- Parthian language
Infobox Language
name=Parthian
nativename=
region=AncientIran
extinct=Marginalized byMiddle Persian from the 3rd century
familycolor=Indo-European
fam2=Indo-Iranian
fam3=Iranian
fam4=Western Iranian
fam5=Northwestern Iranian
iso2=|iso3=xprThe Parthian language, also known as Arsacid Pahlavi, is a now-extinct ancientNorthwestern Iranian language spoken inParthia , a region of northeasternGreater Iran , to include a significant portion ofGreater Khorasan .Parthian was the language of state of the Arsacid Parthians (248 BC-224 AD).
Classification
Parthian was a Western Middle Iranian language that, through
language contact , also had some features of theEastern Iranian language group, the influence of which is attested primarily inloan word s. Some traces of Eastern influence survives in Parthian loan words in theArmenian language .citation|chapter=Aparna|title=Encyclopedia Iranica|chapter-url=http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/v2f2/v2f2a023.html|volume=1|year=1983|location=Costa Mesa|publisher=Mazda Pub|last=Lecoq|first=Pierre]Taxonomically, Parthian belongs to the
Northwestern Iranian language group, while its close relative,Middle Persian , belongs to theSouthwestern Iranian language group.Written Parthian
The Parthian language was rendered using the Pahlavi writing system, which had two essential characteristics: First, its script derived from Aramaic, the script (and language) of the Achaemenid chancellery (i.e. Imperial Aramaic). Second, it had a high incidence of Aramaic words, rendered as
ideogram s orlogogram s, that is, they were written Aramaic words but understood as Parthian ones (See Arsacid Pahlavi for details).The Parthian language was the language of the old Satrapy of Parthia and was used in the
Arsacids courts. The main sources for Parthian are the few remaining inscriptions from Nisa and Hecatompolis, Manichean texts, Sasanian multi-lingual inscriptions, and remains of Parthian literature in the succeeding Middle Persian. Among these, the Manichean texts, composed shortly after the demise of the Parthian power, play an important role for reconstructing the Parthian language [Josef Wiesehfer, "Ancient Persia: From 550 Bc to 650 A.D.", translated by Azizeh Azado, I.B. Tauris, 2001. pg 118.] .Extinction
In 224 AD,
Ardashir I , the local ruler ofPars , deposed and replacedArtabanus IV , the last Parthian Emperor, and founded the fourth Iranian dynasty, and the second Persian dynasty, theSassanian Empire. Parthian was then succeeded byMiddle Persian , which when written is known as Sasanian Pahlavi. Parthian did not die out immediately, but remains attested in a few bi-lingual inscriptions from the Sasanian era.ee also
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References
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* cite encyclopedia|title=Parthia|editor=Hugh Chisholm|encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Britannica|year=1911|volume=20|pages=871|location=London|publisher=Cambridge University Press
url=http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/PAI_PAS/PARTHIA.html
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Parthian language — Middle Iranian language that originated in the ancient province of Parthia (the northeastern portion of modern Iran) and became the official language of the Arsacid period of Persian dynastic history (2nd century BC–3rd century AD). Among… … Universalium
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Parthian — I noun 1. a native or inhabitant of Parthia • Hypernyms: ↑Asian, ↑Asiatic • Member Holonyms: ↑Parthia 2. the Iranian language spoken in the Parthian kingdom (250 BC to AD 226) • Hypernyms: ↑ … Useful english dictionary
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Parthian — /pahr thee euhn/, n. 1. a native or inhabitant of Parthia. 2. an Iranian language of ancient and medieval Parthia. adj. 3. of, pertaining to, or characteristic of Parthia, its inhabitants, or their language. [1520 30; PARTHI(A) + AN] * * * … Universalium
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Parthian — ISO 639 3 Code : xpr ISO 639 2/B Code : ISO 639 2/T Code : ISO 639 1 Code : Scope : Individual Language Type : Ancient … Names of Languages ISO 639-3
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