- JUSTICE
JUSTICE is a
human rights and law reform organisation based in theUnited Kingdom . It is the British section of theInternational Commission of Jurists , the international human rights organisation oflawyers devoted to the legal protection of human rights worldwide. Consequently, members of JUSTICE are predominantlybarristers andsolicitors ,judge s, legal academics, and law students.The current director of JUSTICE is Roger Smith OBE and its current chairman is
Lord Goodhart QC.History
JUSTICE was founded in 1957, following the visit of a group of British lawyers to observe the treason trials of members of the ANC in apartheid South Africa and the show-trials in communist Hungary. Its first chairman was
Hartley Shawcross , the chief British prosecutor at Nuremberg, and another of the founders wasPeter Benenson who would later go on to foundAmnesty International . Indeed, when Amnesty first started in 1961, it shared its offices with JUSTICE.In 1958 it became the British section of the
International Commission of Jurists ('ICJ'). The original terms of JUSTICE's constitution committed it `to uphold and strengthen the principles of the Rule of Law in the territories for which the British Parliament is directly or ultimately responsible: in particular, to assist in the administration of justice and in the preservation of the fundamental liberties of the individual'. Indeed, JUSTICE itself gave birth to a number of subordinate branches in what were then still British colonies and dependent territories. As each of these countries moved towards independence in the 1960s, the branches reconstituted themselves as national sections of the ICJ. This, in turn, shifted the emphasis of JUSTICE's own work towards the UK itself.Thus, although founded with an international orientation, JUSTICE quickly established a specific focus on the rule of law and protection of fundamental rights in the UK. Through the work of its first secretary, Tom Sargant OBE, JUSTICE rapidly developed expertise in cases involving
miscarriages of justice , and secured the release of many prisoners who had been wrongly imprisoned.At the same time JUSTICE developed as a policy organisation, producing reports that helped establish the UK's
Ombudsman system, theCriminal Injuries Compensation Board , theRehabilitation of Offenders Act , theData Protection Act , and theCriminal Cases Review Commission . Similarly, many of the measures contained in theConstitutional Reform Act 2005 were previously put forward by JUSTICE. Through the 1990s it established and developed programmes on human rights legislation, criminal justice, asylum and immigration, discrimination and privacy. It campaigned for the incorporation of theEuropean Convention on Human Rights into UK law by way of theHuman Rights Act 1998 .Anne Owers CBE,Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Prisons , was previously the Director of JUSTICE until 2001.Current work
The main areas of JUSTICE's work are:
*human rights
*criminal justice
*EU law
*the rule of lawJUSTICE's focus is on UK law but its work involves highlighting the importance of international human rights law as well as bringing to bear the insights of comparative analysis of other jurisdictions. European law plays an increasingly large role in this work. It works primarily by briefing parliamentarians and policy-makers on the human rights implications of legislation. As a policy organisation it is less involved in overt campaigning and individual casework and more on providing independent, expert legal analysis on matters of fundamental rights. It also works at the European and international levels, lobbying the
European Union institutions, theCouncil of Europe and the variousUN treaty bodies.Each of JUSTICE's areas of work in turn covers a broad range of issues, including asylum and immigration, counter-terrorism, equality and discrimination, privacy, EU Freedom Justice and Security issues, legal aid and access to justice, as well as constitutional issues tied to the role of the judiciary and Parliamentary scrutiny of legislation.
JUSTICE also has a long history of intervening in cases of public importance involving the protection of fundamental rights. To this end, it has intervened before in cases before the Court of Appeal and the
House of Lords , thePrivy Council , theEuropean Court of Human Rights , and theEuropean Court of Justice .External links
* [http://www.justice.org.uk JUSTICE]
* [http://www.icj.org International Commission of Jurists]
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См. также в других словарях:
JUSTICE — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Justice (homonymie). Avertissement : cet article traite principalement de la conception occidentale de la justice qui a tendance à se généraliser au XXIe siècle … Wikipédia en Français
justice — [ ʒystis ] n. f. • 1080; lat. justitia 1 ♦ Juste appréciation, reconnaissance et respect des droits et du mérite de chacun. ⇒ droiture, équité, impartialité, intégrité, probité. Agir avec justice. « La justice est le respect de la dignité humaine … Encyclopédie Universelle
Justice — is the concept of moral rightness based on ethics, rationality, law, natural law, fairness and equity. A conception of justice is one of the key features of society. Theories of justice vary greatly, but there is evidence that everyday views of… … Wikipedia
justice — Justice, Iustitia. Aspre, et fort estroicte, ou rigoureuse justice, Abscissior iustitia. Justice est logée en l entendement, Consedit in mente iustitia. S il n estoit ainsi, justice ne bonté n auroit aucun lieu entre les hommes, Quod ni ita se… … Thresor de la langue françoyse
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justice — Justice. s. f. Vertu morale, qui rend à chacun ce qui luy appartient. La justice est la Reine des vertus. ce Prince gouverne avec justice. les Estats sans justice sont de grands brigandages. chacun le sien, c est justice. il n y a point de… … Dictionnaire de l'Académie française
Justice — • In its ordinary and proper sense, signifiies the most important of the cardinal virtues Catholic Encyclopedia. Kevin Knight. 2006. Justice Justice … Catholic encyclopedia
JUSTICE — has widely been said to be the moral value which singularly characterizes Judaism both conceptually and historically. Historically, the Jewish search for justice begins with biblical statements like Justice (Heb. ẓedek), justice shall ye pursue… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
Justice — Jus tice (j[u^]s t[i^]s), n. [F., fr. L. justitia, fr. justus just. See {Just}, a.] [1913 Webster] 1. The quality of being just; conformity to the principles of righteousness and rectitude in all things; strict performance of moral obligations;… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
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