- Bowling Revolution P-League
-
Bowling Revolution P★League 
Format Bowling event Country of origin Japan No. of seasons 33 (1 tournament = 1 season) Production Location(s) Tokyo, Japan Running time 30 minutes Broadcast Original channel BS Nippon Picture format 480i (NTSC),
1080i (HDTV)Original run April 2, 2006 – Present Bowling Revolution P★League (ボウリング革命 P★League Bōringu Kakumei Pi-ri-gu) is a series of women-only bowling tournaments, developed solely for television. The tournament is open only to selected members of the Japan Professional Bowling Association (JPBA), Japan Bowling Congress (JBC), and members of the JBC Japan national team. The show airs throughout Japan every Sunday from 5:30pm to 6:00pm (30 minutes) on BS Nippon (BS日テレ).
The "P" in P★League has five meanings: "Pretty", "Power", "Passion", "Performance" and "Perfect".
Contents
History
During the 1970s, bowling was very popular among the Japanese.[1] Japan had as many as 3,697 bowling establishments during the 1970s. By the late 1990s, the number has shrunken to only 600. In 2008, there were 1,100 bowling establishments; 25.1 million people bowled in Japan - about one in five Japanese.[2]
In the early 1970s, the JPBA, along with the JBC and the Bowling Proprietors Association of Japan (BPAJ) produced a series of televised bowling tournaments called Ladies! Challenge Bowl (レディズ・チャレンジボウル), in the attempt to further push the sport's appeal, as well as showcase the women who competed in the three-year old JPBA. Big names such as Ritsuko Nakayama and Kayoko Suda competed in these tournaments. In all, sixty-two women participated in these tournaments. The formula worked - as the show's concept is used in many other Japanese bowling promotions on television, leading up to the present day.
Nakayama, along with the JPBA and the JBC, created P★League in 2006 in an attempt to revive bowling's popularity on television once enjoyed in the 1970s. The women who compete in P★League are labeled "idol" type athletes, since most of the bowlers tend to be marketed as such, and appear to look like the idols one would find in, for example, Japanese pop music. Despite the idol image, the professionals and amateurs who compete in P★League are among the best women bowlers in the world. All of the competitors hold an average of 190 or better, and several have bowled 300-games and 700-series.
Merchandising
Besides its weekly television show, P-League also sells a four-volume DVD set at video and book stores. Volume 1 profiles the original members of P-League. Volumes 2 and 3 includes "doubles" tournaments not shown on television. Volume 4 features an "East v. West" team challenge, where the 20 competitors were divided into two teams of 10 based on their hometown.
In April 2011, P-League released a five year anniversary commemorating DVD set, including all four previously released DVDs and an all-new P-League Volume 5. P-League will also hold a "Next Era P-Leaguer" audition; the conditions so far are for female bowlers - regardless of amateur/professional status - between the ages of 16 and 28.
Tournament Details
The television show consists of a series of tournaments. An entire tournament is bowled and filmed in one day. But, when aired on television, the television coverage spans across seven or eight weeks because of the 30-minute time slot. Each tournament is bowled in a single-elimination bracket format. The groupings for the first round of matches are done via a lottery.
- Tournaments 1 through 3[3]
Twelve bowlers competed. Four of the bowlers had an automatic berth to Round 2. In Round 1, the eight remaining bowlers competed in four head-to-head matches, with the winner in each match moving up to the Round 2. The winners of the four head-to-head matches in Round 2 moved up to the semi-final round. The two winners of the semi-finals moved up to the final match, while the two losers moved into the consolidation match. The winner of the final match placed 1st, while the loser placed 2nd, and the winner of the consolation match placed 3rd.
- Tournaments 4 through 12[3]
The field was increased from twelve to sixteen bowlers. Four groups (A through D) of four bowlers were created. In Round 1, the two highest scorers in each group advanced to Round 2. In Round 2, two groups (AB and CD) were created, and the two highest scorers in each group advanced to the semi-final round. The four remaining bowlers are spit into two head-to-head matches, with the winners advancing to the final match, while the two losers moved to the consolation match. The winner of the final match placed 1st, while the loser placed 2nd, and the winner of the consolation match placed 3rd.
- Tournament 13[3]
In Tournament 13, the field was re-sized to fifteen bowlers. Five groups of three bowlers (A through E) were created. In Round 1, the highest scorer in each group advanced to the semi-finals. In the semi-finals, the five winners were split into two matches of three. For the sixth bowler, a "wild card" bowler was chosen, where the bowler had the highest score among the losers in Round 1. The two highest scorers in each match moved up to the final match. The 1st through 4th places were determined by the order of the scores.
Bracket system used in rounds 14 and later.
- Tournaments 14 and later[3]
The current format consists of a field of eighteen bowlers. Six groups of three bowlers (A through F) were created. In Round 1, the highest scorer in each group advanced to the ABC and DEF matches. The highest scorer in the ABC/DEF matches advanced to the finals. To keep the three-bowler format in the finals, a "wild card" bowler was chosen, where the bowler had the highest score among the losers in the ABC/DEF matches. The winner of the final match is the champion.
In Tournaments 14 through 28, there were twenty members in P-League, but only eighteen of them were allowed to participate. The two lowest scorers during Round 1 were banned from participating in the next Tournament. The two bowlers banned from the previous Tournament were then allowed back in P-League to fill in the two vacant spots - keeping the number of bowlers at 18.
In Tournaments 29 and 30, the number of permanent members increased to 21 bowlers. To keep the number of competitors at 18, the number of bowlers banned from participating in the next Tournament increased from two bowlers to three.
Starting with Tournament 31, the rules regarding the first-round matches have drastically changed. The first-place bowler in each group will still move on to the semi-final; the second-place bowler will be able to participate in the next Tournament; however, the last-place bowler in each group will be banned from participating in the next Tournament. This system brings the number of banned bowlers to six, double the amount for the last two Tournaments and triple the amount from when the elimination system first started.
- Prize Money
Prize money is currently: 1st Place - 500,000 yen, 2nd Place - 250,000 yen, and 3rd Place 100,000 yen.
- Perfect Prize[3]
Starting with Tournament 10, prize money is awarded to the bowler who rolls a perfect 300-game. The amount of the prize is based on when the game was scored. In Tournaments 10 through 12, the first series of matches was worth 500,000 yen, 3.0 million yen in the semi-finals, and 5.0 million yen in the finals. In Tournaments 13 to 24, the first series of matches was worth 1.0 million yen, 3.0 million yen in the ABC/DEF matches, and 5.0 million yen in the finals. From Tournament 25 and on, the perfect prize was increased to 10.0 million yen for the whole tournament.
Filming conditions
Currently, all the rounds are filmed at Tamachi Hilane (田町ハイレーン), located in Minato City, Tokyo. Lanes 59 and 60 are used as the tournament "TV pair" during the more recent rounds. A temporary filming studio enclosure is constructed around three pairs of lanes, complete with additional lighting and a pink-themed decor. Lanes 57 and 58, and 61 and 62 are turned into seating areas for the live viewing audience. A large digital score board is placed above the TV pair. Many other parts of the bowling establishment are turned into dressing rooms and interviewing areas.
While the matches are being filmed, most of the fifteen remaining competitors sit in the "pit area" of lanes 57 and 58 and, along with the viewing audience watch the matches. In matches where a member of the Japan National Team is involved, the other teammates sitting in the pit area will yell "saa iccho" (さーいっちょ) just before the bowler makes her delivery. The NTV commentators are situated in the pit area of lanes 61 and 62. Usually, the commentators cannot be heard by the people in the studio during the match. But, on occasion a commentator will yell with enthusiasm, stirring up laughter among the bowlers. Ryo Itsuno once yelled, "Nandedayō?" (何でだよう？ or "Why?") while working on Round 25, Match E when Yūko Nakatani left a soft 10-pin in a crucial must-strike situation. Other phrases popular with Itsuno include "JUST POCKET!" (ジャストポケット!) after a strike, and "GOOD JOB!" or "EXCELLENT!" after a great spare.
The scores are tracked electronically, and on occasion need to be corrected by the competitors themselves.
The competitors for the up-coming match practice outside of the studio, using the remaining available lanes.
Tournament notes
Tournament 28: For the first time in P-League history, all members of the Japan National Team won their first round matches (Ōishi, Asada, and Koizumi) and reached the ABC/DEF matches. It is also the first time all three positions in either the ABC or DEF match are filled by members of the Japan National Team. It is the first time all amateurs (four of them in Round 28) have qualified for the ABC/DEF matches. It is also the first time the final match will consist entirely of amateurs (Asada, Harigaya, and Ōishi as the wild card.) With her win, Harigaya is the first bowler without affiliation to the Japan National Team nor the JPBA to win.
Tournament 30: Hiromi Matsunaga matches Urara Himeji's record of five tournament wins. The final match had a line-up that matched the line-up in Round 29 (Mori, Matsunaga, and Nishimura.) The win was also the second time that Matsunaga won two tournaments in a row (the other back-to-back wins was Rounds 18 and 19.) This round also introduced Saki Nakajima as a supporter.
Tournament 31: Hiromi Matsunaga sets the record for not only the most tournament wins (6), but also the number of continuous wins (3). The rules changed in Round 31, where the low scorers in each of A-F matches are banned from the next tournament. This rule changed the dynamics of the A-F matches, as each bowler is now faced with not only losing the 1st round match, but also not rolling the low score in the match. The mood was noticeably more serious in the A-F matches, than in previous rounds.
Tournament 33: After four straight tournament wins, Hiromi Matsunaga loses to Aino Kinjō in Match 33C, 225-226. After a strike in the foundation ninth frame, Matsunaga brought a 21-pin lead over Kinjō with her to the 10th frame. Matsunaga rolls the ball straight into the head-pin, leaving the difficult 4-10 split. Missing the split, Kinjō is forced to cover 20 pins in the 10th frame. A strike on the first ball gives Kinjō a comfortable position to collect the needed ten pins in the last two balls. Kinjō was then defeated in the ABC semi-final match against Miki Nishimura. Nishimura and best-friend Urara Himeji meet up with Ayano Katai in the final match. Nishimura started strong with a turkey in the first three frames, along with Katai's four-bagger. Katai falls out of contention with two straight open frames in the fifth and sixth frames. After a slow start with a 65 in the fourth frame for Himeji, she finishes the match with eight straight strikes for a 245 - forcing Nishimura to match her, starting at the eighth frame for any chance of taking advantage of a break by Himeji. Nishimura ends up short, rolling a 233 and a second-place finish. It is Himeji's sixth tournament win, and is only one win away from matching Matsunaga's record of seven tournament wins.
Tournament 34: Tournament 34 is overall the highest-scoring tournament in P-League history. Overall average score of 222 after 27 games (nine matches,) with 178 strikes. Three new members of P-League make their debut. Ayumi Kobayashi (21) earned her JPBA membership earlier in 2011. Satsuki Sasaki (23) is the newest member of the Japan national team. Kana Shimoide (17) is also a Japan national team member, and is currently attending high school.
Cast
Active players
☆-Champion, ◎-2nd Place, ○-3rd Place, △-4th Place (#1 thru 13), 1-Eliminated in 1st Round, 2-Eliminated in 2nd Round (#1 thru #12), ♥-Eliminated in ABC/DEF matches (#13-), ×-Did not compete, ↓-Low score in A-F matches (#20 thru 30) or in a match (#31-). Professional bowlers are highlighted in pink, amateurs are highlighted in aqua.
Name (rōmaji) Name (kana) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 Remarks JPBA Professionals (active) Aino Kinjō (金城愛乃) 1 1 × 2 △ 2 2 1 2 △ 2 △ △ 1 ♥ 1 1 1 1 1 1 ○ 1 1 ♥ 1 ♥ 1 1 1 ↓ × ♥ Aki Nawa (名和秋) 2 ☆ ◎ 1 2 ○ 1 1 ○ 2 2 2 ◎ 1 ♥ 1 1 1 1 ↓ × ♥ 1 1 1 ♥ 1 1 ↓ × ○ 1 1 Aki Suzuki (鈴木亜季) ○ 1 Akiko Tanigawa (谷川章子) 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 ☆ 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ♥ 1 1 ◎ ◎ 1 1 1 ♥ ♥ 1 ♥ ↓ × 1 Ayano Katai (片井文乃) ○ 1 △ 2 1 1 1 2 ○ 1 ◎ 1 ◎ 1 1 × 1 1 1 ↓ × ♥ ☆ × ♥ ◎ 1 ↓ × ↓ × ○ #2 - #24 - Japan National Team
#26 and up - as a JPBA member.Hiromi Matsunaga (松永裕美) △ ◎ ◎ 1 1 1 ♥ × × ○ ☆ ☆ ♥ ☆ ♥ 1 ♥ ○ 1 1 1 ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ 1 Masami Hasegawa (長谷川真実) △ × 1 × × × × × × × × ♥ 1 ♥ 1 ♥ 1 1 1 1 ♥ ♥ ♥ 1 1 ↓ × ↓ ♥ ↓ × Masami Satō (佐藤まさみ) ☆ ♥ 1 ↓ × ○ 1 ♥ 1 1 ↓ × Mayumi Yoshida (吉田真由美) ☆ 2 2 1 1 2 ◎ ○ × × × × × × 1 ◎ 1 1 ♥ ◎ 1 1 1 ◎ ☆ ♥ 1 1 1 ↓ × ◎ 1 Miho Yanagii (柳美穂) ♥ 1 Mika Sakai (酒井美佳) 2 1 2 1 1 1 ○ 2 2 1 ◎ 1 1 1 ♥ ♥ ♥ 1 1 1 ♥ 1 1 ↓ × ◎ ↓ × ↓ × 1 1 1 Miki Nishimura (西村美紀) 1 1 1 1 1 ○ ♥ 1 1 ↓ × 1 ☆ 1 1 ○ ◎ 1 1 ◎ Mitsuki Nakamura (中村美月) ↓ × 1 ♥ 1 1 1 ↓ × 1 ↓ × 1 Risa Suzuki (鈴木理沙) 1 1 1 1 1 1 ↓ × 1 1 1 ♥ 1 ↓ × 1 ♥ 1 ↓ × Sanae Mori (森彩奈江) 1 × × × × 2 1 1 1 ○ ♥ ○ 1 1 ♥ 1 1 1 ○ ↓ × 1 ◎ 1 1 ♥ ◎ ○ ♥ 1 ♥ #3 - as an amateur.
#8 and up - as a JPBA memberSuzuna Miyagi (宮城鈴菜) × 1 1 1 1 ◎ 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ♥ × 1 ♥ × × × × × × × 1 ↓ × 1 1 #2 thru #18 - Japan National Team
#20 and up - as JPBA memberUrara Himeji (姫路麗) 2 1 2 ☆ ◎ 1 ☆ ◎ 1 1 ○ 1 ☆ 1 1 ○ ☆ ♥ 1 1 1 1 ○ 1 1 1 ☆ 1 1 1 ↓ × ☆ Yūka Kishida (岸田有加) ↓ × 1 1 1 ♥ ♥ 1 Yūko Nakatani (中谷優子) ○ 1 × 1 ☆ 1 2 1 △ 1 ☆ 2 ♥ 1 1 1 1 ◎ 1 ☆ 1 ♥ 1 1 1 1 1 1 ♥ 1 1 ↓ × Japan National Team (active) Junko Harigaya (張ヶ谷順子) 1 ♥ ☆ ♥ 1 ◎ ↓ × #26 thru 30 - Amateur
#31 present - Japan National Team
First winner to come directly from JBC without affiliation to Japan National Team.Misaki Mukotani (向谷美咲) ↓ × Nao Ōishi (大石奈緒) 2 ☆ 1 ☆ ○ ☆ ◎ 1 1 ♥ ◎ 1 ↓ × 1 ○ 1 ◎ 1 1 ↓ × ♥ Japan National Team Rina Asada (浅田梨奈) 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 ♥ 1 1 ○ 1 1 ☆ 1 1 ↓ × ○ 1 1 × 1 1 #6 thru #8 - as a junior amateur.
#9 and up - Japan National Team.JBC Amateurs (active) Natsumi Koizumi (小泉奈津美) 1 × ♥ 1 1 ○ ↓ × 1 ♥ × ♥ 1 ♥ 1 #19 thru 30 - Japan National Team Non-active
Name (rōmaji) Name (kana) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Remarks JPBA Professionals (no longer active) Hiroko Shimizu (清水弘子) ◎ 1 ○ 1 ○ ☆ 2 ☆ 1 1 1 1 1 1 ☆ ♥ 1 1 ◎ 1 1 ↓ × ↓ 1 Resigned from JPBA after #25 Mai Takasaka (高坂麻衣) 2 1 2 △ 1 ☆ 2 1 1 1 ♥ ◎ 1 1 ○ ♥ 1 1 1 1 1 1 Resigned from JPBA after #25 Masami Abe (阿部聖水) 1 #4 - competed as Misa Abe (阿部美佐) Mika Satō (佐藤美香) 2 ◎ Nachimi Itakura (板倉奈智美) 1 2 × ◎ 2 Reika Sakai (酒井玲佳) 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 △ 2 Yūki Yamamoto (山本由紀) 1 2 Yukie Koyama (小山幸恵) ☆ #3 - competed as Yukie Satō (佐藤幸恵) Yurika Ōyama (大山由里香) △ 1 JBC Japan National Team (no longer active) Kaori Ishizuka (石塚香織) 1 Japan National Team Maya Takemata (竹俣茉耶) 2 △ 1 × 1 1 Japan National Team Kumi Tsuzawa (津澤久美) × 1 2 ○ 1 1 1 Japan National Team Rie Totsuka (戸塚里恵) △ 1 1 × 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 ○ 1 1 1 1 Japan National Team ☆-Champion, ◎-2nd Place, ○-3rd Place, △-4th Place (#1 thru 13), 1-Eliminated in 1st Round, 2-Eliminated in 2nd Round (#1 thru #12), ♥-Eliminated in ABC/DEF matches (#13-), ×-Did not compete, ↓-Low score in A-F matches (#20 thru 30) or in a match (#31-). Professional bowlers are highlighted in pink, amateurs are highlighted in aqua.
Reporters
- Mitsuaki Ogawa (小川光明)
- Ryo Itsuno (伊津野亮)
- Daisuke Fujita (藤田大介)
- Masumi Yamamoto (山本真純)
- Saki Nakajima (中島早貴) (supporter)
- Mai Yamagishi (山岸舞彩) (assistant)
- Saki Oshiro (大城さき) (assistant)
Wild card
Starting with Tournament 13, a wild card was chosen - the player with the highest score among the ABC and DEF matches, but not winning her match. The wild card bowls against the winners of the ABC and DEF matches, in the final match.
Round Bowler ABC/DEF Score Final Result 13 Urara Himeji 259 Win 14 Ayano Katai 228 2nd 15 Hiroko Shimizu 226 Win 16 Mayumi Yoshida 215 2nd 17 Urara Himeji 279 Win 18 Hiromi Matsunaga 235 Win 19 Hiroko Shimizu 208 2nd 20 Rina Asada 204 3rd 21 Nao Ōishi 238 2nd 22 Aino Kinjō 214 3rd 23 Akiko Tanigawa 221 2nd 24 Ayano Katai 232 Win 25 Mayumi Yoshida 203 Win 26 Miki Nishimura 213 Win 27 Masami Satō 214 3rd 28 Nao Ōishi 213 2nd 29 Miki Nishimura 172 3rd 30 Miki Nishimura 210 2nd 31 Aki Nawa 224 3rd 32 Mayumi Yoshida 204 2nd 33 Ayano Katai 217 3rd Replacement system
- From Tournaments 20 through 28, bowlers with the two lowest scores in Round 1 were banned from participating in the next P-League Tournament; the two bowlers previously banned were used as the replacements.
- In Tournaments 29 and 30, the three lowest scores in Round 1 were banned from participating in the next P-League Tournament; the three bowlers previously banned were used as replacements.
- Starting with Tournament 31, the lowest scorer in each of the A through F matches will be banned from the next tournament. This system brings the number of banned bowlers to six.
Tournament Lowest scores Notes Replacements in
next tournament20 Suzuki：179
Nawa：169Risa Suzuki and Aki Nawa become the first two bowlers to be banned under the new system. Natsumi Koizumi replaces Suzuna Miyagi's vacant spot within the JBC National Team. Rookie Mitsuki Nakamura is added to the JPBA roster. Koizumi,
Nakamura21 Nakamura：185
Katai：181Suzuna Miyagi leaves P-League permanently. Masami Satō replaces Miyagi. Nawa
Suzuki,
Satō22 Shimizu：158
Mori：150Katai,
Nakamura23 Ōishi：170
Nishimura：167Shimizu,
Mori24 Shimizu：159
M. Sakai：146Ayano Katai leaves JBC and applies for JPBA. Hiroko Shimizu replaces Katai despite her 2nd lowest score in #24. Ōishi,
Nishimura,
Shimizu25 Satō：165
Koizumi：164Hiroko Shimizu and Mai Takasaka leave P-League permanently, both resigning from JPBA and joining LBO. Ayano Katai returns as a new JPBA member. M. Sakai,
Katai,
Kishida,
Harigaya26 Kishida:171
Asada:161Satō,
Koizumi27 M. Sakai:162
Suzuki:154Kishida,
Asada28 Hasegawa:183
Nakamura:172M. Sakai,
Suzuki,
Miyagi29 Katai:178
Nawa:174
M. Sakai:165Natsumi Koizumi went on a foreign tour, leaving her unable to participate in this tournament. Suzuna Miyagi takes her place. The rules have changed from the lowest two scores to the lowest three starting from this tournament. Hasegawa,
Nakamura,
Koizumi30 Yoshida:178
Hasegawa:178
Miyagi:159Katai,
Nawa,
M. Sakai31 Nakamura:180
Ōishi:165
Tanigawa:168
Katai:183
Kinjō:173
Himeji:166Rules have changed from the lowest three scores in 1st round, to the lowest score in each of the six 1st round matches. Hasegawa returned to #31, replacing Asada, despite low score in #30. Yoshida,
Miyagi,
Aki Suzuki,
Yanagii,
Mukotani,
Asada32 Nakatani:197
Harigaya:191
R. Suzuki:168
Mukotani:206
Satō:201
Hasegawa:167Nakamura
Ōishi
Tanigawa
Katai
Kinjō
Himeji33 Kishida:164
Yanagii:160
Asada:200
Nakamura:191
Koizumi:186
Nawa:185Shimoide
Harigaya
Sasaki
Mukotani
Kobayashi
HasegawaTournament statistics
Scoring average
Scoring average of active bowlers, with a minimum of games (16.5) equaling half of the tournaments (33).
Pos Bowler Average Total Games 1 Hiromi Matsunaga 230.7 12,688 55 2 Urara Himeji 219.9 13,415 61 3 Nao Ōishi 219.7 9,008 41 4 Yūko Nakatani 214.3 10,930 51 5 Sanae Mori 210.6 9,475 45 6 Akiko Tanigawa 209.3 9,838 47 7 Aki Nawa 208.7 11,272 54 8 Ayano Katai 208.2 10,620 51 9 Miki Nishimura 207.4 6,430 31 10 Masami Satō 206.0 3,296 16 Records
- Number of tournament wins: Matsunaga (7)
- Number of continuous tournament wins: Matsunaga (4)
- Number of continuous strikes, single game: 10 strikes, made by Matsunaga (T17), and Himeji (T18)
- Most strikes in a single game: 11 strikes, made by Mori (T13) and Himeji (T17)
- High score, single game: 289, scored by Himeji (T18)
- Highest two scores in a single match, scored by Matsunaga (288) and Himeji (279) (T17)
- Highest four-game total (T1-12): 258, 247, 235, 254 = 994, scored by Ōishi (T12)
- Highest three-game total (T13-): 278, 288, 215 = 781, scored by Matsunaga (T17)
See also
References
- ^ "Bowling Babes". JAPUNDIT. 2006-08-15. http://blog.japundit.com/archives/2006/08/15/3311/.
- ^ "Sexy Schoolgirl, Rina Asada Strikes Out for Bowling". Rising Sun of Nihon. 2008-09-27. http://www.risingsunofnihon.com/all-about-japan/sexy-schoolgirl-rina-asada-strikes-out-for-bowling/.
- ^ a b c d e "P-League official site". P-league.jp. http://www.p-league.jp/. Retrieved 2010-09-30.
External links
Categories:- Bowling competitions
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
