Canadian federal election, 2011

Canadian federal election, 2011
Canadian federal election, 2011
Canada
2008 ←
members
May 2, 2011 (2011-05-02)
members
→ 42nd

All 308 seats in the House of Commons of Canada
155 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
Turnout 61.4%
  First party Second party Third party
  Stephen Harper by Remy Steinegger.jpg Jack Layton - 2011.jpg Victoria, BC Liberal Town Hall Forum public libéral.jpg
Leader Stephen Harper Jack Layton Michael Ignatieff
Party Conservative New Democrat Liberal
Leader since March 20, 2004 January 24, 2003 May 2, 2009
Leader's seat Calgary Southwest Toronto—Danforth Etobicoke—Lakeshore (lost re-election)
Last election 143 seats, 37.65% 37 seats, 18.18% 77 seats, 26.26%
Seats before 143 36 77
Seats won 166 103 34
Seat change +23 +67 -43
Popular vote 5,832,401 4,508,474 2,783,175
Percentage 39.62% 30.63% 18.91%
Swing +1.96pp +12.44pp -7.36pp

  Fourth party Fifth party
  Gilles Duceppe2.jpg Elizabeth May 2a.jpg
Leader Gilles Duceppe Elizabeth May
Party Bloc Québécois Green
Leader since March 15, 1997 August 27, 2006
Leader's seat Laurier—Sainte-Marie (lost re-election) Saanich—Gulf Islands
Last election 49 seats, 9.98% 0 seats, 6.78%
Seats before 47 0
Seats won 4 1
Seat change -43 +1
Popular vote 889,788 576,221
Percentage 6.04% 3.91%
Swing -3.94pp -2.87pp

Canada 2011 Federal Election.svg

Popular vote by province, with graphs indicating the number of seats won. As this is an FPTP election, seat totals are not determined by popular vote by province but instead via results by each riding.

Prime Minister before election

Stephen Harper
Conservative

Prime Minister after election

Stephen Harper
Conservative

The 2011 Canadian federal election (formally the 41st Canadian general election) was held Monday, May 2, 2011, to elect members to the House of Commons of the 41st Canadian Parliament.

The writs of election for the 2011 election were issued by Governor General David Johnston on March 26. Prime Minister Stephen Harper advised the Governor General to dissolve parliament after the House of Commons passed a motion of non-confidence against the government, finding it to be in contempt of parliament. A few days before, the three opposition parties had rejected the government's proposed budget.[1]

The Conservative Party remained in power, increasing their number of seats from a minority to a majority government. The Liberal Party won the fewest seats in their history, and party leader Michael Ignatieff was defeated in his riding. The Bloc Québécois lost official party status for the first time since their first election, and party leader Gilles Duceppe was also defeated in his riding. The New Democratic Party won the largest number of seats in their history, enabling them to form the Official Opposition for the first time. Green Party leader Elizabeth May won the first ever elected seat for that party in the Canadian parliament.

Contents

Background

The 2008 federal election resulted in the continuation of the incumbent Conservative minority government, headed by Stephen Harper. This sitting of the legislature was marked by two controversial prorogations: the first in December 2008 which ended an attempted opposition coalition, and the second a year following, which prompted public protests. Following the first prorogation, Ignatieff and the Liberal Party provided support for the government of Prime Minister Stephen Harper. On August 31, 2009, the Liberals withdrew their backing but the NDP under Jack Layton abstained and the Conservatives survived the confidence motion.[2] Ignatieff's attempt to force a September 2009 election was reported as a miscalculation, as polls showed that most Canadians did not want another election. Ignatieff's popularity as well as that of the Liberals dropped off considerably immediately afterwards.[3]

In 2011, Elections Canada laid charges against the Conservative Party, alleging contraventions of the Canada Elections Act five years earlier.[4][5][6] This issue, along with the Bloc Québécois announcing its intention to vote against the budget, unless it contained numerous changes including $2 billion in compensation to Quebec for harmonizing PST and GST and funding for a new NHL arena in Quebec City, increased the speculation that there would be an election called soon as the Conservatives rejected the Bloc demands as "blackmail".[7]

On March 9, 2011, Speaker of the House of Commons Peter Milliken ruled that Bev Oda, a minister of the Crown, and, separately, the Cabinet itself could both possibly be in contempt of parliament,[8] the latter for its ongoing refusal to meet opposition requests for details of proposed bills and their cost estimates.[9] Milliken directed both matters to committee and set as the deadline for its report March 21, 2011, one day before the budget was to be tabled. The committee found the government to be in contempt of Parliament.[10] The vote divided along party lines, with the governing but minority Conservative Members of Parliament (MPs) opposing the finding and issuing a dissenting report.[9] After the committee released its findings, opposition leader and head of the Liberal Party Michael Ignatieff proposed a motion of no confidence against the Crown-in-Council and,[11][12] on March 25, 2011, the House of Commons voted on the motion, the majority agreeing, by a margin of 156 to 145, with the committee's conclusions.[13][14][15] A cabinet being found in contempt of parliament is without precedent in Canada or any other Commonwealth country.[13][14] Earlier that week, all three opposition parties had indicated that they would oppose the government's budget; the NDP said that the concessions that the Conservatives made did not go far enough.[1]

Campaign slogans

The parties' campaign slogans for the 2011 election:

  • Bloc Québécois: "Parlons Québec"
  • Conservative Party: "Here For Canada / Ici pour le Canada" & "Ignatieff - He didn't come back for you!". The second one makes reference to Ignatieff living abroad for many years.
  • Green Party: "It's Time" & "Canada needs Elizabeth May but only you can elect her"
  • Liberal Party: "Rise Up Canada" & "Change we need, from a proven team." The first one refers to Harper's contempt charge. The second one was used after the NDP's surge in the opinion polls making reference to the fact they never formed a government and have relatively inexperienced candidates.
  • New Democratic Party: "Working For Families / Travaillons ensemble", "You have a choice", & "That's Canadian Leadership"

Results

166
103
34
4
1
Conservative
New Democratic
Liberal
BQ
G
e • d  Summary of the May 2, 2011 Canadian House of Commons election results
Party Party leader Candidates Seats Popular vote
2008 Dissol. 2011 % Change % seats # # Change % pp Change
     Conservative Stephen Harper 307 143 143 166 +16.08% 53.90% 5,832,401 +623,332 39.62% +1.97pp
     New Democratic Jack Layton 308 37 36 103 +178.38% 33.44% 4,508,474 +1,993,186 30.63% +12.45pp
     Liberal Michael Ignatieff 3081 77 77 34 −42.86% 11.04% 2,783,175 −850,010 18.91% −7.36pp
     Bloc Québécois Gilles Duceppe 75 49 47 4 −91.84% 1.30% 889,788 −490,203 6.04% −3.93pp
     Green Elizabeth May 304 1 N/A 0.32% 576,221 −361,392 3.91% −2.86pp
     Independents and no affiliation 61 2 2 −100% 72,731 −22,113 0.49% −0.19pp
     Christian Heritage James Hnatiuk 46 19,218 −7,257 0.13% −0.06pp
     Marxist–Leninist Anna Di Carlo 70 10,160 +1,595 0.07% +0.01pp
     Libertarian Dennis Young 23 6,017 −1,283 0.04% −0.01pp
Progressive Canadian Sinclair Stevens 9 5,838 −22 0.04% −0.00pp
     Rhinoceros2 François Gourd 14 3,819 +1,697 0.03% +0.01pp
     Pirate Mikkel Paulson 10 * * 3,198 * 0.02% *
     Communist Miguel Figueroa 20 2,925 −647 0.02% −0.01pp
     Canadian Action Christopher Porter 12 2,030 −1,425 0.01% −0.01pp
     Marijuana Blair Longley 5 1,864 −434 0.01% −0.00pp
     Animal Alliance Environment Voters Liz White 7 1,451 +924 0.01% +0.01pp
     Western Block Doug Christie 4 748 +553 0.01% +0.00pp
     United Brian Jedan 3 * * 294 * 0.00% *
     First Peoples National Will Morin 1 228 −1,383 0.00% −0.01pp
     Vacant 3  
Total 1,587 308 308 308 ±0.0% 100.0% 14,720,580 +886,286 100%  
Source: Elections Canada (Preliminary results)
1. André Forbes of Manicouagan was nominated as a Liberal, but lost party support after being nominated, and continued to run as an independent; he is listed here as a Liberal rather than an independent, as he was listed as a Liberal on the ballot.[16][17]
2. The Rhinoceros Party contested the previous federal election under the name Neorhino.ca.
3. People's Political Power Party of Canada failed to run candidates in the 2011 election and was deregistered by Elections Canada on April 13, 2011.[18]

The voter turnout was estimated to be 61.4%.[19]

Electoral map of Toronto and the surrounding "905" constituencies showing the changes in election results between the 2008 and 2011 federal elections.

Results by province

Party name BC AB SK MB ON QC NB NS PE NL YT NT NU Total
     Conservative Seats: 21 27 13 11 73 5 8 4 1 1 1 0 1 166
Vote: 45.5 66.8 56.3 53.5 44.4 16.5 43.9 36.7 41.2 28.4 33.8 32.1 49.9 39.6
     New Democratic Party Seats: 12 1 0 2 22 59 1 3 0 2 0 1 0 103
Vote: 32.5 16.8 32.3 25.8 25.6 42.9 29.8 30.3 15.4 32.6 14.4 45.8 19.4 30.6
     Liberal Seats: 2 0 1 1 11 7 1 4 3 4 0 0 0 34
Vote: 13.4 9.3 8.6 16.6 25.3 14.2 22.6 28.9 41.0 37.9 33.0 18.4 28.6 18.9
     Bloc Québécois Seats: 4 4
Vote: 23.4 6.0
     Green Seats: 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Vote: 7.7 5.3 2.7 3.6 3.8 2.1 3.2 4.0 2.4 0.9 18.9 3.1 2.1 3.9
     Independent and no affiliation Vote: 0.2 1.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.4
     Total seats 36 28 14 14 106 75 10 11 4 7 1 1 1 308

Post-election

Overview of results

Rendition of party representation in the 41st Canadian Parliament decided by this election
  Conservatives (166)
  New Democrats (103)
  Liberals (34)
  Bloc Québécois (4)
  Green Party (1)
Results by riding; shades refer to popular vote, as all ridings elected one member

The Conservative Party remained in power, moving from a minority to a majority government [20] by winning 166 of the 308 seats.[21] The New Democratic Party won the largest number of seats in their history, including a large majority of seats in Quebec (where they had previously only ever elected two candidates[fn 1]) and will form the Official Opposition for the first time. The Liberal Party won the fewest seats in their history and party leader Michael Ignatieff was defeated in his own riding.[fn 2] The Bloc Québécois, which had always won at least a majority of seats in Quebec in every election of their existence, lost nearly all their seats, and thus also their official party status, including the seat of their leader Gilles Duceppe.[22] Green Party leader Elizabeth May became the first Member of Parliament elected to represent the party.[23]

Recounts

Elections Canada ordered three judicial recounts,[24] and an elector initiated a fourth.[25] The Canada Elections Act states that "a judicial recount is required when the difference in votes between the first- and second-place candidates is less than one one-thousandth of the total votes cast in a riding," and allows an elector or candidate in any riding to approach a judge and request a recount regardless of the final result.[24] In all four ridings, Etobicoke Centre, Montmagny—L'Islet—Kamouraska—Rivière-du-Loup, Nipissing—Timiskaming, and Winnipeg North, the validated result was confirmed:

  • As initially validated by election officials, Conservative Party candidate Ted Opitz defeated Liberal incumbent Borys Wrzesnewskyj in Etobicoke Centre by 25 votes,[26] a margin increased by one in the recount.[27]
  • Initially, Conservative Jay Aspin defeated incumbent Anthony Rota of the Liberal Party by 15 votes in Nipissing—Timiskaming; the recount added three votes to the margin of victory.[28]
  • In Montmagny—L'Islet—Kamouraska—Rivière-du-Loup, incumbent Conservative MP Bernard Généreux was initially declared re-elected, but due to a counting error on election night, the seat was later determined to have been won by the NDP candidate François Lapointe by a margin of five votes.[24] The recount confirmed Lapointe as the winner by nine votes.[29]
  • In Winnipeg North, a recount was requested by an elector; the difference between Liberal Kevin Lamoureux, the victor, and New Democrat Rebecca Blaikie was just 45 votes,[30] reduced by one vote in the recount.[28]

Opposition party leadership changes

Ignatieff announced on May 3, 2011, that he would step down as leader of the Liberal Party when it chooses his successor.[23][31] Ignatieff took a teaching position at the University of Toronto after his defeat in Etobicoke—Lakeshore.[32] He will teach classes in the law faculty, the department of political science, the Munk School of Global Affairs and the School of Public Policy and Governance.[32] Ignatieff stated that "The life that I like the best is teaching. It’s the end of my life as a politician".[32] Bob Rae, Liberal MP for Toronto Centre and former Premier of Ontario (1990 to 1995, as a New Democrat), subsequently became interim leader of the Liberal Party, with a Liberal leadership election scheduled for 2013.

Duceppe resigned as Bloc Québécois leader on election night following his defeat.[23] Louis Plamondon, MP for Bas-Richelieu—Nicolet—Bécancour and Dean of the House, subsequently became interim parliamentary leader of the Bloc, with a Bloc leadership election scheduled for December 11, 2011.

On July 25, 2011, Jack Layton took a leave of absence to fight a newly diagnosed cancer. Nycole Turmel, former union leader and newly elected MP for Hull—Aylmer, was named interim leader of the New Democratic Party. On August 22, Layton died. Turmel became opposition leader. A NDP leadership election is scheduled for March 24, 2012.

Controversies

The losing parties in the Berthier—Maskinongé riding claimed that the nomination papers for Ruth Ellen Brosseau, the newly-elected NDP Member of Parliament for the riding, had irregularities.[33] Some of the alleged irregularities include writing an address instead of signing, missing signatures, people thinking they were signing a petition for the NDP to name a candidate in the riding and one person not remembering that he signed her nomination papers even though he admitted that the signature looks like his.[33] The NDP denied the allegations.[33] Elections Canada has insisted that Brosseau's nomination papers are legitimate.[34] Elections Canada stated that "The decision to overturn or uphold the results is at the discretion of the courts and not Elections Canada".[34]

Timeline

Issues

Crime and law enforcement

Internet surveillance and warrant-less wiretapping

The Conservatives promised to re-introduce Internet surveillance legislation that they were not able to pass, and bundle it with the rest of their crime bills. They said they plan to fast track the legislation within 100 days after taking office.[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]

Long gun registry

Harper pledged to scrap the long-gun registry.[48]

Crime strategies

The Conservative platform included a promise to consolidate twelve crime bills into at least one omnibus bill and pass it within 100 days of forming a majority government. The bills included within that list would crack down on organized drug crime, end house arrest for violent criminals and establish tougher sentences and mandatory jail time for sexual offences against children.[49] The opposition parties claimed the crime bills were not costed fully, and the opposition parties countered that this would create a US style system of prisons.[50] The Conservatives have not released the costs for expanding the prison system. The other parties state that more focus should be given on crime prevention, so that it doesn't happen in the first place.[50] The New Democratic Party (NDP) stated that their promise to hire 2,500 more police officers to patrol the streets, will help in preventing crime from occurring in the first place.[51][52][53][54]

Defence policy

The Conservatives plan to purchase 65 F-35 Lightning II jet fighters. Stating "Our defence policy is broken" the NDP announced that they would prioritize investment in naval ships over new fighter jets. The NDP stated that this would be a good opportunity to keep shipbuilding expertise and jobs in Canada.[55][56][57][58]

Economy and fiscal policy

Balanced budget and recession

Conservatives argued that they steered the economy through the 2007-2010 global financial crisis, and promised to eliminate the budget deficit by 2014-15.[59][60] Former Prime Minister Paul Martin, campaigning for the Liberals, challenged assertions, noting that his Liberal government left a $13 billion budget surplus, before the Conservatives took power.[61][62] In 2010, Paul Martin had been invited to the prestigious Global ARC conference to discuss that elimination of the Canadian government deficit.[63] Martin also claimed that when he was Finance minister working under Jean Chretien, his blocking of proposed bank mergers is what actually sheltered Canada from the worst effects of the recession.[62][64][65] The New Democratic Party (NDP) released its platform promising a balanced budget in four years.[66] After the NDP surge, the Liberals called the NDP platform "science fiction"[67] stating it contains over $30 billion in new spending derived from sources that are not credible, and that implementing a cap and trade system that would take years to realize rather than provide the in-year contributions as claimed.[67]

Corporate tax cuts and job creation strategy

The Conservatives stated that their plan to cut corporate taxes from 16.5% to 15%, will create more jobs.[68] Harper stated that an increase in corporate taxes will create job losses across Canada. Layton countered by saying currently the jobs are shipped overseas, and pledged a $4,500 job creation tax credit to all businesses per new hire.[69] Layton further went to say that small business are the ones creating more jobs, thus he promised to lower the tax rate for small business from 11% to 9%. He then went on to say the big business are using the corporate tax cuts by providing their CEOs with big bonuses, and thus pledged to increase their tax rate to 19.5%.[50][70] The Liberals on the other hand, will raise the rate to 18%, stating that it will be competitive but not excessivley low

Increasing Canada Pension Plan

The NDP promised a gradual doubling of Canada Pension Plan and QPP benefits, in conjunction with the provinces, with an increase in payroll deductions of as much as 2.5 per cent.[71]

HST referendum in BC

If BC voters were to reject the Harmonized Sales Tax in the upcoming referendum, the NDP promised to ensure that the penalties to be imposed by Ottawa on the HST agreement will be cancelled.[72][73][74][75]

Personal taxation

Conservatives promised income splitting for tax purposes for families with children to be implemented once the budget is balanced in 2013.[76]

Electoral reform and political honesty

Political honesty

The New Democratic Party stated that both the Conservatives and the Liberals cannot be trusted. The NDP accused the Conservatives of creating "Liberal-style scandals"[77] and accused the Liberals of flip-flopping on issues such as corporate tax cuts, and the Afghanistan mission.[78][79][80] Throughout the election various polls had shown the political honesty issue to be low on the list of priorities for voters. Post-media conducted a survey that found health care, the economy, taxes and jobs all more important to Canadians. Further, half of voters identified Harper as the best suited to be Prime Minister followed by Layton with one third support and Ignatieff with less than twenty percent support. On the question of a hidden agenda, Ignatieff is viewed by three times more of those polled to have a hidden agenda than Harper.[81]

Political financing

Conservatives pledged to phase-out per-vote subsidy over two years, with its eventual cancellation.[71]

Elimination of the Senate

Stephen Harper promised Senate reform although he stated he will not open the constitution to do so.[82] The NDP pledged to abolish the Senate, stating it is a waste of tax payer dollars, and a form of patronage.[50]

General

Possible left-wing coalition

The Conservatives asserted that the Liberals would form a coalition with the more left-leaning NDP and Bloc Québécois, despite repeated claims by the Liberals and NDP to the contrary[citation needed].

Promised government programs

Newfoundland dam and Quebec's HST

Conservatives, New Democrats and Liberals promised $4.2 billion in loan guarantees to support the Lower Churchill River power project.[83] Due to outcry from Quebec over the pledge to provide loan guarantees for the Lower Churchill project, the Conservatives promise Quebec a $2.2 billion transfer to ease the Quebec Sales Tax to Harmonized Sales Tax transition.[84]

Post-secondary education

Liberals promised a "Learning Passport" for high school students seeking post-secondary education.[85] The NDP's plan is to reduce the tuition fees, by increasing transfer payments to the Provinces.

Immigration Fairness Commissioner

Liberals proposed the establishment of an "Immigration Fairness Commissioner" to provide oversight on the entry of immigrants with professional qualifications (doctors, engineers, etc.), and to increase the number of family reunification visas.[86]

Health care

Health care – The NDP pledged to train 1,200 more doctors and 6,000 more nurses.[87][88][89][90][91] All parties promised to continue to increase healthcare transfers to provinces by 6% annually.

Government regulations

Improved internet and usage based billing

The New Democratic Party (NDP) promised a ban on all forms of usage based billing by ISPs, and enshrine net neutrality in law, which would prevent bandwidth throttling. The Liberals promised net neutrality as well as "functional separation" with regards to usage based billing as well as enshrining net neutrality in law, which would prevent bandwidth throttling.[92][93] Almost all of the established parties, with the exception of the Conservatives, outlined polices that they claim will improve Canadian Internet access.[94]

Cap on credit card interest rates

The NDP promised to cap credit card rates at five percentage points above the Bank of Canada's prime interest rate.[95]

Election campaign

Controversies and gaffes

A number of controversies took place during the election campaign.

Leaders' debates

The English- and French-language debates took place on April 12 and 13 respectively.[96][97]

On March 29, the consortium of broadcasters playing host to the debates (the CBC, CTV, Global, Radio-Canada and TVA) announced that it would only invite the leaders of the four recognized parties in the House of Commons, namely, the Conservative Party, the Liberal Party, the Bloc Québécois and the New Democratic (NDP). Therefore the Green Party was excluded, despite earning 6.8 per cent of the popular vote in the 2008 federal election.[98][99][100][101]

On March 30, Stephen Harper challenged Michael Ignatieff to a one-on-one televised debate.[102] Although Ignatieff accepted the challenge, this was opposed by the other opposition parties. The idea was later rejected by the broadcast consortium and cancelled.

On April 1, comedian Rick Mercer suggested over Twitter hosting a one-on-one debate between Stephen Harper and Michael Ignatieff at Toronto's Massey Hall. He later added he would donate $50,000 to the charities of their choosing if they were willing to participate. Ignatieff immediately accepted the challenge and named the Alzheimer Society as his charity of choice, as his mother succumbed to Alzheimer's disease in 1992. Harper did not respond to the challenge.[103]

In an interview with The Globe and Mail published on April 1, Troy Reeb, the broadcast consortium chairman, discussed the process behind setting up the leaders' debates and the rationale for various decisions made, including the decision to exclude the Green Party's leader Elizabeth May.[104]

On April 5, the Federal Court rejected the Green Party's request for an expedited hearing on the matter prior to the scheduled debates.[105]

On April 10, the date of the French leaders debate was changed from April 14 to April 13 due to worries of broadcasting conflicts with the NHL playoffs scheduled for April 14.[106] Also on April 10, Elizabeth May participated in a panel interview on CHCH-TV in Hamilton, which she was invited to attend, as were the leaders of the Bloc, Liberals, New Democrats and Conservatives, by Channel Zero, whose president was disappointed by May's exclusion from the leaders' debates.[107]

Small parties public forum

A joint press conference and public forum was staged by 11 of the 18 registered parties and one unregistered party on April 23, 2011, at York University. Forum organizers invited the leaders from all registered political parties who do not have seats in parliament.[108] Parties were able to explain their platforms and responded to questions from the audience. As a forum, the goal was an inter-party discussion of major issues, however some debate did occur.

Participants in the forum were the Animal Alliance Environmental Voters, the Canadian Action Party, the Christian Heritage Party, the Communist Party, the First Peoples National, the Libertarian Party, the Marijuana Party, the Marxist-Leninist Party, the Rhinoceros Party, and the Pirate Party.

Green Party Leader Elizabeth May refused to participate in the forum claiming they are not one of "the small, fringe parties."[109]

Opinion polls

2011FederalElectionPolls.png

New Democratic Party surge

In the week before the leaders debate, on April 8, a poll showed the New Democratic Party (NDP) support at 13.2%.[110][111] A reversal of fortune began on April 16, when an Angus Reid poll indicated a tie in support for the NDP and the Liberals, both polling at 25%.[112][113][114] The New Democrats' poll numbers then moved significantly ahead of the Liberals and slightly or moderately behind the Conservatives.[115][116][117]

The surge began in Quebec, with the NDP surprising many observers by surpassing the previously front-running Bloc in Quebec. In the entirety of Canada, the NDP surged past the Liberals to take the second place behind the Conservatives; in Quebec, the NDP took first place.[118][119] The NDP surge became the dominant narrative of the last week of the campaign, as other parties turned their attacks on the party.[120] Ruth Ellen Brosseau, the NDP candidate in Berthier—Maskinongé, won despite not running a campaign and having a holiday in Las Vegas.[23] The NDP's rise in popularity was nicknamed "Orange Crush", an allusion to the soft drink with the same name and the party's colour.[121]

Spending limits

The calculation for a party's spending limit is based on the number of candidates a party is running and the number of voters in each riding where there is a candidate.[122] Parties are allowed to spend 70 cents for each one of those voters.[122] Local candidates were allowed to spend $2.07 for each of the first 15,000 electors, $1.04 for each of the next 10,000 and 52 cents for the remaining electors.[122]

The parties with the highest spending limits were:

Party Limit Source
Liberal Party $21,025,793.23 [122]
New Democratic Party $21,025,793.23
Conservative Party $20,995,088.91
Green Party $20,764,344.60
Bloc Québécois $5,737,817.88

The parties with the lowest spending limits were:

Party Limit Source
Animal Alliance Environment Voters $467,969.04 [122]
Marijuana Party $339,676.42
Western Block Party $333,954.75
United Party $241,406.53
First Peoples National Party $62,702.06

Endorsements

Most major newspapers endorsed the Conservatives, and none solely endorsed the Liberals or Greens. However Canada's highest circulated newspaper, the Toronto Star, advised to vote against the Conservatives.

Candidates by party

Articles on parties' candidates for the 41st election:

See also

Portal icon Canadian politics portal

Notes

  1. ^ The only NDP candidates elected in Quebec before 2011 were Thomas Mulcair and Phil Edmonston, the latter in a 1990 by-election.
  2. ^ The previous lowest seat total for the Liberals was 40 in the 1984 election.

References

  1. ^ a b [1]
  2. ^ "Canada's government survives non-confidence motion | Canada | Reuters". Ca.reuters.com. 2009-10-01. http://ca.reuters.com/article/domesticNews/idCATRE58T4BE20091001. Retrieved 2010-04-28. 
  3. ^ Ignatieff closing in on Dion territory National Post:November 14, 2009
  4. ^ "Canada Elections Act Charges Laid" (Press release). Elections Canada. February 25, 2011. http://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=abo&dir=com/stat&document=index&lang=e. Retrieved April 27, 2011. 
  5. ^ Akin, David (February 25, 2011). "PM shrugs off charges against Tories". Lfpress.com. http://www.lfpress.com/news/canada/2011/02/24/17401196.html. Retrieved April 17, 2011. 
  6. ^ Bruce Cheadle (February 28, 2011). "Tory election allegations 'illegal' not administrative, prosecutor says". The Globe and Mail. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/tory-election-allegations-illegal-not-administrative-prosecutor-says/article1924161/. Retrieved April 17, 2011. 
  7. ^ "Bloc threatens to vote against budget". Macleans.ca. January 12, 2011. http://www2.macleans.ca/2011/01/12/bloc-threatens-to-vote-against-budget/. Retrieved April 18, 2011. 
  8. ^ Laura Payton (March 9, 2011). "PM on rulings: 'win some, lose some'". CBC News. http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/story/2011/03/09/pol-speaker-rulings.html. Retrieved March 26, 2011. 
  9. ^ a b "MPs' report finds government in contempt". CBC News. March 21, 2011. http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/story/2011/03/21/pol-privilege-contempt.html. Retrieved March 24, 2011. 
  10. ^ "Question of Privilege Relating to the Failure of the Government To Fully Provide the Documents as Ordered by the House: Report of the Standing Committee on Procedure and House Affairs". March 2011. http://www2.parl.gc.ca/content/hoc/Committee/403/PROC/Reports/RP5047570/procrp27/procrp27-e.pdf. Retrieved April 26, 2011. 
  11. ^ Government of Canada (March 25, 2011). 40th Parliament, 3rd Session, Friday, March 25, 2011. Parlement of Canada. http://www.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?Language=E&Mode=1&Parl=40&Ses=3&DocId=5072532#SOBQ-3827544. Retrieved May 1, 2011. 
  12. ^ Stephanie Levitz and Martin O'Hanlon, The Canadian Press: (March 23, 2011). "Harper government set to fall Friday, setting stage for vote in early May". Globaltvcalgary.com. http://www.globaltvcalgary.com/personalities/Liberals+introduce+confidence+motion/4489986/story.html. Retrieved April 13, 2011. 
  13. ^ a b Bruce Cheadle (March 25, 2011). "Harper government topples on contempt motion, triggering May election". The Canadian Press; CTV news. http://winnipeg.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20110325/wpg_election_110325/20110325/?hub=WinnipegHome. Retrieved March 25, 2011. 
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