Ophiocordyceps

Ophiocordyceps
Ophiocordyceps
Dead ants infected with Ophiocordyceps unilateralis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Sordariomycetes
Order: Hypocreales
Family: Ophiocordycipitaceae
Genus: Ophiocordyceps
Petch (1931)
Type species
Ophiocordyceps blattae
(Petch) Petch (1931)
Synonyms[1]

Cordycepioideus Stifler (1941)

Ophiocordyceps is a genus of fungi within the Ophiocordycipitaceae family.[2] The widespread genus, first described scientifically by British mycologist Tom Petch in 1931,[3] contains about 140 species that grow on insects.[4] Anamorphic genera that correspond with Ophiocordyceps species are Hirsutella, Hymenostilbe, Paraisaria, and Syngliocladium.[5]

The fungus Ophiocordyceps unilateralis is known for its parasitism on ants, in which it alters the behavior of the ants in such a way as to propagate itself more effectively.[6] The fungus attacks the brain of the ant, causing it to abandon its colony. The ant then bites into the fleshy part of a leaf and stays locked in that position until it dies. The fungus is then able to spread from the ant's body to the leaf in order to repeat the cycle.[7]

Species

  • Ophiocordyceps acicularis
  • Ophiocordyceps agriotidis
  • Ophiocordyceps ainictos
  • Ophiocordyceps amazonica
  • Ophiocordyceps amazonica var. neoamazonica
  • Ophiocordyceps aphodii
  • Ophiocordyceps appendiculata
  • Ophiocordyceps arachneicola
  • Ophiocordyceps arbuscula
  • Ophiocordyceps armeniaca
  • Ophiocordyceps asyuënsis
  • Ophiocordyceps aurantia
  • Ophiocordyceps australis
  • Ophiocordyceps barnesii
  • Ophiocordyceps bicephala
  • Ophiocordyceps brunneipunctata
  • Ophiocordyceps bispora
  • Ophiocordyceps blattae
  • Ophiocordyceps caloceroides
  • Ophiocordyceps cantharelloides
  • Ophiocordyceps carabidicola
  • Ophiocordyceps cicadicola
  • Ophiocordyceps clavata
  • Ophiocordyceps clavulata
  • Ophiocordyceps coccidiicola
  • Ophiocordyceps coccigena
  • Ophiocordyceps cochlidiicola
  • Ophiocordyceps communis
  • Ophiocordyceps corallomyces
  • Ophiocordyceps crassispora
  • Ophiocordyceps crinalis
  • Ophiocordyceps cuboidea
  • Ophiocordyceps cucumispora
  • Ophiocordyceps cucumispora var. dolichoderi
  • Ophiocordyceps curculionum
  • Ophiocordyceps cylindrostromata
  • Ophiocordyceps dayiensis
  • Ophiocordyceps dermapterigena
  • Ophiocordyceps dipterigena
  • Ophiocordyceps discoideicapitata
  • Ophiocordyceps ditmarii
  • Ophiocordyceps dovei
  • Ophiocordyceps elateridicola
  • Ophiocordyceps elongata
  • Ophiocordyceps elongatiperitheciata
  • Ophiocordyceps elongatistromata
  • Ophiocordyceps emeiensis
  • Ophiocordyceps engleriana
  • Ophiocordyceps entomorrhiza
  • Ophiocordyceps evdogeorgiae
  • Ophiocordyceps falcata
  • Ophiocordyceps falcatoides
  • Ophiocordyceps fasciculatistromata
  • Ophiocordyceps ferruginosa
  • Ophiocordyceps filiformis
  • Ophiocordyceps formicarum
  • Ophiocordyceps forquignonii
  • Ophiocordyceps furcicaudata
  • Ophiocordyceps gansuënsis
  • Ophiocordyceps geniculata
  • Ophiocordyceps gentilis
  • Ophiocordyceps glaziovii
  • Ophiocordyceps goniophora
  • Ophiocordyceps gracilioides
  • Ophiocordyceps gracilis
  • Ophiocordyceps gryllotalpae
  • Ophiocordyceps halabalaensis
  • Ophiocordyceps heteropoda
  • Ophiocordyceps hirsutellae
  • Ophiocordyceps hiugensis
  • Ophiocordyceps huberiana
  • Ophiocordyceps humbertii
  • Ophiocordyceps insignis
  • Ophiocordyceps irangiensis
  • Ophiocordyceps japonensis
  • Ophiocordyceps jiangxiensis
  • Ophiocordyceps jinggangshanensis
  • Ophiocordyceps kangdingensis
  • Ophiocordyceps kniphofioides
  • Ophiocordyceps kniphofioides var. dolichoderi
  • Ophiocordyceps kniphofioides var. monacidis
  • Ophiocordyceps kniphofioides var. ponerinarum
  • Ophiocordyceps koningsbergeri
  • Ophiocordyceps konnoana
  • Ophiocordyceps lachnopoda
  • Ophiocordyceps laojunshanensis
  • Ophiocordyceps larvarum
  • Ophiocordyceps larvicola
  • Ophiocordyceps lloydii
  • Ophiocordyceps lloydii var. binata
  • Ophiocordyceps longissima
  • Ophiocordyceps lutea
  • Ophiocordyceps macularis
  • Ophiocordyceps melolonthae
  • Ophiocordyceps melolonthae var. rickii
  • Ophiocordyceps michiganensis
  • Ophiocordyceps minutissima
  • Ophiocordyceps monticola
  • Ophiocordyceps mrciensis
  • Ophiocordyceps multiaxialis
  • Ophiocordyceps myrmecophila
  • Ophiocordyceps neovolkiana
  • Ophiocordyceps nepalensis
  • Ophiocordyceps nigra
  • Ophiocordyceps nigrella
  • Ophiocordyceps nigripes
  • Ophiocordyceps nutans
  • Ophiocordyceps obtusa
  • Ophiocordyceps octospora
  • Ophiocordyceps odonatae
  • Ophiocordyceps osuzumontana
  • Ophiocordyceps owariensis
  • Ophiocordyceps owariensis f. viridescens
  • Ophiocordyceps oxycephala
  • Ophiocordyceps paludosa
  • Ophiocordyceps paracuboidea
  • Ophiocordyceps pentatomae
  • Ophiocordyceps petchii
  • Ophiocordyceps proliferans
  • Ophiocordyceps prolifica
  • Ophiocordyceps pruinosa
  • Ophiocordyceps pseudolloydii
  • Ophiocordyceps pseudolongissima
  • Ophiocordyceps pulvinata
  • Ophiocordyceps purpureostromata
  • Ophiocordyceps purpureostromata f. recurvata
  • Ophiocordyceps ravenelii
  • Ophiocordyceps rhizoidea
  • Ophiocordyceps ridleyi
  • Ophiocordyceps robertsii
  • Ophiocordyceps rubripunctata
  • Ophiocordyceps rubiginosiperitheciata
  • Ophiocordyceps ryogamiensis
  • Ophiocordyceps salebrosa
  • Ophiocordyceps scottiana
  • Ophiocordyceps selkirkii
  • Ophiocordyceps sichuanensis
  • Ophiocordyceps smithii
  • Ophiocordyceps sobolifera
  • Ophiocordyceps sinensis
  • Ophiocordyceps sphecocephala
  • Ophiocordyceps stipillata
  • Ophiocordyceps stylophora
  • Ophiocordyceps subflavida
  • Ophiocordyceps subunilateralis
  • Ophiocordyceps superficialis
  • Ophiocordyceps superficialis f. crustacea
  • Ophiocordyceps takaoënsis
  • Ophiocordyceps taylorii
  • Ophiocordyceps thyrsoides
  • Ophiocordyceps tricentri
  • Ophiocordyceps truncata
  • Ophiocordyceps uchiyamae
  • Ophiocordyceps unilateralis
  • Ophiocordyceps unilateralis var. clavata
  • Ophiocordyceps variabilis
  • Ophiocordyceps voeltzkowii
  • Ophiocordyceps volkiana
  • Ophiocordyceps wuyishanensis
  • Ophiocordyceps yakusimensis
  • Ophiocordyceps zhangjiajiensis

References

  1. ^ "Ophiocordyceps Petch 1931". MycoBank. Internationaol Mycological Association. http://www.mycobank.org/MycoTaxo.aspx?Link=T&Rec=3598. Retrieved 2011-07-19. 
  2. ^ Lumbsch TH, Huhndorf SM. (December 2007). "Outline of Ascomycota – 2007". Myconet (The Field Museum, Department of Botany, Chicago, USA) 13: 1–58. http://www.fieldmuseum.org/myconet/outline.asp. 
  3. ^ Petch T. (1931). "Notes on entomogenous fungi". Transactions of the British Mycological Society 16 (1): 55–75. doi:10.1016/S0007-1536(31)80006-3. http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59351/0016/001/0055.htm. 
  4. ^ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CABI. p. 483. ISBN 9780851998268. 
  5. ^ Sung G-H, Hywel-Jones NL, Sung J-M, Luangsa-ard JJ, Shrestha B, Spatafora JW. (2007). "Phylogenetic classification of Cordyceps and the clavicipitaceous fungi". Studies in Mycology 57: 5–59. doi:10.3114/sim.2007.57.01. 
  6. ^ Pontoppidan M-B, Himaman W, Hywel-Jones NL, Boomsma JJ, Hughes DP. (2009). "Graveyards on the move: the spatio-temporal distribution of dead Orphiocordyceps-infected ants". PLoS ONE 4 (3): e4835. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0004835. PMC 2652714. PMID 19279680. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2652714. 
  7. ^ In Fossilized Leaf, Clues to a Zombie Ant, by Sindya N Bhanoo New York Times 24 August, 2010

External links



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