Operation Seek and Keep

Operation Seek and Keep was a year-long United States Immigration and Naturalization Service (now the Department of Homeland Security) covert investigation that in 1998 resulted in the breaking of an international alien smuggling and money-laundering ring that brought in an estimated 12,000 illegal aliens from India and elsewhere to the United States. It was particularly notable for being the first-ever INS-led wire tap case resulting in a successful criminal prosecution,^[1] and for being the first time federal prosecutors used money-laundering and racketeering statutes to smash an alien smuggling operation and seize its assets.^[1] Then-U.S. Attorney General Janet Reno called it, "the largest alien smuggling organization ever dismantled in United States history."^[2]

Tracking the Smuggling Ring

Officials said the smuggling operation, which was loosely made up of three different cartels, smuggled mostly Indian nationals from India to Moscow, where connecting flights allowed aliens to travel to Cuba.^[3][4] The organization also smuggled aliens who were nationals of Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Syria.^[5] From Cuba aliens would then either fly or travel by boat to the Miami area or travel across the Mexican border into Texas.^[6]

U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service map of alien smuggling routes broken by Operation "Seek and Keep" in 1998. The cartel moved aliens from India through Moscow and on to Cuba, from where the aliens were transported by sea or traveled by land into the U.S.

Once in the U.S., the immigrants were kept in stash houses where they were kept under lock and key,^[7][8] until their families or prospective employers paid their smuggling fee.^[2] The alien smuggling fees were primarily paid to a U.S.-based hawaladar who then contacted hawaladars in India, who then made the necessary arrangements with alien smugglers there.^[9] The smuggling cartel transported aliens at a cost of $20,000 per alien, generating more than $200 million in proceeds over a 3-year period.^[10]

According to INS officials, INS agents based in Texas first became aware of the operation in 1995, when they discovered a commercial pilot in Texas was making frequent flights from Dallas to the Texas/Mexico border, and became aware that an Indian smuggling ring was working into Texas through Mexico and Central America.^[11] In 1997, after a former smuggler contacted an INS agent in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, and became an informant, authorities learned the operation was using multiple routes.^[7] After further investigation, the case became a formal operation within INS and the Department of Justice, and was pursued as a racketeering and money-laundering case. The operation was also allowed to begin using new wire-tapping authority given to it by Congress, which led to over 35,000 calls by the smuggling operation to be intercepted.^[12][13]

Breaking the Cartel

In November 1998, twenty-one people were taken into custody in a series of raids in several states, the Bahamas, Puerto Rico and Ecuador.^[8] Two of the ringleaders were arrested, including Nick Diaz, also known as Nitin Shettie.^[2] Diaz was arrested in a raid in the Bahamas on November 14, 1998, and after his arrest by Bahamian authorities he was then taken into U.S. custody.^[11][14] The raid in the Bahamas detained dozens of Indian citizens waiting to make the last leg of the trip to the United States. An INS videotape showed Diaz being taken into custody, the Indian nationals who were being smuggled, and documents including piles of airline tickets used by the Indians to fly to the Caribbean via Moscow.^[15]

A federal grand jury in Dallas, where the investigation began, charged Shettie and 30 others in three sealed indictments that contained nearly 60 immigration and money-laundering counts.^[7] Eighteen alien smugglers accepted guilty pleas.^[16]

Then-INS Commissioner Doris Meissner hailed the success of the operation, saying, "Cracking a multimillion-dollar alien smuggling ring whose operations spanned four continents is an impressive achievement that underscores INS' commitment to defending the integrity of this nation's immigration laws ... we have disrupted and dismantled a major criminal enterprise."^[17]

Agent A.J. Irwin, right, questions Nick Diaz upon recognizing him as the head of an alien smuggling cartel, after Diaz was taken into U.S. custody following a 1998 raid in the Bahamas. Then-U.S. Attorney General Janet Reno called the smashing of the cartel "the largest alien smuggling ring ever dismantled in United States history." (From INS Video)

Groundbreaking Operation

Operation Seek and Keep was the first investigation authorized to use wiretapping technology in an illegal immigrant smuggling case, as approved by the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996,^[1] The INS used the new authority to intercept electronic communications, monitoring 35,000-plus calls. Also, for the first time, federal prosecutors used money-laundering statutes to smash an alien smuggling operation and seize assets.^[3]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c} Statement of Louis F. Nardi, INS Director Smuggling/Criminal Organizations Branch, to House Judiciary Committee, March 18, 1999
2. ^ ^{a b c} "U.S. Breaks a Huge Alien-Smuggling Ring" by David E. Rosenbaum, The New York Times, Nov 21, 1998
3. ^ ^{a b} "Smashing a Smuggling Ring" by Michelle Mittelstadt, The Associated Press, November 20, 1998
4. ^ "INS Dismantles Flesh Cartel People Smuggling Ring," CNN.com, November 20, 1998
5. ^ "Indian Human Smuggling Ring Busted in America" by Chidanand Rajghatta, The Indian Express November 22, 1998
6. ^ United States v. Nitin Shettie grand jury indictment, U.S. District Court Northern District of Texas, p. 1, November 10, 1998
7. ^ ^{a b c} "Largest Illegal Immigrant Smuggling Operation Busted" by Katrina Jones, University of Pennsylvania
8. ^ ^{a b} "Biggest U.S. Human Smuggling Ring Busted" by Vanessa Blum, The Chicago Tribune, Saturday, November 21, 1998
9. ^ 1998 International Narcotics Control Strategy Report, Bureau for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, United States Department of State February 26, 1999
10. ^ GAO Report to Congress, "Alien Smuggling: Management and Operational Improvements Needed to Address Growing Problem." May 2000.
11. ^ ^{a b} "Breaking a Smuggling Cartel: A Timeline of Operation Seek and Keep," ABCNews.com, July 7, 1999
12. ^ "Networks and Netwars: The Future of Terror, Crime, and Militancy," by John Arquilla and David Ronfeldt (editors), Rand Corporation, 2001, p. 87
13. ^ "Networks and Netwars: The Future of Terror, Crime, and Militancy," by John Arquilla and David Ronfeldt (editors), Rand Corporation, 2001
14. ^ "Smashing a Smuggling Ring" ABCNews.com, July 7, 1999
15. ^ "U.S. Busts Ring Smuggling Indians Via Moscow, Cuba" by Anthony Boadle, Reuters, November 21, 1998
16. ^ U.S. Department of Justice, Fiscal Year 1999 Annual Accountability Report, March 31, 2000
17. ^ "U.S. Officials Smash Alien Smuggling Ring," LubbockOnline.com, November 21, 1998

External links

• U.S. Department of Justice
• U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) of the DHS
• U.S. Attorney's Office, North District of Texas