Nicholas John Hannen

Sir Nicholas Hannen was a British barrister, diplomat and judge who served in China and Japan. He was the Chief Justice of the British Supreme Court for China and Japan from 1891 to 1900 and also served concurrently as Consul-General in Shanghai from 1891 to 1897. He was judge of the British Court for Japan from 1881 to 1891. He was the brother of James Hannen a noted British judge of the 19th Century. His son, Nicholas "Beau" Hannen was a famous actor of the early and mid 20th Century.

Early life

Hannen was born on 24 August 1842. He was the 6th son of James Hannen of Kingswood, Dulwich. He was educated at the City of London School and University College London where he obtained a BA in 1862 with honours in logic and moral philosophy. He was called to the Bar at the Inner Temple in 1866. Soon after qualifying as a barrister, in 1868 Hannen moved to Shanghai to commence practice as a barrister. He married in 1869 to Jessie Woodhouse, the daughter of James Woodhouse of Henley-on-Thames.^[1]

Career

Hannen held the following appointments in China and Japan:

• Assistant Judge of the British Supreme Court for China and Japan based in Yokokama (1871 to 1874)
• Crown Advocate, Shanghai (1878 to 1881)
• Judge of the British Court for Japan (1881 to 1891)
• Acting Chief Justice of the British Supreme Court for China and Japan (1881 to 1883)
• Chief Justice of the British Supreme Court for China and Japan (1891 to 1900)
• British Consul-General, Shanghai (1891 to 1897)

From 1871 to 1874 he was appointed Acting Assistant Judge of the British Supreme Court for China and Japan and was based in Yokohama^[2]. Following this, he returned to Shanghai to private practice. In 1878 he was appointed Crown Advocate of the Supreme Court, a position akin to that of a colonial attorney general^[3]. The Crown Advocate was allowed to accept cases from private clients that did not affect their duties as Crown Advocate.

In 1881, he was appointed as Judge for the British Court for Japan in Yokohama^[4]. Before taking up the appointment, he acted as Chief Justice of the British Supreme Court for China and Japan for more than one year until the new Chief Justice, Sir Richard Rennie, returned from long leave to take up the post^[5].

In 1891, on Rennie's retirement, he was appointed as Chief Justice of the British Supreme Court for China and Japan and Consul-General in Shanghai^[6]. This appointment was the first and only time the Chief Justice also served as Consul-General. There was much opposition from foreign residents in China to the amalgamation of the positions. The opposition was not based on Hannen's ability but rather that it was inappropriate for one man to hold a judicial and diplomatic position at the same time^[7]. The position of Chief Justice and Consul General were separated in 1897 and Hannen continued as Chief Justice^[8]. George Jamieson who had been Assistant Judge and Consul was appointed Consul-General. Frederick Bourne took over the position of Assistant Judge.

Hannen was knighted on July 18, 1895 at Windsor Castle^[9] and received the Jubilee Medal in 1897.

Untimely Death

Hannen was due to retire in May 1900. He died of heart failure brought on by an attack of pneumonia on 27 April 1900, 2 weeks before his departure from Shanghai for the town of Wargrave, near London^[10]. Funeral services were conducted for Hannen in Shanghai. He was cremated and his ashes taken back to England. In 1907 his ashes were lodged in the Hannen Columbarium that had been built by the Hannen family in the churchyard of St Mary's Church in Wargrave^[11]

Hannen successor as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court was Hiram Shaw Wilkinson, then judge of the British Court for Japan who had also succeeded Hannen as Crown Advocate in 1881.

References

1. ^ Obituary, North China Herald, 2 May 1900, p 766
2. ^ North China Herald, 15 February 1871, p98
3. ^ London and China Telegraph 9 December 1878, p1045
4. ^ London Gazette, 10 January 1882, p93
5. ^ North China Herald, 1 November 1881, p 451 and Straits Times, 8 January 1883, p2
6. ^ North China Herald, 20 February 1891, p189
7. ^ North China Herald, 13 March 1891 p305
8. ^ Hansard, 10 August 1898, Appropriation Bill Debate
9. ^ Edinburgh Gazette, 6 August 1895, p1147
10. ^ Obituary, North China Herald, 2 May 1900 p766
11. ^ Description of the Hannen Mausoleum on the Mausolea & Monuments Trust website www.mausolea-monuments.org.uk.

Persondata
Name	Hannen, Nicholas John
Alternative names
Short description	Chief Justice of the British Supreme Court for China and Japan
Date of birth	24 August 1842
Place of birth	England
Date of death	27 April 1900
Place of death	Shanghai, China