List of people considered father or mother of a field

List of people considered father or mother of a field

The following is a list of significant men and women known for being the father, mother, or considered the founders mostly in Western socities in a field, listed by category. In most non-science fields, the title of being the "father" is debatable.

Contents

Church

Games

Subject Father/Mother Reason
Miniature wargaming H.G. Wells[1]
Modern video game Shigeru Miyamoto[2] Creator of many successful Nintendo franchises
PlayStation Ken Kutaragi[3][4] Creator of the Sony PlayStation consoles, including the best-selling console of all time.
Role-playing game Gary Gygax[5] Creator of Dungeons & Dragons
Stealth game Hideo Kojima[6] Creator of the Metal Gear stealth-action games
Video game Ralph H. Baer[7] Inventor of the video game console
Wargaming Charles S. Roberts[8]

Humanities

Military

Subject Father/Mother Reason
Aerial warfare Oswald Boelcke[9] The first to formalize rules of air fighting, which he presented as the Dicta Boelcke, also credited as being the first pilot to shoot down an aircraft.
Atomic bomb Robert Oppenheimer[10]
Leó Szilárd[11]
Enrico Fermi[12]
Blitzkrieg Heinz Guderian[13][14]
The West's Hydrogen bomb Edward Teller[15]
Atomic submarine and "nuclear navy" Hyman G. Rickover[16][17][18]
Fourth Generation Warfare William S. Lind[citation needed]
French sailing navy Jean-Baptiste Colbert[19] Built on the fleet of France inherited from Cardinal Richelieu.
Naval Special Warfare Phil H. Bucklew[20] US Naval Officer and First Commanding Officer of Navy SEAL Team One
Naval tactical studies Paul Hoste[21] Jesuit Professor of Mathematics at the Royal College of the Marine in Toulon; wrote L'Art des Armées Navales (1697)
Luftwaffe and Luftstreitkräfte Oswald Boelcke[22]
The Soviet Union's Hydrogen Bomb Andrei Sakharov[23]
United States Airborne William C. Lee[24] First commander of the parachute school at Fort Benning, Georgia.
United States Cavalry Kazimierz Pułaski[25] Brigadier-general and commander of the cavalry of the Continental Army (1770s).
United States Navy Commodore John Barry[26]
Captain John Paul Jones[27]

Nations

Natural and social sciences

Sports

Subject Father/Mother Reason
American football Walter Camp[28]
American motocross Edison Dye[29] Introduced motorcross to American riders.
American road racing Cameron Argetsinger[30] Introduced the first US auto race that was dedicated to road courses at Watkins Glen.
American soccer Steve Ross[31] Godfather, created the New York Cosmos soccer team and imported a number of well known international footballers to the team in an attempt to bring interest to soccer in the US.
Angling Izaak Walton[32] Author of The Compleat Angler.
Argentine football Alexander Watson Hutton[33]
Argentine professional golf José Jurado[34]
Argentine winter sports Otto Meiling[35]
Association football Ebenezer Cobb Morley[36]
Baseball Henry Chadwick[37][38][39][40]
Basketball James Naismith Left many diaries and interviews that explain how and when he created basketball.
BMX Scot Breithaupt[41]
Brazilian football Charles William Miller[42]
Camel Lights Jim Downing Built a racecar a season before it became the basis of a new lightweight prototype class in

1985.[43]

Canadian rodeo O. Raymond Knight[44] Coined the rodeo term "stampede" and was world's first rodeo producer, rodeo stock contractor, and rodeo champion in 1902.
Drag racing Wally Parks[45] Founder of the NHRA and organized the first legitimate drag race.
Don Garlits[46] Considered to be one of the innovators of drag racing safety.
Eddie Hill[47] Regarded as the forefather of drag racing.
Drifting Kunimitsu Takahashi[48] Introduced an aggressive high speed cornering technique that became widely used for illicit purposes which eventually became a sport.
East Coast skateboarding Vinny Raffa[49]
Florida skateboarding Bruce Walker[50]
Freestyle BMX Bob Haro[51][52]
Freestyle Motocross Mike Metzger[53] Godfather.
Funny Car Dick Landy[54]
Italian football James Richardson Spensley[55] Given due to his association with Genoa CFC and his contribution to the modern day variation of the game in Italy.
William Garbutt[56] Laying the foundations of skilled coaching in Italian football.
Japanese baseball Horace Wilson[57] Credited for introducing baseball in Japan.
Hiroshi Hiraoka[58] Credited for establishing the first baseball team.
Jogging Jim Fixx[59] Founding father.
Kart racing Art Ingels[60] Developed the world's first kart (1956).
Lacrosse William George Beers[61][62][63][64] Codified the sport.
Mixed martial arts Bruce Lee[65] Called so by Dana White, president of the Ultimate Fighting Championship. For his experimentation into other styles and invention of Jeet Kune Do.
Modern bodybuilding Eugen Sandow[66]
Harold Zinkin[67] Called so by Arnold Schwarzenegger during a press statement on his passing in 2004. Inventor of the modern exercise machines.
Modern boxing James Figg[68]
James J. Corbett[citation needed]
Modern figure skating Jackson Haines[69]
Modern sabre fencing Italo Santelli[70]
Modern surfing Duke Kahanamoku[71]
NASCAR Bill France, Sr.[72] Foundation of the sanctioning body for stock car racing.
Rugby union A. G. Guillemard[73]
William Webb Ellis[74] "Who with a fine disregard for the rules of football as played in his time first took the ball in his arms and ran with it thus originating the distinctive feature of the rugby game".
Scuba diving Jacques Cousteau[75] Developed the aqua-lung jointly with Émile Gagnan; popularized scuba diving as a research diver, writer, and film and television producer and personality.
Skateboarding Skip Engblom[76]
Tony Hawk[77]
Snowboarding Jake Burton Carpenter[78]
Supercross Mike Goodwin[79] Organized the first supercross race.
Televised golf Frank Chirkinian[80][81] Personally responsible for much of the production conventions of modern golf broadcasting.
The Football Association Ebenezer Cobb Morley[36] Founder.

Technology

Fields

Subject Father/Mother Reason
Aerodynamics (modern) Sir George Cayley [82][83] Founding father of modern Aerodynamics. The first to identify the four aerodynamic forces of flight—weight, lift, drag, and thrust. Modern airplane design is based on those discoveries.
Architecture Imhotep[84] Built the first pyramid
Astronautics Konstantin Tsiolkovsky[85]

Robert H. Goddard[86]
Hermann Oberth[87]

Aviation Father Francesco Lana-Terzi[88] Book: Prodromo alla Arte Maestra (1670). First to describe the geometry and physics of a flying vessel.
British watchmaking Thomas Tompion[89]
Clinical trials James Lind[90] Conducted the first controlled clinical trial in the modern era of medicine, an investigation on using citrus food as a treatment for scurvy aboard HMS Salisbury in 1747
Computing Charles Babbage[91] Inventor of the Analytical Engine which was never constructed in his lifetime.
Cybernetics Norbert Wiener[92][93]
Modern Bladesmithing William F. Moran Founder of the American Bladesmith Society
Modern Knifemaking Bob Loveless Founder of the Knifemakers' Guild
Photography Louis Daguerre[94]
Nicéphore Niépce[95]
William Henry Fox Talbot[96]
Thomas Wedgwood[97]

Inventions

Subject Father/Mother Reason
Air conditioning Willis Carrier [98]
Chronograph George Graham[89][99] Referred so by Bernard Humbert of the Horology School of Bienne on his 1990 book he Chronograph as Graham was the first to construct a horological mechanism
Compact Disc Kees Immink[100]
Compiler Grace Hopper
Computer Konrad Zuse[101] Invented world's first functional program-controlled computer.
Alan Turing[102][103] Was a secret code breaker during WWII and invented the Turing machine (1936).
John von Neumann[104] Became "intrigued" with Turing's universal machine and later emphasised the importance of the stored-program concept for electronic computing (1945), including the possibility of allowing the machine to modify its own program in useful ways while running.
John V. Atanasoff[105] Invented the digital computer in the 1930s
Computer Program Ada Lovelace[106] Recognized by historians as the writer of the world's first computer program which was for the Charles Babbage Analytical Engine, but was never complete within either her or his lifetime.
Ekranoplan Rostislav Alexeev
Helicopter Igor Sikorsky [107] Invented the first successful helicopter, upon which further designs were based.
Internet Vint Cerf[108][109]
Bob Kahn[110]
[111]
Co-invented Internet protocol (IP) and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) in 1973, the two original protocols of the Internet protocol suite.[112]
Instant noodle Momofuku Ando[113] Inventor of the instant noodle, also founder of Nissin Foods to produce and market them.
Japanese television Kenjiro Takayanagi[114][115]
Jet engine Frank Whittle[116][117]
Karaoke Daisuke Inoue[118] Inventor of the machine as a means of allowing people to sing without the need of a live back-up.
Laser Charles Hard Townes
Lightning prediction system Alexander Stepanovich Popov The first lightning prediction system, the Lightning detector, was invented in 1894 by Alexander Stepanovich Popov.
Marine chronometer John Harrison[119]
Microprocessor Marcian Hoff[120]
Masatoshi Shima[121]
Mobile phone Martin Cooper[122] He is the main brainchild of hand-held phone and with the help of Motorola team he developed the first handset in 1973 weighing in at two kilos.
Pentium microprocessor Vinod Dham[123][124] The original Pentium (P5) was developed by a team of engineers, including John H. Crawford, chief architect of the original 386,[125] and Donald Alpert, who managed the architectural team. Dror Avnon managed the design of the FPU.[126] Dham was general manager of the P5 group.[127] Some media sources have called him the "father of the Pentium".
Personal computer Chuck Peddle[128] Developed the 6502 microprocessor, the KIM-1 and the Commodore PET
Henry Edward "Ed" Roberts[129]
André Truong Trong Thi[130]
Programmable logic controller Dick Morley[citation needed]
Radio Alexander Stepanovich Popov [131]
Lee De Forest[132][133][134]
Guglielmo Marconi[135]
Jagdish Chandra Bose[136]
Nikola Tesla[137]
The research of these pioneers led to the development of the radio
Radio (Radio broadcasting) Reginald Fessenden[citation needed]
David Sarnoff[citation needed]
Fessenden is credited as the first to broadcast radio signals on Christmas Eve, 1906. Sarnoff proposed a chain of radio stations to Marconi's associates in 1915.
Radio (FM radio) Edwin H. Armstrong[citation needed] Obtained the first Federal Communications Commission (FCC) license to operate an FM station in Alpine, New Jersey at approximately 50 megahertz (1939)
Radiotelephony Reginald Fessenden[138][139]
Search Engine Alan Emtage[140][141][142] Created Archie, a pre-Web search engine which pioneered many of the techniques used by subsequent search engines
SGML Charles Goldfarb[143]
Telephone Antonio Meucci[144]

Alexander Graham Bell[145]

See Invention of the telephone
Television Philo T. Farnsworth[146]

Vladimir Zworykin[147][148]

John Logie Baird[149][150]

Co-Inventors of the Electronic Television. Farnsworth invented the Image dissector while Zworykin created the Iconoscope, both fully electronic forms of television. Logie Baird invented the world's first working television system, also the first electronic color television system.
Tokamak Lev Artsimovich
Tube structure Fazlur Khan[151] Invented the tube structural system and first employed it in his designs for the DeWitt-Chestnut Apartments, John Hancock Center and Sears Tower.
World Wide Web Tim Berners-Lee[152]
Visual Basic Alan Cooper[153]
XML Jon Bosak[154]

Towns, cities and regions

Subject Father/Mother Reason
British Columbia James Douglas[155] Fur trader and manager for the North West Company and Hudson's Bay Company, Governor of the Colony of Vancouver Island and first Governor of the Colony of British Columbia.
Lan Kwai Fong Allan Zeman[156] Noted for turning a small square of streets in Central, into a thriving bar and night life districts in Hong Kong.

Transport

Subject Father/Mother Reason
20th century American car industry Henry Ford[157] Noted for introducing a simple and affordable car for the ordinary American masses.
American Interstate Highway System Dwight D. Eisenhower[158]
High-performance VW industry Gene Berg[159]
Hot rod Ed Winfield[160]
Import Car Culture RJ DeVera[161] Influential for popularising the import car scene in the mid-1990s.
Kustom Kulture Von Dutch[162]
Monster truck Bob Chandler[163] Famed for building Bigfoot, which was the first to be capable of driving over cars and subsequently became one of the most famous monster truck in history
Mountain bike Gary Fisher[164]
Rotary engine Felix Wankel[165][166]
Route 66 Cyrus Avery[167]
Tailfin Harley Earl[168][169][170]
Traffic safety William Phelps Eno[171]
Yellow school bus Frank W. Cyr[172]

See also

References

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  2. ^ "Nintendo's Shigeru Miyamoto, 'The Father of Modern Video Games,' Receives The Jim". Reuters. 2009-01-15. http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS218035+15-Jan-2009+PRN20090115. 
  3. ^ http://kotaku.com/5820271/the-father-of-the-playstation-and-japans-secret-koreans
  4. ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/click_online/4428626.stm
  5. ^ Rausch, Allen (August 15, 2004). "Gary Gygax Interview - Part I". GameSpy. http://pc.gamespy.com/articles/538/538817p1.html. Retrieved 2005-01-03. 
  6. ^ "Hideo Kojima 'GDC 2009 Keynote' video Part 2 of 4". 1UP.com. March 26, 2009. http://gamevideos.1up.com/video/id/24175. Retrieved 2010-04-01. 
  7. ^ http://www.gamasutra.com/features/20060424/hawkins_01.shtml
  8. ^ "Charles S. Roberts: The Founding Father"
  9. ^ http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=8194
  10. ^ J Robert Oppenheimer
  11. ^ Bernstein, Barton J: "Introduction" to The Voice of the Dolphins and Other Stories (expanded edition), by Leo Szilard. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992, p.5: "Its author, Leo Szilard, now dead nearly three decades, was a Hungarian émigré scientist and one of many putative fathers of the A-bomb."
  12. ^ Lichello, R. (1971). Enrico Fermi: Father of the Atomic Bomb. SamHar Press. ISBN 978-0871570116. http://books.google.com/?id=Xh8eKgAACAAJ&dq=Lichello. 
  13. ^ Chris Trueman. "Heinz Guderian". http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/heinz_guderian.htm. Retrieved 2009-05-26. 
  14. ^ Chris Shimp (March 1, 2001). "General Heinz Guderian: The Father of Blitzkrieg". http://history.sandiego.edu/GEN/st/~cshimp/guderian.htm. Retrieved 2009-05-26. 
  15. ^ "'Father of H-Bomb' Agrees to Rally Scientific Talent." The New York Times, December 31, 1965, p.19. Story opens: "Albany, Dec. 30—Governor Rockefeller will make an intensified attack on air pollution with the help of Dr. Edward Teller, the 'father of the hydrogen bomb.'"
  16. ^ Jeffries, John (2001). Justice Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Fordham Univ Press. ISBN 0-8232-2110-5. , p.162: "'Admiral Rickover', said Powell, '"father of the atomic submarine", is a great naval officer... It is not equally clear that he is a careful and thorough student of American education.'"
  17. ^ "Submarine Range Called Unlimited; Rickover Says Atomic Craft Can Cruise Under Ice To North Pole and Beyond," The New York Times, December 6, 1957, p.33: "The admiral, who is often called the 'Father of the Atomic Submarine'..."
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  33. ^ "32". International Federation of Football History & Statistics. http://www.iffhs.de/?29dad5a85ad4a91b972b9815e85fdcdc3bfcdc0aec28d6eda0a70c. Retrieved November 9, 2011. "Arnoldo Pencliffe Watson Hutton (20.8.1886-29.7.1951), popularly known as "El Fantástico", was the son of Scotsman Alexander (Alejandro) Watson Hutton, who was a football pioneer and is considered the father of Argentine football." 
  34. ^ "Pro Shop & Clubhouse". Algodon Wine Estates. InvestProperty Group, LLC. http://www.algodonwineestates.com/en_US/tourism/golf/proshop/_view/lang=en_US. Retrieved November 9, 2011. "Only at our pro shop can you find unique AWE merchandise, as well as memorabilia of the legends who inspire us; José Jurado, "The Father of Argentine Professional Golf", and José Luis Clerc ("Batata"), one of the most important Argentine tennis players in history." 
  35. ^ Mirodan, Seamus (February 14, 2004). "Nazis' Argentine village hide-out pulls in tourists". The Sunday Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/southamerica/argentina/1454352/Nazis-Argentine-village-hide-out-pulls-in-tourists.html. Retrieved November 9, 2011. "Across the road from Priebke's delicatessen is the Club Andino Bariloche, a mountaineering association set up in 1931 by Otto Meiling, the father of Argentine winter sports and a former member of the Hitler Youth." 
  36. ^ a b http://www.sportsbooks.net/soccer/history.html
  37. ^ "Henry Chadwick, Chad, The Father of Base Ball [sic]"; National Baseball Hall of Fame bio,[1]. Not a player, but a journalist and organizer, the Hall of Fame credits him as "inventor of the box score" and "author of the first rule-book."
  38. ^
  39. ^ "Matty" at Harvard; The New York Times, February 16, 1909, p. 7: "Charles H. Ebbets, Chairman of the Chadwick Monument Committee, has announced that the contract has been awarded for a suitable monument to be placed on the plot in Greenwood[sic] Cemetery where the remains of the late Henry Chadwick, 'the Father of Baseball,' repose."
  40. ^ Collins, Glen (2004): "Ground as Hallowed as Cooperstown," The New York Times, April 1, 2004. (Article on baseball notables interred in the Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn) "Among the nearly 600,000 people buried there are no less than four pioneers who were accorded the title 'Father of Baseball' in the popular press: Henry Chadwick, Duncan Curry, William Tucker and William Wheaton....The memorial for Henry Chadwick bears a 'Father of Base Ball' inscription.... [Duncan] Curry, first president of the Knickerbocker Baseball Club, is immortalized with a monument that proudly dubs him 'Father of Baseball' because he headed the club that scholars say first codified many of the game's rules...."
  41. ^ http://citracycling.multiply.com/journal/item/27
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  60. ^ http://www.vintagekarts.com/ingels.htm - vintagekarts.com
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  70. ^ Santelli bio including several references backing up the statement, including a quote from Dr. William Gaugler Dec. 1997: "I am, in fact, only two generations removed from the 'father of modern sabre' [referring to Santelli]".
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  80. ^ Dolch, Craig (March 4, 2011). "Chirkinian's impact on televised golf can't be overstated". PGATOUR.com. http://www.pgatour.com/2011/r/03/04/dolch-column-chirkinian/index.html. Retrieved July 15, 2011. "Bringing sounds to golf is just part of the reason why Chirkinian — who is considered "the father of televised golf" — was elected Feb. 9 into the World Golf Hall of Fame on an emergency vote." 
  81. ^ Goldstein, Richard (March 5, 2011). "Frank Chirkinian, the Father of Televised Golf, Dies at 84". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/06/sports/golf/06chirkinian.html. Retrieved July 15, 2011. "Frank is universally regarded as the father of golf television,” Jim Nantz, CBS’s longtime lead golf announcer, told the PGA Tour Web site this year. “He invented it. He took a sport that no one knew how to televise and made it interesting. He brought the Masters tournament to life." 
  82. ^ "Sir George Carley (British Inventor and Scientist)". Britannica. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/100795/Sir-George-Cayley-6th-Baronet. Retrieved 2009-07-26. "English pioneer of aerial navigation and aeronautical engineering and designer of the first successful glider to carry a human being aloft." 
  83. ^ "The Pioneers: Aviation and Airmodelling". http://www.ctie.monash.edu.au/hargrave/cayley.html. Retrieved 2009-07-26. "Sir George Cayley, is sometimes called the 'Father of Aviation'. A pioneer in his field, he is credited with the first major breakthrough in heavier-than-air flight. He was the first to identify the four aerodynamic forces of flight—weight, lift, drag, and thrust—and their relationship and also the first to build a successful human carrying glider." 
  84. ^ Albert Gallatin Mackey, The Builder Magazine, December 1922, Volume VIII, Number 12, Part XVI.
  85. ^ Tsiolkovskiy
  86. ^ Goddard
  87. ^ Oberth
  88. ^ Woods, Thomas. How the Catholic Church Built Western Civilization, p 36. (Washington, DC: Regenery, 2005); ISBN 0-89526-038-7.
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  92. ^ Belzer, Belzer (1977). Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology: Volume 7 - Curve Fitting to Early Development.... Marcel Dekker. ISBN 0-262-73009-X. , p. 55: "It is probably not an accident that the 'father of cybernetics,' Norbert Wiener, ..."
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