- Mobile technology in Africa
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Mobile technology in Africa is a fastest growing market.[1] Nowhere is the effect more dramatic than in Africa, where mobile technology often represents the first modern infrastructure of any kind.[2] Only 10% of Africans have access to the internet, the lowest percentage in the world.[3] However, 50% of Africans have mobile phones and their penetration is expanding rapidly.[4] This means that mobile technology is the largest platform in Africa, and can access a wide range of income groups.
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Non-profit mobile technology
Thus mobile technology can be used, not only to generate profit from high income groups, but to provide information and create social change for low income groups. For example mobile technology is used to provide information on health, education, finances or to access specific groups such as the youth. However, people who are very poor have very basic phones. Thus non-profit mobile technology is not aimed at advanced smart phones, but ranges from sending out bulk SMSs to USSD, mobi-sites and mobile communities.
The ultimate aim of non-profit mobile technology is to make it free, or as near to free for the end user. This means enlisting donors and getting mobile networks on board. Internationally, companies such as TextToChange, FrontlineSMS, RapidSMS, Ushahidi all work with mobiles in health, disaster relief and aid management.
Promote health
mHealth is using mobile technology to provide groups with health information. It was pioneered in part by the UN Foundation and Vodafone Foundation through partnerships with WHO and the social enterprise DataDyne, who then joined with other partners in forging the mHealth Alliance.[5] mHealth activities come in the form of appointment reminders, community mobilization and health promotion, emergency toll-free telephone services, health call centres, health surveys, information initiatives and patient monitoring among others.[6]
In June 2011 the first African mobile health summit was held in Cape Town. At the summit the World Health Organization (WHO) released a report stating that eighty-three per cent of governments surveyed had at least one mHealth project in their country. However, the majority of mHealth activities were limited in size and scope. mHealth initiatives were health call centres (59%), emergency toll-free telephone services (55%), managing emergencies and disasters (54%), and mobile telemedicine (49%).
In South Africa, companies like Cell-Life and GeoMed and HealthSMS use mobile technology for health.[7]
Fight HIV/Aids
The Praekelt Foundation is a South African example of a non profit organisation that is using mobile technology to create social change. Their programmes have currently reached 50 million people across 15 countries in sub-Saharan Africa.[8]
The founders saw that the technology they were creating for corporate clients could be useful for NGOs to provide information to their target markets. “Full profit want to reach people for different reasons, but people should not be charged for having access to life saving information,” says Marcha Neethling, head of operations at Praekelt Foundation.
One of the mobile technologies developed by Praekelt Foundation is a mobile community called YoungAfricaLive (YAL). Users do not need to have airtime or data bundles on their phones to use it. The aim of the mobile community was to create a space that would be interactive and fun where young people could talk candidly and learn about love, relationships and sex and HIV/AIDS.[9]
The mobile community is unique to the Vodacom network. At the end of 2010, Vodacom’s mobile platform, Vodafone Live, was receiving 3.2 million unique users monthly.[10] As (young) people were already using mobile technology to surf the net and download songs etc it seemed the perfect place to engage with this target group.
The community is aimed at users between 16 and 24 and users receive daily news and celeb stories. All with a social call to action at the end, they participate in polls, watch videos that link to stories and can engage in anonymous chat rooms. Experts come on to the chat rooms to discuss sexual topics and allow users to ask personal questions anonymously. For example well known South African sexologist Dr Eve hosts live chats once a week.
Users have engaged with the community and many of the updated features of the community have come directly from user suggestions. Users have commented saying YoungAfricaLive creates a platform for them to express their ideas, making them proud of their status and encouraging them to be responsible around sex.
The ongoing challenge with free mobile communities and technology is continuing to engage the service provider to allow the community to be entirely free. “With YoungAfricaLive South Africa, Vodacom is sponsoring the bandwidth, which is a massive investment. .. (thus) sustainability is always a question.”[11]
Community crime fighting
In 2011 Vodacom pioneered a project in South Africa to fight crime using mobile phones.[12] They partnered with The Khulisa's Youth out of School Ubuntu Club in Tembisa, Johannesburg and donated a computer and seven mobile phones to the Club. These are used by the young patrollers in the community to keep in touch and to report all crime incidents, as well as update the community on current events.
The project is based in the Phomolong area of Tembisa, which is notorious for high levels of criminal activity. Each mobile phone donated has internet capabilities and the members of the Club will be allocated a mobile phone that they will use to capture events, interview members of the community and create video clips. These will be uploaded to their Facebook page and website all in an effort to report on criminal activity in the community.
The South African Police Service also runs a national crime line which they encourage citizens to SMS in and report crimes in their communities.
References
- ^ http://aiti.mit.edu/
- ^ http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/07_39/b4051054.htm
- ^ http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats1.htm
- ^ https://www.budde.com.au/Research/2010-Global-Mobile-Communications-Key-Trends-and-Growth-in-a-Challenging-Environment.html
- ^ http://www.unfoundation.org/our-solutions/mobile-technology/tech4dev/index.html
- ^ http://www.mhealthalliance.org/news/mobile-health-activity-spreads-over-4-5-countries-remains-limited-small-scale-and-single-issue-
- ^ http://www.unfoundation.org/global-issues/technology/mobile-health-for-development.html
- ^ http://www.praekeltfoundation.org/
- ^ http://www.praekeltfoundation.org/
- ^ http://www.habarimedia.co.za/mobile/vodafone-live
- ^ South African sexologist Dr Eve
- ^ http://www.vodacom.com/news_article.php?articleID=958&pid=press_releases
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