- Mendipite
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Mendipite 
Mendipite from the Torr Works Quarry (Merehead Quarry), Cranmore, Somerset, England. Specimen size 2 cmGeneral Category Halides Chemical formula Pb3O2Cl2 Strunz classification 03.DC.70 Dana classification 10.3.1.1 Identification Molar mass 724.50 g Color Colorless to white, brownish cream, grey, yellowish, pink, red, or blue; nearly colorless in transmitted light. Crystal habit Columnar or fibrous aggregates, often radiated, and cleavable masses. Crystal system Orthorhombic – Disphenoidal 2 2 2, Space group P 212121,[1][2][3] or Orthorhombic m m m, Space group Pnma[4] Cleavage Perfect on {110}, fair on {100} and {010} Fracture Conchoidal to uneven Mohs scale hardness 2½ to 3 Luster Pearly to silky on cleavages; resinous to adamantine on fractures. Streak White Diaphaneity Translucent, rarely transparent Specific gravity 7.24[1][3][4] or 7 to 7.2[2] Optical properties Biaxial (+) Refractive index Nx = 2.24, Ny = 2.27, Nz = 2.31 Solubility Soluble in dilute nitric acid, HNO3 References [1][2][3][4] 
Mendipite is a rare mineral that was named in 1939 for the locality where it is found, the Mendip Hills in Somerset, England. It is an oxide of lead, with chlorine, formula Pb3O2Cl2.
Contents
Crystal structure
Most references assert that mendipite crystallises in the orthorhombic crystal system, disphenoidal class 2 2 2, meaning that it has three mutually perpendicular axes of twofold symmetry, with space group P212121, meaning that each of these axes is a screw axis.[1][2][3] One reference, however, gives the crystal class as orthorhombic m m m with space group Pnma,[4] which has a higher symmetry. In each case the "P" means that the mineral has a primitive unit cell.
Unit cell parameters:
Optical properties
Mendipite is colorless to white, brownish cream, grey, yellowish, pink, red, or blue. It is nearly colorless in transmitted light. It has a white streak and its luster is pearly to silky on cleavages, and resinous to adamantine on fractures. The mineral is translucent, and rarely transparent. It is biaxial (+), with refractive indices Nx = 2.24, Ny = 2.27, Nz = 2.31. These values are quite high, compared with ordinary glass at 1.5. This is typical of lead minerals.
Physical properties
Mendipite is found in columnar or fibrous aggregates, often radiated but more rarely straight long fibers, and in cleavable masses. The cleavage is perfect on {110} and fair on {100} and {010}. Fracture is conchoidal (shell-like) to uneven and the mineral is soft, with hardness only 2½ to 3, a bit less than that of calcite. Because of the lead content the specific gravity is high, at 7.24,[1][3][4] or 7 to 7.2,[2] just a little less than that of mimetite, another lead mineral. Mendipite is soluble in dilute nitric acid, HNO3.[4] It is not radioactive.[2]
Environment
At the Eleura Mine near Cobar, New South Wales, Australia, oxygenated groundwater reacted with sulfide minerals during the Tertiary Period, forming supergene sulfides, as well as the sulfate minerals beudantite, anglesite and baryte, together with some mimetite and native silver. Cerussite crystallised later, and later still chloride-rich groundwaters reacted with many of these earlier minerals to form more mimetite, as well as blixite, laurionite, mendipite and chlorargyrite.[5]
At the type locality, galena was deposited in Carboniferous limestones throughout the Mendip Hills during the late Permian or Triassic Period. In the Jurassic Period that followed, these deposits were exposed to the action of seawater, which deposited manganate minerals that reacted with the galena and adsorbed heavy metals both from the seawater and surroundings. A later event heated the deposits creating the conditions which led to the formation of the suite of unusual secondary minerals, including a number of rare oxychlorides, now found at Merehead.[6] The mendipite occurs in nodules in manganese oxide ores, associated with hydrocerussite, cerussite, malachite, pyromorphite, calcite, chloroxiphite, diaboleite and parkinsonite.[3]
Type locality
The type locality is Churchill, Mendip Hills, Somerset, England, and type material is conserved at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden. Other localities include Australia, Germany, Greece, Sweden, the UK and the USA.
References
- ^ a b c d e f http://www.mindat.org/min-2641.html retrieved 30/08/10
- ^ a b c d e f g http://www.webmineral.com/data/Mendipite.shtml retrieved 30/08/10
- ^ a b c d e f g http://www.handbookofmineralogy.org retrieved 30/08/10
- ^ a b c d e f g Gaines et al (1997) Dana’s New Mineralogy Eighth Edition. Wiley
- ^ Australian Journal of Mineralogy (2005) 11-2:89-90
- ^ Mineralogical Magazine (2006) 70-6:629
External links
Categories:- Lead minerals
- Oxide minerals
- Halide minerals
- Chlorides
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