Medial vestibulospinal tract

Medial vestibulospinal tract: Brain: Medial vestibulospinal tract

Vestibulospinal tract is 2c, in red at bottom center.

Diagram of the principal fasciculi of the spinal cord.

The medial vestibulospinal tract is one of the descending spinal tracts of the ventromedial pathway.

The medial part of the vestibulospinal tract is the smaller part, and is primarily made of fibers from the medial vestibular nucleus. It projects bilaterally down the spinal cord and triggers the ventral horn of the cervical spinal circuits, particularly controlling lower motor neurons associated with the spinal accessory nerve (CN XI). Additionally, the pathway projects superiorly to the paramedian pontine reticular formation, indirectly innervating the nuclei of CN VI and III. Through this superior projection, the medial vestibulospinal tract is involved in "yoking" the eyes together in response to rapid movement of the head. Thus, cumulatively it controls position of the head, neck, and eyes in response to changes in posture.

v · d · eAnatomy of torso (primarily): the spinal cord (TA 14.1.02, GA 9.749)

External, dorsal
Posterior median sulcus · Posterolateral sulcus

Grey matter/
Rexed laminae

I–VI: Posterior horn

I: Marginal nucleus · II: Substantia gelatinosa of Rolando · III+IV: Nucleus proprius · Spinal lamina V · Spinal lamina VI

VII: Lateral horn

Intermediolateral nucleus · Posterior thoracic nucleus

VIII–IX: Anterior horn

Interneuron · Alpha motor neuron (Onuf's nucleus)

X: Other

Central gelatinous substance · Gray commissure
Central canal

White matter

somatic/
ascending
(blue)

Posterior/PCML: touch: Gracile · Cuneate

Lateral: proprioception: Spinocerebellar (Dorsal, Ventral) · pain/temp: Spinothalamic (Lateral, Anterior) · Posterolateral (Lissauer) · Spinotectal
Spinoreticular tract · Spino-olivary tract

motor/
descending
(red)

Lateral: Corticospinal (Lateral) · Ep (Rubrospinal, Olivospinal)
Anterior: Corticospinal (Anterior) · Ep (Vestibulospinal, Reticulospinal, Tectospinal)

both

Anterior white commissure

External, ventral
Anterior median fissure · Anterolateral sulcus

External, general
Cervical enlargement · Lumbar enlargement · Conus medullaris · Filum terminale · Cauda equina

M: CNS

anat(n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp

noco(m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)

v · d · eHuman brain, rhombencephalon, metencephalon: pons (TA A14.1.05.101–604, GA 9.785)

Dorsal/
(tegmentum)

Surface

Cerebellopontine angle · Superior medullary velum · Sulcus limitans · Medial eminence · Facial colliculus

White: Sensory/ascending

Trapezoid body/VIII · Trigeminal lemniscus (Dorsal trigeminal tract, Ventral trigeminal tract) · Medial lemniscus · Lateral lemniscus

MLF, III, IV and VI: Vestibulo-oculomotor fibers
Anterior trigeminothalamic tract · Central tegmental tract

White: Motor/descending

ICP (Vestibulocerebellar tract)
MLF, III, IV and VI: Vestibulospinal tract (Medial vestibulospinal tract, Lateral vestibulospinal tract)

Grey: Cranial nuclei

afferent: GSA: Principal V/Spinal V · VIII-c (Dorsal, Anterior)/VIII-v (Superior)
efferent: SVE: Motor V · VII · GSE: VI · GVE: VII: Superior salivary nucleus

Other grey

Apneustic center · Pneumotaxic center (Medial parabrachial nucleus) · Lateral parabrachial nucleus · Superior olivary nucleus · Caerulean nucleus

Ventral/
(base)

Grey

Pontine nuclei

White: Motor/descending

Corticospinal tract · Corticobulbar tract · Corticopontine fibers
MCP (Pontocerebellar fibers)

Surface

Basilar sulcus

Other grey: Raphe/
reticular
Reticular formation (Caudal, Oral, Tegmental, Paramedian) · Raphe nuclei (Median)

M: CNS

anat(n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp

noco(m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)

v · d · eBrain and spinal cord: neural tracts and fasciculi

Sensory/
ascending

PCML

1°: Pacinian corpuscle/Meissner's corpuscle → Gracile fasciculus/Cuneate fasciculus → Gracile nucleus/Cuneate nucleus

2°: → sensory decussation/arcuate fibers (Posterior external arcuate fibers, Internal arcuate fibers) → Medial lemniscus/Trigeminal lemniscus → Thalamus (VPL, VPM)
3°: → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Postcentral gyrus

Anterolateral/
pain

Fast/lateral

1° (Free nerve ending → A delta fiber) → 2° (Anterior white commissure → Lateral and Anterior Spinothalamic tract → Spinal lemniscus → VPL of Thalamus) → 3° (Postcentral gyrus) → 4° (Posterior parietal cortex)
2° (Spinotectal tract → Superior colliculus of Midbrain tectum)

Slow/medial

1° (Group C nerve fiber → Spinoreticular tract → Reticular formation) → 2° (MD of Thalamus) → 3° (Cingulate cortex)

Motor/
descending

Pyramidal

flexion: Primary motor cortex → Posterior limb of internal capsule → Decussation of pyramids → Corticospinal tract (Lateral, Anterior) → Neuromuscular junction

Extrapyramidal

flexion: Primary motor cortex → Genu of internal capsule → Corticobulbar tract → Facial motor nucleus → Facial muscles

flexion: Red nucleus → Rubrospinal tract

extension: Vestibulocerebellum → Vestibular nuclei → Vestibulospinal tract

extension: Vestibulocerebellum → Reticular formation → Reticulospinal tract
Midbrain tectum → Tectospinal tract → muscles of neck

Basal ganglia

direct: 1° (Motor cortex → Striatum) → 2° (GPi) → 3° (Lenticular fasciculus/Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of Thalamus) → 4° (Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 5° (Motor cortex)

indirect: 1° (Motor cortex → Striatum) → 2° (GPe) → 3° (Subthalamic fasciculus → Subthalamic nucleus) → 4° (Subthalamic fasciculus → GPi) → 5° (Lenticular fasciculus/Ansa lenticularis → Thalamic fasciculus → VL of Thalamus) → 6° (Thalamocortical radiations → Supplementary motor area) → 7° (Motor cortex)
nigrostriatal pathway: Pars compacta → Striatum

Cerebellar

Afferent

Vestibular nucleus → Vestibulocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellum → Granule cell

Pontine nuclei → Pontocerebellar fibers → MCP → Deep cerebellar nuclei → Granule cell
Inferior olivary nucleus → Olivocerebellar tract → ICP → Hemisphere → Purkinje cell → Deep cerebellar nuclei

Efferent

Dentate nucleus in Lateral hemisphere/pontocerebellum → SCP → Dentatothalamic tract → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex

Interposed nucleus in Intermediate hemisphere/spinocerebellum → SCP → Reticular formation, or → Cerebellothalamic tract → Red nucleus → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex
Fastigial nucleus in Flocculonodular lobe/vestibulocerebellum → Vestibulocerebellar tract → Vestibular nucleus

Bidirectional:
Spinocerebellar

Unc. prop.

lower limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Posterior thoracic nucleus → Dorsal/posterior spinocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellar vermis)
upper limb → 1° (muscle spindles → DRG) → 2° (Accessory cuneate nucleus → Cuneocerebellar tract → ICP → Anterior lobe of cerebellum)

Reflex arc

lower limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° (Ventral/anterior spinocerebellar tract→ SCP → Cerebellar vermis)
upper limb → 1° (Golgi tendon organ) → 2° (Rostral spinocerebellar tract → ICP → Cerebellum)

M: CNS

anat(n/s/m/p/4/e/b/d/c/a/f/l/g)/phys/devp

noco(m/d/e/h/v/s)/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1A/2AB/C/3/4/7A/B/C/D)

M: PNS

anat(h/r/t/c/b/l/s/a)/phys(r)/devp/prot/nttr/nttm/ntrp

noco/auto/cong/tumr, sysi/epon, injr

proc, drug(N1B)

v · d · eAuditory and vestibular pathways

Auditory

inner ear: Hair cells → Spiral ganglion → Cochlear nerve ^VIII →

pons: Cochlear nuclei (Anterior, Dorsal) → Trapezoid body → Superior olivary nuclei →

midbrain: Lateral lemniscus → Inferior colliculi →

thalamus: Medial geniculate nuclei →
cerebrum: Acoustic radiation → Primary auditory cortex

Vestibular

inner ear: Vestibular nerve ^VIII →

pons: Vestibular nuclei (Medial vestibular nucleus, Lateral vestibular nucleus)

cerebellum: Flocculonodular lobe

spinal cord: Vestibulospinal tract (Medial vestibulospinal tract, Lateral vestibulospinal tract)

thalamus: Ventral posterolateral nucleus

cerebrum: Vestibular cortex
Vestibulo-oculomotor fibers

M: EAR

anat(e/p)/phys/devp

noco/cong, epon

proc, drug(S2)

Categories:
Neuroscience stubs
Central nervous system pathways

Brain: Medial vestibulospinal tract

Vestibulospinal tract is 2c, in red at bottom center.

Diagram of the principal fasciculi of the spinal cord.

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Vestibulospinal tract — Infobox Anatomy Name = PAGENAME Latin = tractus vestibulospinalis GraySubject = 185 GrayPage = 760 Caption = Vestibulospinal tract is 2c, in red at bottom center. Caption2 = Diagram of the principal fasciculi of the spinal cord. (Vestibulospinal… … Wikipedia
Medial lemniscus — Brain: Medial lemniscus The sensory tract. (Medial lemniscus labeled at center right.) Coronal … Wikipedia
Medial longitudinal fasciculus — Brain: Medial longitudinal fasciculus Transverse section of mid brain at level of inferior colliculi. (Medial longitudinal fasciculus labeled at center right.) … Wikipedia
Medial eminence of floor of fourth ventricle — Not to be confused with Median eminence. Brain: Medial eminence of floor of fourth ventricle Rhomboid fossa. (Medial eminence visible but not labeled.) … Wikipedia
Medial vestibular nucleus — Brain: Medial vestibular nucleus A cross section of the lower pons showing the medial vestibular nucleus (#3) labeled at the top left … Wikipedia
Medial geniculate nucleus — Brain: Medial geniculate nucleus Thalamic nuclei: MNG = Midline nuclear group AN = Anterior nuclear group MD = Medial dorsal nucleus VNG = Ventral nuclear group VA = Ventral anterior nucleus VL = Ventr … Wikipedia
Medial parabrachial nucleus — Brain: Medial parabrachial nucleus Latin nucleus parabrachialis medialis NeuroNames hier 757 NeuroLex ID birnlex 4038 The Medial parabrachial nuc … Wikipedia
vestibulospinal tract medial — tractus vestibulospinalis medialis … Medical dictionary
tract — An elongated area, e.g., path, track, way. SEE ALSO: fascicle. SYN: tractus. [L. tractus, a drawing out] alimentary t. SYN: digestive t.. anterior corticospinal t. uncrossed fibers forming a small bundle in the anterior funiculus of the … Medical dictionary
Medial globus pallidus — Brain: Medial globus pallidus Globus pallidus labeled at bottom right … Wikipedia

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