Mahd-i Ulya

Mahd-i Ulyā (Persian: مهد علیا, meaning the highest ranked cradle), also transliterated as Mahd-e Olyā, was a common title for empress mother, mothers of Shahs, or crown princes, in Iran during the Safavid and Qajar eras. It is also occasionally used in a similar context for the wife or the mother of a local ruler or a religious leader:

• Khayr al-Nisa Begum, mother of Shah Abbas I
• Malek-Jahan Khanum, mother of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar
• Fatimih, wife of Bahá'u'lláh

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