Scindia

Scindia
Maratha Clan
Shinde
शिंदे
Flag of the Maratha Empire.svg
Surname Shinde (alternately Scindia, Sendrak)
Caste Maratha-Kunbi
Lineage Claimed Suryavansha (Serpent or Sheshvanshi Branch)
Heraldic Title: Prabhakarvarma.[1]
Religion: Hinduism.[2]
Original kingdom Ranathambore and Pattadakal
Other kingdoms Gwalior, Ujjain, Badami.
Capitals Satara Villages.
Colour Red.
Nishan Serpent on flagpole.
Clan god Jyotiba ( Mahadev ).
Clan goddess Tulja-Bhavani (Tuljapur,Maharashtra) Kalika, Mahagauri, Ramvardayini.
Devak Mrugvell or Aagada (A kind of plants found in Maharashtra), Kalamb, Rui and Morvell.[3]
Guru Kaundinya.
Gotra Kaundinya
Veda Rigveda.
Mantra Yajurveda - Madhyandin, Gayatri Mantra..
Prawar Angiras, Brihaspati and Kaundinya.
Victory Weapon Sword
Guhyasutra Paraska
Locations Maharashtra, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Goa
Languages Marathi, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Sanskrit.

Scindia (Marathi: शिंदे, anglicized from Shinde and also spelled as Sindhia, Sindia) is a Maratha clan in India. This clan included rulers of the Gwalior State in the 18th and 19th centuries, collaborators of the colonial British government during the 19th and the 20th centuries until India became independent, as well as politicians in independent India.

Contents

History

The Shinde dynasty was founded by Ranoji Shinde, who was the son of Jankojirao Shinde, the Patil of Kanherkhed, a village in Satara District, Maharashtra. The closing years of Peshwa Baji Rao's career saw the strengthening of the Maratha confederacy. Ranoji was in charge of the Maratha conquests in Malwa in 1726. Ranoji established his capital at Ujjain in 1731. His successors included Jayajirao, Jyotibarao, Dattajirao, Jankojirao, Mahadji and Daulatrao Shinde. The Sindhia state of Gwalior became a major regional power in the latter half of the 18th century and figured prominently in the three Anglo-Maratha Wars. They held sway over many of the Rajput states, and conquered the state of Ajmer.

After the defeat of the allied Maratha states by the British in the Third Anglo-Maratha War of 1818, Daulatrao Scindia was forced to accept local autonomy as a princely state within British India and to give up Ajmer to the British. After the death of Daulatrao, Maharani Baiza Bai ruled the empire, saving it from the British power, till the adopted child Jankoji Rao took over the charge. Jankoji died in 1843, and his widow Tarabai Raje Shinde successfully maintained the position and adopted a child from close lineage named Jayajirao.

The Scindia family ruled Gwalior until India's independence from the United Kingdom in 1947, when the Maharaja Jivajirao Scindia acceded to the Government of India. Gwalior was merged with a number of other princely states to become the new Indian state of Madhya Bharat. George Jivajirao served as the state's rajpramukh, or appointed governor, from 28 May 1948 to 31 October 1956, when Madhya Bharat was merged into Madhya Pradesh.

In 1962, Rajmata Vijayraje Scindia, the widow of Maharaja Jiwajirao, was elected to the Lok Sabha, beginning the family's career in electoral politics. She was first a member of the Congress Party, and later became an influential member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. Her son Madhavrao Scindia was elected to the Lok Sabha in 1971 representing the Congress Party, and served until his death in 2001. His son, Jyotiraditya Scindia, also in the Congress Party, was elected to the seat formerly held by his father in 2004.

Vijayaraje's daughters have supported the Bharatiya Janata Party. Vasundhara Raje Scindia contested and won five parliamentary elections from Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan. Under the Vajpayee government from 1998 onwards, Vasundhara was in charge of several different ministries. In 2003 she led the Bharatiya Janata Party to its largest majority in Rajasthan, and became the state's Chief Minister. Her other daughter, Yashodhara Raje Scindia, contested assembly elections from Shivpuri in Madhya Pradesh and won in 1998 and 2003. Upon the BJP's win in the state, she became the state's Minister for Tourism, Sports and Youth Affairs. Vasundhara's son Dushyant Singh entered the Lok Sabha in 2004 from Rajasthan.

Origins

The Scindia family is traditionally considered to be descendants of King Shinde ( Sendrak ) and Old Maratha stem. The Shinde served the Peshwa, and were also Shiledars under the Bahamani sultanates of the Deccan.[4]

Branches

Aapteekar, Bhuse, Desai, Kulhar, Kolhe, Kurvasinde, Jatayoo, Jadbuddhe, Jade, Jayshinde, Dable, Dorge, Durdayshinde, Nagawade, Nekulshinde, Neknamdar, Nebhale, Pratapshinde, Bhagalkar, Bhure, Bhore, Bhed, Mung, Ghate, Muke, Mungekar, Mugool, Tingre, Vijayshinde, Valekar, Shishupalshinde, Saktpalshinde, Sitajashinde, Bhairavshinde, Mahakalshinde, Mulshinde, Mude, Paigude. (Total 35)

Subclans

  • Paygude, Deshmukhs of 35 villages of Prant Pune along with Karanjavane Deshmukh.
  • Desai, Surname of Patan, Satara District, holds Deshmukhi of a number of villages.
  • Shinde, a clan of Torgal intermarried to Chhatrapati Bhosales of Kolhapur on a number of occasions,
  • Shinde, clan of Majalgaon, were Saranjamdars of Majalgaon from time of Bijapur sultanates.
  • Shinde, Known as Subhedar, Khor, Taluka, Daund, Dist: Pune.

Titles

In the course of their military service, the Scindia were bestowed numerous titles by the British Empire, which grew more elaborate with the passage of time:

  • 1745: Shrimant Sardar (name) Scindia Bahadur (Brave Chief of the Scindia)
  • 1745-1787: Meherban Shrimant Sardar (name) Scindia Bahadur (High and Brave Chief of the Scindia)
  • 1787-1790: His Highness Maharajadhiraj Maharaja Sahib Subadar Shrimant (name) Scindia Bahadur Maharaja Scindia of Gwalior (His Highness the Great King over Kings, High and Brave Lord of the Scindia, Scindia King of Gwalior)
  • 1790-1794: His Highness Ali Jah, Umdat ul-Umara, Farzand-i-Arjumand, Maharajadhiraj Maharaja Sahib Subadar Shrimant (name) Scindia Bahadur, Shrinath, Mansur-i-Zaman, Naib ul-Istiqlal-i-Maharajadhiraj Sawai Madhav Rao Narayan, Maharaja Scindia of Gwalior (His Highness the Exalted Dignity, Pillar of the Nobility, Worthy Son, Great King over Kings and Lord Chieftain of the Brave Scindia, Lord of Fortune, Victorious of the Age, Permanent Deputy of the Peshwar, Scindia King of Gwalior)
  • 1794-1827: His Highness Ali Jah, Naib Vakil-i-Mutlaq, Amir ul-Umara, Mukhtar ul-Mulk, Maharajadhiraj Maharaja Shrimant (name) Scindia Bahadur, Maharaja Scindia of Gwalior (His Highness the Exalted Dignity, Deputy Agent, Amir of Amirs, Agent of the Kingdom, Great King over Kings of the Brave Scindia, Scindia King of Gwalior)
  • 1827-1845: His Highness Ali Jah, Umdat ul-Umara, Hisam us-Sultanat, Mukhtar ul-Mulk, Maharajadhiraj Maharaja Shrimant (name) Scindia Bahadur, Shrinath, Mansur-i-Zaman, Maharaja Scindia of Gwalior (His Highness the Exalted Dignity, Pillar of the Nobility, Sword of the Kingdom, Agent of the Kingdom, Great King over Kings of the Brave Scindia, Lord of Fortune, Victorious of the Age, Scindia King of Gwalior)
  • 1845-1861: His Highness Ali Jah, Umdat ul-Umara, Hisam us-Sultanat, Mukhtar ul-Mulk, Azim ul-Iqtidar, Rafi-us-Shan, Wala Shikoh, Muhtasham-i-Dauran, Maharajadhiraj Maharaja Shrimant (name) Scindia Bahadur, Shrinath, Mansur-i-Zaman (His Highness the Exalted Dignity, Pillar of the Nobility, Sword of the Kingdom, Agent of the Kingdom, Chief of the Highest Authority, High in Prestige, Exalted in Dignity, Great Prince over Princes of the Brave Scindia, Lord of Fortune, Victorious of the Age)
  • 1861-1901: His Highness Ali Jah, Umdat ul-Umara, Hisam us-Sultanat, Mukhtar ul-Mulk, Azim ul-Iqtidar, Rafi-us-Shan, Wala Shikoh, Muhtasham-i-Dauran, Maharajadhiraj Maharaja Shrimant (name) Scindia Bahadur, Shrinath, Mansur-i-Zaman, Fidvi-i-Hazrat-i-Malika-i-Mua'zzama-i-Rafi-ud-Darja-i-Inglistan (His Highness the Exalted Dignity, Pillar of the Nobility, Sword of the Kingdom, Agent of the Kingdom, Chief of the Highest Authority, High in Prestige, Exalted in Dignity, Great Prince over Princes of the Brave Scindia, Lord of Fortune, Victorious of the Age, Vassal of Her Majesty the Honoured and Exalted Queen of England)
  • 1901-1952: His Highness Ali Jah, Umdat ul-Umara, Hisam us-Sultanat, Mukhtar ul-Mulk, Azim ul-Iqtidar, Rafi-us-Shan, Wala Shikoh, Muhtasham-i-Dauran, Maharajadhiraj Maharaja Shrimant (name) Scindia Bahadur, Shrinath, Mansur-i-Zaman, Fidvi-i-Hazrat-i-Malik-i-Mua'zzam-i-Rafi-ud-Darjat-i-Inglistan (His Highness the Exalted Dignity, Pillar of the Nobility, Sword of the Kingdom, Agent of the Kingdom, Chief of the Highest Authority, High in Prestige, Exalted in Dignity, Great Prince over Princes of the Brave Scindia, Lord of Fortune, Victorious of the Age, Vassal of His Majesty the Honoured and Exalted King of England)
  • 1952-1969: His Highness Ali Jah, Umdat ul-Umara, Hisam us-Sultanat, Mukhtar ul-Mulk, Azim ul-Iqtidar, Rafi-us-Shan, Wala Shikoh, Muhtasham-i-Dauran, Maharajadhiraj Maharaja Shrimant (name) Scindia Bahadur, Shrinath, Mansur-i-Zaman, Fidvi-i-Hazrat-i-Malika-i-Mua'zzama-i-Rafi-ud-Darja-i-Inglistan (His Highness the Exalted Dignity, Pillar of the Nobility, Sword of the Kingdom, Agent of the Kingdom, Chief of the Highest Authority, High in Prestige, Exalted in Dignity, Great Prince over Princes of the Brave Scindia, Lord of Fortune, Victorious of the Age, Vassal of Her Majesty the Honoured and Exalted Queen of England)

Scindia Maharajas of Ujjain and Gwalior

  • Ranojirao Scindia (1731 – 19 July 1745)
  • Jayapparao Scindia (1745 – 25 July 1755)
  • Jankojirao I Scindia (25 July 1755 – 15 January 1761). Born 1745.
  • Meharban Dattaji Rao Shinde, Regent (1755 – 10 January 1760). Died 1760.
  • Vacant 15 January 1761 – 25 November 1763
  • Kedarjirao Scindia (25 November 1763 – 10 July 1764)
  • Manajirao Scindia (10 July 1764 – 18 January 1768)
  • Madhavrao I Scindia (18 January 1768 – 12 February 1794). Born c.1730, died 1794.
  • Daulatrao Scindia (12 February 1794 – 21 March 1827). Born 1779, died 1827.
  • Jankojirao II Scindia (18 June 1827 – 7 February 1843). Born 1805, died 1843.
  • Jayajirao Scindia (7 February 1843 – 20 June 1886). Born 1835, died 1886.
  • Madho Rao Scindia (20 June 1886 – 5 June 1925). Born 1876, died 1925.
  • George Jivajirao Scindia (Maharaja 5 June 1925 – 15 August 1947, Rajpramukh 28 May 1948 – 31 October 1956, later Rajpramukh) Born 1916, died 1961.
  • Madhavrao Scindia (Feb 6, 1949, died 2001)
  • Jyotiraditya Madhavrao Scindia (born 1 January 1971)
  • Mahanaryaman JyotiradityaScindia

Notables

  • Bajirao Shinde, part of Chhatrapati Shivajis Swarajya.
  • Nemajirao Shinde, a Maratha sardar who first crossed the Narmada River and troubled Mughals.
  • Ranojirao Jankojirao Shinde, Chief of Kanherkhed and Gwalior State founder, prominent Maratha of King Shahu's army.
  • Jayyaparao Ranojirao Shinde, Maratha Sardar and brave warrior among Maratha cavalry.
  • Dattajirao Ranojirao Shinde, a warrior who resisted Abdali along with his allies from 96 clans of Bhoite.
  • Jyotibarao Ranojirao Shinde, Maratha sardar
  • Jankojirao Jayapparao Shinde, Maratha general of Maratha troop combating against Rajputana, Malwa, Marwar Ruling Governments.
  • Tukojirao Ranojirao Shinde, a Maratha warrior who died in the Battle of Panipat.
  • Mahadajirao Ranojirao Shinde, ruler of Gwalior and leader in the Maratha community following their defeat in the Panipat War.
  • Jivaji Shinde, a Maratha sardar, died before the battle of Battle of Buradi Ghat.
  • Hanmantrao Shinde, a Maratha sardar, died before the Battle of Buradi Ghat.
  • Sabaji Shinde, Maratha sardar, was thanedar of Multan. He was part of many battles of Rajsthan also part of Maratha Army who flagged Bhagawa over Attock.
  • Bayaji Sabaji Shinde, son of Sabaji, died in the Battle of Buradi Ghat.
  • Maloji Shinde, died in skirmishes before battle of Panipat.
  • Murarrao Shinde, Senakhas khel was founder of Torgal state and was patil of Shendari-Bendri Village, Kolhapur.

Reference

  1. ^ Maratha Kshatriyancha Itihaas, edition 1929 By K.B. Deshmukh. (Marathi)
  2. ^ Thomas Edmund Farnsworth Wright; Oxford University Press (15 November 2006). A dictionary of world history. Oxford University Press. pp. 401–. ISBN 9780199202478. http://books.google.com/books?id=2QcZAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA401. Retrieved 15 May 2011. 
  3. ^ R. M. Betham (1 December 1996). Maráthas and Dekhani Musalmáns. Asian Educational Services. pp. 152–. ISBN 9788120612044. http://books.google.com/books?id=6mATx3PBupsC&pg=PA152. Retrieved 7 May 2011. 
  4. ^ Richard M. Eaton (19 December 2005). A social history of the Deccan, 1300-1761: eight Indian lives. Cambridge University Press. pp. 188–. ISBN 9780521254847. http://books.google.com/books?id=DNNgdBWoYKoC&pg=PA188. Retrieved 16 July 2011. 

Further reading

External links


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