List of bog bodies

List of bog bodies

This is a list of notable bog bodies in alphabetical order. Bog bodies or bog people are the naturally preserved corpses of humans and some animals recovered from peat bogs. The bodies have been most commonly found in the Northern European countries of Denmark, Germany, The Netherlands, United Kingdom and Ireland. In 1965, the German scientist Alfred Dieck catalogued more than 1,850 bog bodies, but later scholarship revealed much of the Dieck's work was erroneous.[1] Hundreds of bog bodies have been recovered and studied.[2]

Contents

How to use this List

  • There may be more than one name in the "name" category, which may also used to show alternate spellings or names of the bog body.
  • The location category shows the country in which the bog body was discovered, some bog bodies are discovered on borders between countries.
  • The Carbon 14 dating is used to determine an age range based on examination of the half lives of carbon isotopes. BCE means "Before Common Era" in place of "Before Christ", and CE meaning "Common Era", in place of "Anno Domini".
  • The gender category describes whether the find was male, female or undetermined.
  • The description of a bog body describes the bog body's description and examination details. Some sections may contain Little is published about this find; meaning that there is little or no sufficient information published about the bog body.

List

Name Location Age (Carbon-14 Dating) Gender Year discovered Image Description
Amcotts Moor Woman[3] England 200–400 CE Female 1747 Amcotts Moor Woman Shoe.jpg The Amcotts Moor Woman was found in the County of Lincolnshire, England. When the discoverer had dug six feet into the bog, his shovel struck a shoe. The man began to uncover a human foot, and he fled the scene. The body was later completely uncovered by George Stovin, who was a doctor, and his assistants.[4] Most of the foot had gone through skeletonization, however, the heel had been preserved. Some skin of the lower body and arms were unearthed, along with hair and fingernails. The body was described to be bent with the Today, only her left shoe has survived.[5]
Arden Woman

Bredmose Woman

Denmark 1400 BCE Female 1942 Reconstruction

Original bonnet
Hair

Image is that of a reconstruction. She was found in the Bredmose bog in the Parish of Stoarden, Hindstead, Denmark. Police said the corpse was found in a question mark (?) shape. After the remains were completely unearthed they were moved into a nearby barn. Her hair was dark blond and was drawn into two pigtails and coiled around the top of her head. Over the hair was a bonnet, which was made using a sprang technique. Unlike some bog bodies, she was found with other garments. She was around the age of 20–25 years old. No signs of violence were found on her body.[6]
Aschbroeken Man Netherlands 900 BCE Male 1931 Aschbroeken Man.jpg The Aschbroeken Man's skull was lost soon after being unearthed. The remains consist of a skeleton, with an arm which healed abnormally. This may be the reason for his death, some other bog bodies from the Netherlands appear to have been killed for physical deformities.[7]
Auning Woman Denmark 0 CE Female 1886 She was found with several wool and skin garments. Because she was found with several sticks on top of the body, it may have been possible that she had been pinned down in the bog to keep her remains from surfacing.[6]

Forensic facial reconstruction was done on this bog body.

Ballgudden Woman Northern Ireland -- Female 1831 The Ballgudden Woman had blond hair when she was alive. Near her body, an infant of undetermined gender was found. The remains of the baby were completely skeletonized. A fastened leather thong was around its neck, possibly as a necklace. Both of these bog bodies no longer remain.[8]
Ballygroll Child Northern Ireland -- Undetermined 1835 The child was discovered completely inside of a coffin, which is very uncommon for bog bodies. However, the body was lost, like many bog bodies of its time.[8]
Bentstreek Foot Germany 80–210 CE Undetermined 1955 Little is published about this find.
Bernuthsfeld Man Germany 680–775 CE Male 1907 Image Bernuthsfeld Man was discovered on 24 May 1907 when peat workers unearthed his skeleton and clothing. His heavily worn tunic was patched out of 45 single pieces of cloth out of 20 different fabrics in 9 different weaving patterns.[9]
Bleivik Man Norway 6110–5890 BCE Male 1952 The man was discovered by a farmer who had discovered a bone 70 centimeters deep inside of a drainage ditch. Examination revealed that the man was approximately 55–60 at the time of his death. The cause of the man's demise remains a mystery because of the few body parts found, which include the skull, teeth, one rib bone and two vertebra. [10][11]
Bocksten Man Sweden 1290–1430 CE Male 1936 The Bocksten Bog Man 1.jpg

Reconstruction

The Bocksten Man was violently beaten to death at the apporximate age of 35-60 years of age. The corpse is famous for having one of the most complete surviving set of garments of the 14th century. A theory suggests that the identity of the Bocksten Man have been the dean of the Diocese of Linköping when he was alive.
Borremose Man

Borre Fen Man

Denmark 700 BCE Male 1946 Borremose Man.jpg The man was violently killed by having his skull crushed and his leg broken. A rope was also found around his neck, indicating death by hanging or strangulation. The body is in storage at the National Museum of Copenhagen.
Borremose II Denmark 400 BCE Female 1947 The bog body was lying face down in two feet deep on a base of birch bark. In the immediate vicinity were birch branches, directly on the body of three approximately 10 centimeters long birch poles of the same thickness. The skull was fractured and the brain was visible. The hair was two to three inches long. The right leg was 10 inches below the knee broken. The body was naked, but the lower body and legs were covered with a cloak made ​​of a four layered twill fabric and a fringed shawl. These two articles of clothing are now on display at the National Museum of Denmark in Copenhagen. It is uncertain if the body had been clothed at the time it had been deposited, because the clothing from plant materials such as flax fibers can be passed in the acidic peat. In addition, there were other objects found with him: half a clay pot on the knees of the corpse, and half a humerus and a half radius of a human infant beside her. Around the neck of the bog body was a leather belt with an amber bead and a brass disk 22-23 millimeters in diameter.
Borremose III

Borremose Woman

Denmark 750 BCE Female 1948 Image The Borremose Woman was discovered lying face down with the scalp separated from the body. The woman was described to be obese, and was wrapped in a wollen cloak. Borremose Woman remains on display at the National Museum of Copenhagen in Denmark. She was thought to have been scalped and her skull broken as the cause of death, but studies show these happened after death.[12] Studies of the woman's face and neck showed no signs of bleeding, meaning that the injuries to the face had occurred after death.
Brammer Man[13] Germany 1440–1625 CE Male 1903 This body was destroyed during World War II, but was dated after a piece of his hair was found.
Bunsoh body Germany 560–620 CE Male 1890 Reconstruction Image is that of a reconstruction of the woolen textile band found near the man's neck. Little remains of this body.
Burlage Bog Dog Germany 1477–1611 CE Male 1953 Image The dog's fur remains well preserved, yet colored reddish after being in the bog for so long. The skeleton remains intact, despite parts of the skull to be missing. The dog was a juvenile to adult when he died.[14]
Camnish Woman Northern Ireland -- Female 1834 This bog body no longer remains.
Cashel Man

Portlaise body

Ireland 500–0 BCE Male 2011 Image The bog body was found in a leather bag, which is now presumed to be the upper part of the body,[15] in Portlaise, Ireland. The legs were found to be protruding from the bag, as well as being exceptionally preserved. The remaining part of the body inside of the bag was not as well preserved. Because the body was in a crouched position, which may suggest that it dates from the Bronze Age. The body was later moved to the National Museum of Ireland for examination.[16][17][18][19]
Cladh Hallan Skeletons Scotland 1600–1120 BCE Males and Females 1988–2002 Image Remains of several prehistoric human skeletons.
Clonycavan Man Ireland 392–201 BCE Male 2003 Clonycavan Man.jpg

Reconstruction

Clonycavan Man was discovered three months before Old Croghan Man was found in the same bog. Nothing remains below the waist of the man, either due to the turf cutting machine or when he had been brutally murdered. The body is famous for having a primitive 'gel' found in his hair, which may have been imported from western Europe.
Cloonshannagh Woman Ireland 645–680 CE Female 2005 This bog body was found to be completely skeletonised. The body and its clothing had been partally dismembered by the peat cutting tools that had unearthed it.[20]
Damendorf I Germany Pre Roman Iron Age Female? 1884 Only the clothing of this bog body has survived. Little is published about this find.
Damendorf Man Germany 300 BCE Male 1900 Damendorf Man.jpg The Damendorf Man was discovered in 1900 in the Seemoor at the village Damendorf in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. He is on display at the Archäologisches Landesmuseum.[21] Professor P.V. Glob wrote that this bog body died in 300 BCE. This bog body is unique because the weight of the peat in the bog had flattened his body and only his hair, skin, nails, and his few clothes were preserved.[22] He was found with a leather belt, shoes, and a pair of breeches.[23] Damendorf Man was the second bog body of Damendorf, there was a woman found in 1884 and a girl discovered in 1934.[13]
Damendorf Girl Germany 810 BCE Female 1934 Little is published about this find.
Dätgen I Germany Iron Age Undetermined 1906 Only the clothing has survived. Little is published about this find.
Dätgen Man Germany 135–385 CE Male 1959 Dätgen Man.jpg The Dätgen Man was found in 1959 near Dätgen, Germany. He had been decapitated, stabbed and beaten. His severed head was found 10 feet from his body. He is not believed to have been sacrificed, but to have been killed and then mutilated, perhaps to prevent him from be coming a "wiedergänger", similar to a zombie.[24] His decapitated head displayed a Suebian knot. The man was also stabbed in the heart.[25]
Derrycashel Man Ireland 1431–1291 BCE Male 2005 The remains are somewhat skeletonised, but was nearly complete. The body was that of a young man.[20]
Derryvarroge Man Ireland 228–343 CE Male 2006 The only parts of the man that remained preserved were the buttocks and a fragment of the thigh.[20]
Dröbnitz Girl Poland 650 BCE Female 1939 Mädchen von Dröbnitz.jpg This body, as well as her grave goods, no longer remain. Little is published about this find.
Elling Woman Denmark 280 BCE Female 1938 Elling Woman.jpg

Reconstruction of Elling Woman's hairstyle

The Elling Woman is a bog body discovered in 1938 west of Silkeborg, Denmark. The Tollund Man was later discovered around 200 feet away, twelve years after the Elling Woman's discovery.[26] She was discovered by a local farmer, Jens Zakariasson, who at first believed that her body was that of a drowned animal. She was found wrapped in a sheepskin cape with a leather cloak tied about her legs.[27] She is believed to have been hanged, like the Tollund Man. Her year of death was dated to approximately 280 BCE, also around the time of the Tollund Man; however, it is not possible to say whether or not both she and he were killed at exactly the same time. It also might have been impossible to tell the mummy's gender, if her hair had not been preserved. Her hair, which was 90 centimetres long, was braided and tied into a knot.[28] Elling Woman is believed to have been a sacrifice.[29] She suffered from osteoporosis at the comparatively young age of 25–30.[30] This body is famous for its elaborate hairstyle. She was found twelve years before the Tollund Man in the Bjæskovdal bog. She was mistakenly described to be a man in P.V. Glob's book, "The Bog People".
Emmer-Erfscheidenveen Man Netherlands 1200 BCE Male 1938 Emmer-Erfscheidenveen Man.jpg The Emmer-Erfscheidenveen Man was a bog body recovered in Drenthe, Netherlands in 1938. The remains, which were dated to approximately 1200 BCE, were poorly preserved.[31] The find was notable for the extent of preserved clothing which included a wool cap, deer skin shoes, a cow hide cape, and woollen undergarments.[32][33] Very little remains of this bog body, however, the clothing is exceptionally preserved.
Esterweger Dose Child Germany 1164 CE Undetermined 1939 Little is published about this find.
Exloërmond Man Netherlands 365–150 BCE Male 1914 Image The Exloërmond Man was discovered on 15 May 1914 under 1.9 feet of the peat. The body was naked and had no other items were found at the location. Most of his right arm and left foot did not survive the 2000-some years in the bog. The front of the remains were not as well preserved as the back, which caused it to be hard to tell which gender the corpse was. After examination, remains of beard stubble was found on his face, which concluded the body to be male. The reason and cause of his death is unknown.[34]
Frær Mose Woman

Fraermose Woman

Denmark Female 1842 The woman's foot was unearthed four feet under the surface of the bog. A well preserved wool garment and a shoe were found with her.[35]
Gadevang Man Denmark 480–60 BCE[36] Male 1940 Skull This bog body was completely skeletonised when he was unearthed from the peat. Examination revealed that he was approximately 35–50 years of age at the time of his death. A hole in his skull shows evidence of primitive surgery. [37]
Galagh Man Ireland 400–200 BCE Male 1821 Galagh Man.jpg The man was discovered lying on his side 9 feet below the surface of an Irish bog in 1821. A willow rod was found around his neck, which was most likely used to strangle him. A cape was found on one of his lower legs. Two wooden pegs fastened him to the ground which probably prevented him from becoming a wiedergänger. The body is on display in the National Museum of Ireland.[38]
Girl of the Bareler Moor Germany 260–395 CE Female 1784 This body was cut into pieces when it was unearthed and sent to several institutes in Germany and Denmark which were all lost except a part of her right breast.
Girl of the Uchter Moor Germany 764–515 BCE Female 2000 Skelett Moora Denkmalinstitut.jpg

Reconstruction

Also known as Moora. The girl's preserved hand was discovered five years after her skeleton. Her skull was reconstructed from clay and digitally to show how she may have appeared in life. She was around 17–19 when she was deposited in the bog. Examination shows that she had been malnourished, a curved spine, and had two skull fractures that had healed.
Grauballe Man Denmark 290 BCE Male 1952 Grauballemannen1.jpg Studies show Grauballe Man was most likely a ritual sacrifice victim. His fingers had been so perfectly preserved in the bog, that his finger prints had been taken, the same with Old Croghan Man. The man's face had been reconstructed to show what he had looked like when he was alive.
Grewelthorphe Body Yorkshire, England -- Undetermined 1850 This bog body was described to have been wearing brightly colored clothing when it was unearthed. The body was then taken to a church graveyard and was buried. However, fragments of the shoes had been removed from the corpse by a police man and are all that remain of the body.[8]
Haraldskær Woman

Haraldskjaer Woman

Denmark 500–401 BCE Female 1835 Gunhild.jpg For some time, The Haraldskær Woman was thought to have been the Norwegian Queen Gunnhild, until carbon-14 dating proved she was much older. Studies show she was around 50 years old and in good health when she died. Her clothes were placed on top of her naked body.
Hogenseth Man Germany Male 1920 The man was around 40–60 years old when he died. Because the body was left uncovered over night, the remains had been destroyed by townsfolk. Because of this, no carbon-14 dating could have been done.[39]
Huldremose Woman

Huldre Fen Woman

Denmark 160 BCE-340 CE Female 1879 Huldremosekvinnan.jpg Huldremose Woman is the name of the bog body of an elderly Iron Age woman discovered in 1879 near Ramten, Jutland, Denmark. The body, found clothed in a wool skirt and two skin capes, dated between 160 BCE and 340 CE. At the time of death, the woman was more than 40 years old—considered elderly for people of that time period.[40] Her right arm was severed, but the injury was determined to have probably occurred by shovels during the unearthing. A wool cord tied her hair and enveloped her neck but forensic analysis found no indication of death by strangulation.[41]

According to recent isotope analysis parts of her clothing's wool had been imported from northern Norway or Sweden.[42]

Hunteburg Foot Germany 1215–1300 CE Male 1938 The foot was found with a long shafted boot.
Hunteburg Men (Hunteburg I + II) Germany 245–450 CE Male 1949 Image Two men buried in the same grave, wrapped in cloaks. Their bodies were lost during conservation.
Hunteburg Man III Germany 40 BCE – 70 CE Male 1949 Little is published about this find.
Husbäke I Germany 1000–300 BCE Male 1931 This specimen had deteriorated so severely that it was destroyed in the 1950s.
Husbäke Man Germany 57–420 CE Male 1936 Husbäke Man 1936.jpg The man was found in 1936, lying face down in a bog in Ammerland, Germany. He had eaten fish before his death (in the Roman period) according to analysis of his intestines. He was around 20 years old at the time of his death.[43] His face was reconstructed to show what he may have looked like when he was alive.[44]
Johann Spieker Germany 1828 CE Male 1978 Johann Spieker was a hawker who died in the Goldenstedter moor. He was later reburied. Little is published about this find.
Jührdenerfeld Man

Bockhornerfeld Man

Germany 400 BCE-0 CE Male 1934 Mann aus Jührdenerfeld.jpg The body was discovered lying on its right side. Like the Windeby bodies, Dätgen man, and other bog bodies, some sticks were on top of him, probably to hold his body down, or to prevent him from becoming a wiedergänger. A piece of wool fabric and an animal skin cape were found on top of his body. He is currently on display at the Landesmuseum Natur und Mensch with the Husbäke man in Oldenburg,Germany.[45]
Kayhausen Boy Germany 300–400 BCE Male 1922 Kayhausen Boy.jpg Found in Lower-Saxony the body was determined to be that of a male child, approximately eight to ten years of age at the time of his death.[46] His arms and feet were bound together with cloth torn from clothing, and a fur cape. Examination concluded that he had been stabbed three to four centimeters deep, three times in the neck and once on his left arm. It is thought that the wound on the boy's arm had happened when the boy may have raised his arm in an act of self-defense towards his attacker. A recent examination of the body shows that the weapon used to murder the child was a dagger with a four centimeter blade. [47][48] A possible reason for the boy's demise is that he had suffered from an infected socket at the top of his femur, and hence wouldn't have been able to walk without assistance. Because of the high incidence of deformities among bog bodies, such as the Yde Girl, anthropologists have suggested that the disabled were sacrificed because they were considered to be unfavored by their gods.[30] The boy's body is preserved in a formalin solution.
Kibbelgaarn body Netherlands Male 1791 The body was discovered in the Bourtanger Moor, as well as the Neu-Versen Man and the Weerdinge Men. The remains were ground and used for Mumia, which was a substance used for medicine in earlier times. No remains have survived.
Koelbjerg Woman Denmark 8000 BCE Female 1941 Skull Thought to be the oldest bog body to date,[49] she was around 25 years of age when she died. There were no traces of violence found on her skeletal remains.
Lindow Woman
(Lindow I)
England 250 CE Female 1983 Lindow Woman's partial skull fragment was originally thought to be the deceaced wife of Peter Reyn-Bardt, who confessed to her murder after the discovery. But after the skull was dated, it was proven to be much older than Mrs. Reyn-Bardt. Peter Reyn-Bardt was convicted for his wife's murder anyway.
Lindow Man
England 2 BCE-119 CE Male 1984 Lindow Man, British Museum.jpg

Reconstruction

-
Lindow III England Early Iron Age[50] Male 1987 The body was severed into over seventy pieces by the turf cutting machine. Little is published about this find.
Lindow IV England -- Male 1988 A theory states that these partial remains may be the lower half of Lindow Man.
Luttra Woman

"Hallonflickan"

Sweden 3105-2935 BCE Female 1943 Hallonflickans kranium.jpg Because there were very many raspberry seeds found around the stomach area, the body was dubbed "Hallonflickan" (meaning "Raspberry Girl" in English). She was 20-25 years old when she had died. The cause of the her death remains a mystery, however, a flint arrowhead was found near where the body was discovered three years before. She was buried in open water, due to the evidence of aquatic snails. The soft tissues of the body had not survived, resulting in skeletonization.
Meenybradden Woman Ireland 1050–1410 CE Female 1978 Image The Meenybradden Woman is an Irish Bog body discovered in 1978. She was believed to be around 25–30 years old at her time of death. The Meenybradden woman's cloak has brought in a bit of controversy. The body was found to be around 500 years older than the cloak that her remains were wrapped in.[51] Her body was buried about one meter deep into the bog. She was examined by Dr. John Harbison.[52] Her cloak has been dated by textile typology to 16th–17th century, a 14C-dating has not yet been performed on the garment.
Mulkeeragh Man Northern Ireland -- Male 1753 This bog body was found wearing a military uniform and a cloak. The body was later reburied.
Nederfrederiksmose body

Kraglund Man
Frederiksdal Man

Netherlands Presumed Male 1898 Nederfrederiksmose Man 1898.jpg Also known as Kragelund Man and Frederiksdal Man. The first bog body to be photographed before being moved from where it was discovered.[53][54]
Neu England Man Germany 140–320 CE Male 1941 Neu-England Man (cropped).jpg This man was believed to be from 40 to 50 years old when he died.[55]
Neu Versen Man

Roter Franz

Germany 220–430 CE Male 1900 Roter Franz Hannover.jpg The Neu Versen Man, also known as Roter Franz (or Red Franz in English), was discovered in 1900 in the Bourtanger Moor on the border of Germany and the Netherlands. The body dates to 220–430 CE of the Roman Iron Age.[56] The nickname of Red Franz derived from his red hair and beard. It was discovered that he was killed by having his throat slit, along with an arrow wound and a broken shoulder.[53][57]
Obenaltendorf Man Germany 380 CE Male 1895 Obenaltendorf.jpg

1911 drawing of how his clothes would have been worn.

Little remains of the body, but the clothing was preserved fairly well.
Old Croghan Man Ireland 362–175 BCE Male 2003 Old Croghan Man.jpg The Old Croughan Man was found in the same year as Clonycavan Man. Only the torso was discovered, lacking a head and abdomen. He was believed to have been 6'6'' tall, and to have been a wealth individual, since his hands lacked evidence of any hard labor.
Osterby Man Germany 70–220 BCE[23] Male 1948 Osterby Man.jpg The Osterby Man was discovered in a bog near Osterby, Germany, when two peat cutters were working. They unearthed the head two feet below the surface, which was wrapped in a roedeer skin cape. Scientists from the Archäologisches Landesmuseum Schleswig-Holstein estimated the man to have been around 50–60 years of age when he was killed. The man was decapitated; no other part of his body was ever found. His hair was in the Suebian knot (also known as the Swabian knot) hairstyle. The man's hair had probably been a light blond color, but after being in the bog for a few thousand years, it turned a bright red.[58] The knot dates back to around 2,000 years ago, where the Suebian knot was a common hair style. The Roman historian Tacitus described this style as typical of the Suebi tribe.[59] The head is mainly a skull, but there is still a small amount of skin on it.[60] The cause of the man's death was a blow to the left temple.[61] A 2007 re-examination showed that the jawbone of the head did not belong on the skull.[62]
Pangerfilze Man Germany 1700-1800 AD Male 1927 No remains of the body have survived. The body had possibly been destroyed during WWII. Little is published about this find.
Peiting Woman Germany 1380–1440 CE[63] Female 1957 Image This bog body was nicknamed "Rosalinde". The corpse was found in a wooden coffin.
Porsmose Man Denmark 2600 BCE Male 1946 Porsmose Man.jpg This skeletonized bog body was that of a 35–40 year old man[64] that was found in 1946. The skeleton is most famous for the arrow head which pierced the man's nose, but he was not killed by this wound; but rather by an arrow that pierced his aorta. The arrows are presumed to have been fired from a close distance and from above.[64]
Prestatyn Child Wales 90 CE Unknown 1984 Very little is known about this bog body. It was found to have been pegged down with sticks, such as Windeby I.
Rendswühren Man Germany 50 CE Male 1871 Rendswühren Man.jpg The Rendswühren Man was discovered in 1871, at the Heidmoor Fen, near Kiel in Germany. He was examined by autopsy which was the only way of examination.

Professor P.V. Glob wrote that Rendswühren Man was estimated to have been 40–50 years of age when he was battered to death, which left a triangular hole in his head. He was found naked, with a piece of leather on his left leg. A cape was found near him. After discovery, his corpse was smoked for preservation.[65] His skull had deteriorated so it had needed reconstruction.[66] Textile typologically the clothing found with the body has been dated into the Roman Iron Age of the 1st or 2nd century AD which has been confirmed by a carbon-14 dating of parts of the remains.[56]

Roum Woman Denmark Iron Age Female 1942 Image Only her head was discovered. she was around 20 years old at the time she died. Also known as Roum Fen/Mose Woman. The sheepskin that the head was wrapped in dates to the early Iron Age.[6]
Röst Girl Germany 200 BCE – 80 CE Female 1926 Röst Girl.jpg The corpse was destroyed during the Second World War, which left only the cloak to scientifically date.
Sedelsberger Dose Man Germany 1040–1210 CE Male 1939 The Sedelsberger Dose Man was completely skeletonized. Little is published about this find.
Sigersdal Mose Skeletons Denmark 3650–3140 BCE Male?[67] 1949 Skull These two people were around 16 and 19 when they died. One skull had a very large trauma wound on its left side.
Søgårds Man

Sogaard Man

Denmark 360 BCE – 240 CE Male 1944 Legs Only the feet and legs were preserved.[68]
Sorø Skeletons Denmark 3500 BCE Male 1942 Skull

Deformed bones

The collective name for two skeletons with deformities and evidence of surgery.
Stidsholt Woman Denmark Female 1859 Image The Stidsholt Woman is the severed head of a woman discovered in 1859. She was decapitated by a blow to the third and fourth vertebrae. Her hair is a dark red, which comes from the chemicals in peat bogs. Her hair had been tied into a knot, and fastened with a woven band, which was unfortunately destroyed. Her head was never scientifically dated, and the rest of her body was never found.[48] Her hair was 20 inches long. She is also known as the Stidsholt Fen Woman and the Stidsholtmose Woman.[69] Her head is on display in the Copenhagen Museum in Denmark.[70]
Stoneyisland Man Ireland 3320–3220 BCE Male 1929 Known to be Ireland's oldest bog body.
Tollund Man Denmark 400 BCE Male 1950 Moorleiche von Tollund Jütland um 100 n Chr hingerichtet.jpg The Tollund Man is noted to be the best preserved bog body. Only his head remains original in his display due to lack of preservation knowledge at the time of discovery.
Tumbeagh body Ireland 1420–1630 CE Undetermined 1998 The corpse was in multiple pieces, where only the two legs had survived. In the same year as its discovery a book was written about this find.
Weerdinge Men
(Nieuw-Weerdinge Men)

 (i) listen { Roughly ʋyr-dɪŋ ]

Netherlands 160 BCE – 220 CE Male 1904 Image Found in the Bourtanger moor, as well as Neu Versen Man. Also known as Weerdinge Couple and "Mr. & Mrs. Veenstra", since they had originally thought to be a man and a woman.
Wijster Bodies Netherlands 1435–1625 CE Male 1901 Hand Four males were found in the bog, one of which being around 16 years old. They were found with clothing and other artifacts, such as coins. Only a partial skull fragment and a hand remain out of all four people.[7]
Windeby I Germany 41–118 CE Male[71] 1952 Windeby I upper-body.jpg One of the best preserved German bog bog bodies. Studies by Professor Heather Gill-Robinson show that the body was male, and not female. His reconstructed head is on display.
Windeby II Germany 380–185 BCE Male 1952 Image Found soon after Windeby I. The bones were decalcified and the clothes he may hae worn had dissolved from being in the peat for so long. He had been stragled with a hazel rod which was wrapped around his neck.[72]
Worsley Man England 120 CE Male 1958 Side
Front
The Worsley man had beed garrotted and beheaded. He was around 20–30 years of age when he was killed.
Windover Skeletons United States 6000–5000 BCE Males and females 1982 Image The only bog bodies that were discovered in the United States.
Yde Girl

 (i) listen [ ɪdə ]

Netherlands 54 BCE – 128 CE Female 1897 DrentseBody.jpg She was around 16 years old when she died. She is famous for being only 4 feet and 7 inches tall when she was alive. She had a curvature in her spine that was caused by scoliosis Her face was reconstructed in 1992 by forensic facial reconstructionist Richard Neave.
Zweeloo Woman Netherlands 500 CE Female 1951 Skin The body consists of the bones, internal organs and skin.[73] The woman had been placed into a large pit in the bog. She had lived with dyschondrosteosis causing short forearms and legs. She was around 35 years old. She also was found with round worms and whipworm. Her cause of death is unknown.[74]

References

  1. ^ Van Der Sanden, Wijnand A. B.; Sabine (2006). "Imaginary People". Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt 36 (1): 111–122. ISSN 0342-734X. 
  2. ^ Lange, Karen E. (2007). "Tales From the Bog". National Geographic (September 2007). http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2007/09/bog-bodies/bog-bodies-text.html. 
  3. ^ NOVA | The Perfect Corpse | Bog Bodies of the Iron Age (non-Flash). PBS. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  4. ^ Waller, Symeon. "Bog Body in Doncaster!." Doncaster History. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2011. [1].
  5. ^ Turner, R.C., and M Rhodes. "A bog body and its shoes from Amcotts Lincolnshiere." Antiquaries Journal 72 (1992): 1-3. Web. 11 Oct. 2011.
  6. ^ a b c Glob, Peter V. The Bog People: Iron-Age Man Preserved. Trans. Rupert Bruce-Mitford. Ithaca, New York: Faber and Faber Limited, 1969. 82–100. Print.
  7. ^ a b Den Blauwen Swaen|History|Bogbodies|Netherlands. Denblauwenswaen.nl (29 June 1904). Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  8. ^ a b c "Den Blauwen Swaen|History|Bogbodies|United Kingdom & Ireland". Denblauwenswaen.nl. http://www.denblauwenswaen.nl/public/sites/english/history/bogbodies/bogbodies_united_kingdom_and_ireland.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-20. 
  9. ^ Moorleiche. Landesmuseum-emden.de. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  10. ^ AB Wijnand van der Sanden: Mummies from the Bog. The prehistoric and Early Historical Bog Corpses from Northwestern Europe. Batavian Lion International, Amsterdam 1996 , ISBN 90-6707-416-0 , pp. 85, 7
  11. ^ Gisle Bang . The Age of a Stone Age human skeleton Determined by Means of root dentin Tranparencey in: Norwegian Archaeological Review. No. 26, 1993 , p. 55-57.
  12. ^ Borremose Woman. Mummytombs.com. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  13. ^ a b doi:10.1016/j.jas.2003.09.012. (PDF) . Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  14. ^ Rosendahl, Wilfried, Markus Bertling, and Heather Gill-Frerking. "The Bog Dog From Burlage." Mummies of the World. Ed. Alfried Wieczorek and Wilfried Rosendahl. First ed. 2009. 298-99. Print.
  15. ^ by admin (2011-08-11). "Irish bog bodies, some recent discoveries | Irish Archaeology". Irisharchaeology.ie. http://irisharchaeology.ie/2011/08/irish-bog-bodies-recent-discoveries/. Retrieved 2011-11-20. 
  16. ^ "Morning Ireland: Bog body to be removed to the National Museum - Audio - RTÉ News Player". Rte.ie. 2011-08-12. http://www.rte.ie/news/av/2011/0812/media-3024076.html. Retrieved 2011-11-20. 
  17. ^ Hobbies « Citizen's Free Press Ireland: News Line
  18. ^ Lostchildreninthewilderness.wordpress.com
  19. ^ Hilts, Carly. "Uncovering the secrets of Cashel Man". Current Archaeology. http://www.archaeology.co.uk/news-features/news-not-bog-standard.htm. Retrieved 2011-10-07. 
  20. ^ a b c "Feature: British Archaeology 110, January / February 2010". Britarch.ac.uk. http://www.britarch.ac.uk/ba/ba110/feat4.shtml. Retrieved 2011-11-20. 
  21. ^ File:Damendorf Man.jpg – Wikimedia Commons
  22. ^ Damendorf Man. Mummytombs.com. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  23. ^ a b Archaeology Magazine – Bodies of the Bogs – Clothing and Hair Styles. Archaeology.org. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  24. ^ Datgen Man. Mummytombs.com. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  25. ^ Qwika – Moorleiche von Dätgen. Wikipedia.qwika.com. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  26. ^ Archaeological Institute of America: Violence in the Bogs. Archaeology.org. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  27. ^ Vandkilde, Helle (2003), "Tollund Man", in Bogucki, Crabtree, Ancient Europe 8000 B.C. – A.D. 1000: Encyclopedia of the Barbarian World, 1, London: Charles Scribner's Sons, p. 27 
  28. ^ Tollundman.dk (Danish)
  29. ^ Silkeborgmuseum.dk. Silkeborgmuseum.dk. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  30. ^ a b WAC6.org[dead link]
  31. ^ D. Sivrev, et al, Modern Day Plastination Techniques – Successor of Ancient Embalming Methods, Trakia Journal of Sciences, 2005, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp 48–51
  32. ^ "Clothing and Hair Styles of the Bog People ", "Bodies of the Bogs, Archaeological Institute of America, 10 December 1997
  33. ^ Featured Netherlands Mummy Museums: Drents Museum in Assen: Emmer-Erscheidenveen Man. Mummytombs.com. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  34. ^ Van Vilsteren, Vincent T. "Bodies Buried in Bogs-The Drents Museum in Assen, the Netherlands." Mummies of the World. Ed. Alfried Wieczorek and Wilfried Rosendahl. 2010. 300-01. Print.
  35. ^ Glob, Peter V. The Bog People: Iron-Age Man Preserved. Trans. Rupert Bruce-Mitford. Ithaca, New York: Faber and Faber Limited, 1969. 80–82. Print.
  36. ^ Archaeology Magazine – Bodies of the Bogs – Pathologies of the Bog Bodies. Archaeology.org. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  37. ^ "Pathologies of the Bog Bodies ." Archaeology Magazine. N.p., 1997. Web. 28 Oct. 2011. http://www.archaeology.org/online/features/bog/physical.html.
  38. ^ Gallagh Man. Mummytombs.com. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  39. ^ Hajo Hayen: Die Moorleiche aus Hogenseth 1920. In: Archäologische Mitteilungen aus Nordwestdeutschland. 2, 1979, ISSN 0170-5776, S. 46-48.
  40. ^ "he woman from Huldremose", Meet Danish Prehistory, Nationalmuseet, retrieved 3 February 2010
  41. ^ "How did the Huldremose woman die?", Meet Danish Prehistory, Nationalmuseet, retrieved 3 February 2010
  42. ^ Karin Margarita Freia, Irene Skalsc, Margarita Glebaa, Henriette Lyngstrømb: The Huldremose Iron Age textiles, Denmark: an attempt to define their provenance applying the strontium isotope system. In: Journal of Archaeological Science. 36, No. 9, 22 November 2011, p. 1965–1971 (doi:doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2003.10.071).
  43. ^ Husbake Man. Mummytombs.com. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  44. ^ Paleopathology, forensics and reconstruction of the bog bodies from Northern Germany. Research-projects.uzh.ch. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  45. ^ Bockhornerfeld Man. Mummytombs.com. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  46. ^ Archaeology.about.com. Archaeology.about.com (4 August 2010). Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  47. ^ Madea, Burkhard, Johanna Preuss, and Frank Musshoff. "From Flourishing Life to Dust-The Natural Cycle." Mummies of the World. Ed. Alfried Wieczorek and Wilfried Rosendahl. First ed. 2010. 28. Print
  48. ^ a b Archaeology.org. Archaeology.org. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  49. ^ Archaeology Magazine – Bodies of the Bogs – Koelbjerg Woman. Archaeology.org. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  50. ^ http://www.clannada.org/culture_burial.php
  51. ^ Meenybradden Woman. Mummytombs.com (3 May 1978). Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  52. ^ Irish Peatland Conservation Council – information sheets – Bog Bodies. Ipcc.ie. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  53. ^ a b Bog Bodies – Photo Gallery – National Geographic Magazine. Ngm.nationalgeographic.com (17 October 2002). Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  54. ^ Frederiksdalmanden. Frederiksdal-info.dk. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  55. ^ Neu England Man. Mummytombs.com. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  56. ^ a b J. van der Plicht, W. A. B. van der Sanden, A. T. Aerts and H. J. Streurman, "Dating bog bodies by means of 14C-AMS", Journal of Archaeological Science Volume 31, Issue 4, April 2004, Pages 471–491
  57. ^ "Violence in the Bogs ", Bodies of the Bogs, Archaeological Institute of America, 10 December 1997
  58. ^ Mummytombs.com. Mummytombs.com. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  59. ^ PBS.org. PBS.org. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  60. ^ Books.google.com. Books.google.com (25 August 2003). Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  61. ^ PBS.org. None. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  62. ^ "Osterby Man". Mummytombs.com. http://www.mummytombs.com/bog/osterby.htm. Retrieved 2011-11-20. 
  63. ^ Brigitte Haas-Gebhard, Klaus Püschel (2009) (in German), Die Frau aus dem Moor – Teil 1, Bayerische Vorgeschichtsblätter, 74, Beck, pp. 239–268, ISBN 978-3-406-11079-5, ISSN 0341-3918 
  64. ^ a b Weapons, violence and death in the Neolithic period – Oldtiden. Oldtiden.natmus.dk. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  65. ^ Mummytombs.com. Mummytombs.com. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  66. ^ Gill-Frerking, Heather. "Bog Bodies-Preserved form Peat." Mummies of the World. Ed. Alfried Wieczorek and Wilfried Rosendahl. 2010. 64-6. Print.
  67. ^ Human sacrifice in the early Neolithic period – Oldtiden. Oldtiden.natmus.dk. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  68. ^ Archaeology Magazine – Bodies of the Bogs – Clothing and Hair Styles. Archaeology.org. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  69. ^ Books.google.com. Books.google.com. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  70. ^ Mummytombs.com. Mummytombs.com. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  71. ^ Windeby I, Girl...or Boy?. Mummytombs.com. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  72. ^ Veenlijken Duitsland. Denblauwenswaen.nl (16 February 2007). Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  73. ^ List of Contents: Bodies from the Bog by James M. Deem. Jamesmdeem.com. Retrieved on 15 September 2011.
  74. ^ Wieczorek, Alfried; Rosendahl, Wilfried (2010). Heather Gill-Frerking. ed. Mummies of the World. New York, NY United States: Prestel Publishing Ltd.. pp. 301, 302. ISBN 978-3-7913-5030-1. 

External links


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно решить контрольную?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Bog body — Tollund Man lived in the 4th century BCE. Bog bodies, which are also known as bog people, are the naturally preserved human corpses found in the sphagnum bogs in Northern Europe. Unlike most ancient human remains, bog bodies have retained… …   Wikipedia

  • List of national parks of Sweden — …   Wikipedia

  • List of North Carolina state parks — The State of North Carolina has a group of protected areas known as the North Carolina State Park System, which is managed by the North Carolina Division of Parks Recreation (NCDPR), an agency of the North Carolina Department of Environment and… …   Wikipedia

  • List of Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd edition monsters — See also: Lists of Dungeons Dragons monsters This is the list of Advanced Dungeons Dragons 2nd edition monsters, an important element of that role playing game.[1] This list only includes monsters from official Advanced Dungeons Dragons 2nd… …   Wikipedia

  • List of firsts — This is a list of the first man/woman/object etc., to do something or the first occurrence of an event.GovernmentLaws and Constitution*First law written in cuneiform by Urukagina 2350 BC *First written Constitution the oldest modern, national,… …   Wikipedia

  • List of mammals of Connecticut — This List of mammals in Connecticut includes both native and nonnative species (introduced or invasive) found in the state now or in the past, but not domesticated or farm animals.Many mammals formerly extirpated in the state have returned,… …   Wikipedia

  • List of My Little Pony characters — This is a list of characters from the long running My Little Pony toy franchise. The My Little Pony franchise first debuted in the year 1400 B.C., the creation of American illustrator and designer Bonnie Zacherle. Together with sculptor Charles… …   Wikipedia

  • List of Magic: The Gathering characters: E — The fictional multiverse of the Wizards of the Coast Magic: The Gathering trading card game, introduced in 1993, has many characters. This alphabetic list includes characters to which the flavor text on the cards is atributted or who are… …   Wikipedia

  • List of fictional plants — Fictional plants are plants that have been invented, and do not exist in real life. Fictional plants appear in films, literature, television, or other media. Plants from fiction * Adele: a giant carnivorous plant from the comedy film Adele Hasn t …   Wikipedia

  • List of Mystery Hunters episodes — This is a list of episodes of the Discovery Kids TV series Mystery Hunters. Contents 1 Season 1 2 Season 2 3 Season 3 4 Season 4 Season 1 …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”