DNA codon table

DNA codon table

The genetic code is traditionally represented as a RNA codon table due to the biochemical nature of the protein translation process. However, with the rise of computational biology and genomics, proteins have become increasingly studied at a genomic level. As a result, the practice of representing the genetic code as a DNA codon table has become more popular. The DNA codons in such tables occur on the sense DNA strand and are arranged in a 5' → 3' direction.

nonpolar polar basic acidic (stop codon)
  2nd base
T C A G
1st base T TTT (Phe/F) Phenylalanine TCT (Ser/S) Serine TAT (Tyr/Y) Tyrosine TGT (Cys/C) Cysteine
TTC (Phe/F) Phenylalanine TCC (Ser/S) Serine TAC (Tyr/Y) Tyrosine TGC (Cys/C) Cysteine
TTA (Leu/L) Leucine TCA (Ser/S) Serine TAA Stop (Ochre) TGA Stop (Opal)
TTG (Leu/L) Leucine TCG (Ser/S) Serine TAG Stop (Amber) TGG (Trp/W) Tryptophan    
C CTT (Leu/L) Leucine CCT (Pro/P) Proline CAT (His/H) Histidine CGT (Arg/R) Arginine
CTC (Leu/L) Leucine CCC (Pro/P) Proline CAC (His/H) Histidine CGC (Arg/R) Arginine
CTA (Leu/L) Leucine CCA (Pro/P) Proline CAA (Gln/Q) Glutamine CGA (Arg/R) Arginine
CTG (Leu/L) Leucine CCG (Pro/P) Proline CAG (Gln/Q) Glutamine CGG (Arg/R) Arginine
A ATT (Ile/I) Isoleucine ACT (Thr/T) Threonine         AAT (Asn/N) Asparagine AGT (Ser/S) Serine
ATC (Ile/I) Isoleucine ACC (Thr/T) Threonine AAC (Asn/N) Asparagine AGC (Ser/S) Serine
ATA (Ile/I) Isoleucine ACA (Thr/T) Threonine AAA (Lys/K) Lysine AGA (Arg/R) Arginine
ATG[†] (Met/M) Methionine ACG (Thr/T) Threonine AAG (Lys/K) Lysine AGG (Arg/R) Arginine
G GTT (Val/V) Valine GCT (Ala/A) Alanine GAT (Asp/D) Aspartic acid GGT (Gly/G) Glycine
GTC (Val/V) Valine GCC (Ala/A) Alanine GAC (Asp/D) Aspartic acid GGC (Gly/G) Glycine
GTA (Val/V) Valine GCA (Ala/A) Alanine GAA (Glu/E) Glutamic acid GGA (Gly/G) Glycine
GTG (Val/V) Valine GCG (Ala/A) Alanine GAG (Glu/E) Glutamic acid GGG (Gly/G) Glycine
† The first ATG in a coding sequence both codes for methionine and indicates where translation into protein will begin in the corresponding mRNA.[1]
A mapping of amino acids and stop signals to DNA codons
Amino Acid/Signal Codons Amino Acid/Signal Codons
A GCT, GCC, GCA, GCG C TGT, TGC
D GAT, GAC E GAA, GAG
F TTT, TTC G GGT, GGC, GGA, GGG
H CAT, CAC I ATT, ATC, ATA
K AAA, AAG L TTA, TTG, CTT, CTC, CTA, CTG
M ATG N AAT, AAC
P CCT, CCC, CCA, CCG Q CAA, CAG
R CGT, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, AGG S TCT, TCC, TCA, TCG, AGT, AGC
T ACT, ACC, ACA, ACG V GTT, GTC, GTA, GTG
W TGG Y TAT, TAC
START ATG STOP TAA, TGA, TAG

See also

References

  1. ^ Nakamoto T (March 2009). "Evolution and the universality of the mechanism of initiation of protein synthesis". Gene 432 (1-2): 1–6. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2008.11.001. PMID 19056476. 

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