Intravenous sugar solution
- Intravenous sugar solution
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An intravenous sugar solution is a solution with a sugar (usually glucose or dextrose, with water as the solvent) used for intravenous therapy, where it may function both as a volume expander and a means of parenteral nutrition.
Types
Types of glucose/dextrose include:
- D5W (5% dextrose in water), which consists of 278 mmol/L dextrose
- D5NS (5% dextrose in normal saline), which, in addition, contains normal saline (0.90% w/v of NaCl).
- D5 1/2NS (5% dextrose in half amount of normal saline (0.45% w/v of NaCl).[1]
The percentage is a mass percentage, so a 5% glucose/dextrose solution contains 50 mg/ml of glucose/dextrose.
Glucose provides energy 4 kcal/gram, so a 5% glucose solution provides 0.2 kcal/ml. Dextrose, on the other hand, is usually given as dextrose monohydrate, which yields 3.4 kcal/gram, corresponding to 0.17 kcal/ml for a 5% dextrose monohydrate solution.[2]
Indications
Administering a 5% sugar solution peri- and postoperatively usually achieves a good balance between starvation reactions and hyperglycemia caused by sympathetic activation. A 10% solution may be more appropriate when the stress response from the reaction has decreased, after approximately one day after surgery. After more than approximately 2 days, a more complete regimen of total parenteral nutrition is indicated.
See also
References
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Medications
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Parenteral nutrition
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Sugar
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Other
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