Kosmos-3M

Kosmos-3M
Kosmos-3M
(R-14 11K65M)
Drawing of the Kosmos-3M
Drawing of the Kosmos-3M
Function Orbital carrier rocket
Manufacturer Yuzhnoye/NPO Polyot
Country of origin Soviet Union (Russia)
Size
Height 32.4 m (106.2 ft)
Diameter 2.4 m (7.8 ft)
Mass 109,000 kg (240,000 lb)
Stages 2
Capacity
Payload to
LEO
1,500 kilograms (3,300 lb)
Payload to
SSO
775 kilograms (1,710 lb)
Launch history
Status In service
Launch sites Plesetsk Site 132 & 133/3
Kapustin Yar Site 107
Total launches 444
Successes 424
Failures 20
Maiden flight 15 May 1967
First Stage - R-14U
Engines 1 RD-216
Thrust 1,486 kilonewtons (334,000 lbf)
Specific impulse 291 sec
Burn time 170 seconds
Fuel IRFNA/UDMH
Second Stage
Engines 1 RD-219
Thrust 883 kilonewtons (199,000 lbf)
Specific impulse 293 sec
Burn time 1620 seconds
Fuel IRFNA/UDMH

The Kosmos-3M (Russian: Космос-3М meaning "Cosmos", GRAU index 11K65M) is a Russian space launch vehicle. It is a liquid-fueled two-stage rocket, first launched in 1967 and with over 420 successful launches to its name. The Cosmos 3M uses nitrogen tetroxide as an oxidizer to lift roughly 1400 kg of payload into orbit. It differed from the earlier Cosmos 3 in its finer control of the second-stage burn, allowing operators to tune the thrust and even channel it through nozzles that helped orient the rocket for the launching of multiple satellites at one time. PO Polyot has manufactured these launch vehicles in the Russian town of Omsk for decades. It was originally scheduled to be retired from service in 2011,[1] however in April 2010 the Commander of the Russian Space Forces confirmed that it would be retired by the end of 2010.[2] One rocket remains to be launched.

Contents

Launches

First launched in 1967, with over 420 successful launches to date (2009).

Satellite Date Carrier Site
Aryabhata 19 April 1975 Kosmos-3M Kapustin Yar
Science and Technology Satellite STSAT-1 27 Sept 2003 Kosmos-3M [3]
SAR-Lupe-2 2 July 2007 Kosmos-3M Plesetsk
Kosmos-2429 11 September 2007 Kosmos-3M Plesetsk
SAR-Lupe 4 27 March 2008 Kosmos-3M Plesetsk
Orbcomm[4] On 19 June 2008 Kosmos-3M Kapustin Yar
SAR-Lupe 5 22 July 2008 Kosmos-3M Plesetsk
Kosmos 2454 (Parus)
Sterkh-1
21 July 2009 Kosmos-3M Plesetsk Site 132/1

Accidents

On June 26, 1973, the explosion of a Kosmos 3M at Plesetsk Cosmodrome killed 9 people.[5] In 1976, the explosion of a Kosmos 3M on its launchpad killed nine engineers.[citation needed] More recently, on November 21, 2000, a Kosmos 3M launcher failed to place the QuickBird 1 satellite into orbit due to a failure of its second stage. The rocket and satellite reentered the atmosphere over Uruguay, and an inquest into the accident was inconclusive.

References

External links



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