Conventions concerning Employment of Women during the Night

Conventions concerning Employment of Women during the Night

The Conventions concerning Employment of Women during the Night are conventions drafted by the International Labour Organization (ILO) which prohibit women from performing industrial work during the night. The first convention was adopted in 1919 (as C04, shortened Night Work (Women) Convention, 1919) and revised versions were adopted in 1934 (C41, Night Work (Women) Convention (Revised), 1934) and 1948 (C89, Night Work (Women) Convention (Revised), 1948). A protocol (P89, Protocol to the Night Work (Women) Convention (Revised), 1948) to the convention was adopted in 1990 allowing for easing of the restriction under conditions. As of April 2011 the conventions had 27, 15, 46 (undenounced) ratifications respectively. The protocol was ratified 5 and denounced by 2.

Contents

Content

All three conventions define night work as working during the an 11-hour period including the period 10 p.m. and 6 a.m. The prohibition to work for women is for industrial work: mining, manufacturing as well construction and maintenance. In the 1934 convention a provision is included allowing work in managerial functions, while in 1948 the possibility suspension of the convention was included "when in case of serious emergency the national interest demands it".

Technical provisions

All conventions entered into force upon or 12 months after the ratification of two ILO member states. For the first conference, implementing law had to be functional on 1 July 1922 at the latest. The revised conventions and the protocol entered into force 12 months after ratification. As common in later ILO conventions, accession to the 1948 automatically meant denouncement of the 1932 convention (but not the 1919 convention). Denouncement is further possible every 10 years in the year following the 10th, 20th, 30th etc anniversary of the convention.

Member states

An overview of number of ratifications of the conferences is shown below.

year of conclusion entry into force ratifications (current) denouncements
1919 13 June 1921 27 31
1934 22 November 1936 15 23
1948 27 February 1951 46 21
1990 (protocol) 15 March 1994[1] 3 2

As ratification did not imply denouncement of the 1919 convention, several countries are party to both the 1919 and the 1932 (11) or 1948 (8) convention. The 1948 convention was denounced by several countries as it was perceived discriminatory and in contradiction with the equality principle.[2]

Country 1919 1932 1948 1990 (protocol)
Afghanistan Active Active
Albania denounced
Algeria Active
Angola Active Active
Argentina denounced Active
Austria denounced denounced
Bahrein Active
Bangladesh Active Active
Belgium denounced denounced Active
Belize Active
Benin Active Active
Bolivia Active
Bosnia and Herzegovina Active
Brazil denounced denounced Active
Bulgaria denounced
Burkina Faso Active Active
Burundi Active Active
Cambodia Active
Cameroon denounced Active
Central African Republic Active Active
Chad Active Active
Chile denounced
Colombia Active
Comoros Active
Congo denounced denounced Active
Democratic Republic of the Congo Active Active
Costa Rica Active
Côte d'Ivoire Active Active
Cuba Active denounced
Cyprus denounced denounced
Czech Republic denounced denounced
Djibouti Active
Dominican Republic denounced
Egypt denounced Active
Estonia Active
France denounced denounced denounced
Gabon Active Active
Ghana Active
Greece denounced denounced denounced
Guatemala Active
Guinea-Bissau Active Active
Guinea denounced denounced Active
Hungary denounced denounced
India Active denounced Active Active
Iraq denounced Active
Ireland denounced denounced denounced
Italy denounced Active
Kenia Active
Kuwait Active
Lebanon Active
Laos Active
Libya Active
Lithuania denounced
Luxembourg denounced denounced
Macedonia Active
Madagascar Active denounced Active Active
Malawi Active
Mali Active Active
Malta denounced denounced
Mauritania denounced denounced Active
Montenegro Active
Morocco Active Active
Myanmar denounced denounced
Netherlands denounced denounced denounced[A]
New Zealand denounced denounced
Nicaragua Active
Niger Active Active
Pakistan Active denounced Active
Panama Active
Paraguay Active
Peru denounced denounced
Philippines Active
Portugal denounced denounced
Romania denounced Active
Rwanda Active Active
Saudi Arabia Active
Senegal Active denounced Active
Serbia Active
Slovakia denounced
Slovenia Active
South Africa denounced denounced Active
Spain Active denounced
Sri Lanka denounced denounced denounced
Suriname Active
Swaziland Active
Switzerland denounced denounced denounced
Syria Active
Togo Active Active
Tunisia denounced Active Active
United Arab Emirates Active
United Kingdom denounced denounced
Uruguay denounced denounced
Venezuela denounced Active
Zambia denounced
A The Convention applies in Aruba, for which it was denounced in 18 April 2011.[3]

See Also

References

External links


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