St Mary's Church, Nottingham

St Mary's Church, Nottingham
St Mary's Church

St Mary's Church, Nottingham

St Mary's Church is located in Nottinghamshire
St Mary's Church
Location within Nottinghamshire
Coordinates: 52°57′4″N 1°8′34″W / 52.95111°N 1.14278°W / 52.95111; -1.14278
Country United Kingdom
Denomination Church of England
Churchmanship Book of Common Prayer / Broad Church
Website www.stmarysnottingham.org
Administration
Diocese Southwell and Nottingham
Province York
Clergy
Vicar(s) The Revd Christopher Harrision
Curate(s) The Revd Stephen Morris
Laity
Organist/Director of music John Anthony Keys

The Church of St Mary the Virgin is the oldest religious foundation[1] in the City of Nottingham, England, the largest church after the Roman Catholic Cathedral and the largest mediæval building in Nottingham.

The church is Grade I listed by the Department for Culture, Media & Sport as a building of outstanding architectural or historic interest.[2] It is one of only five Grade I listed buildings in the City of Nottingham.[3]

It is situated on High Pavement at the heart of the historic Lace Market district and is also known as St Mary's in the Lace Market. It is a member of the Greater Churches Group, and part of the parish of All Saints', St. Mary's and St. Peter's, Nottingham. A map of the parish is available on Google Maps

Contents

History

The church is mentioned in the Domesday Book[1] and is believed to go back deep into Saxon times. The main body of the present building (at least the third on the site) dates from the end of the reign of Edward III (1377) to that of Henry VII (1485–1509). The nave was finished before 1475 and it is notable for its uniformity of gothic perpendicular style.[4] It is likely that the south aisle wall was the first part of the building to be constructed in the early 1380s, with the remainder of the nave and transepts being from the early 15th century.[5] The tower was completed in the reign of Henry VIII.[6]

The high altar with the reredos by George Frederick Bodley

The church was owned by Lenton Priory from 1108 to 1538 [7] and the monks took the living of the church as Rector, and appointed a Vicar to perform the daily offices.

In 1513, a school was founded in the church by Dame Agnes Mellers as The Free School of the Town of Nottingham.[8] This is now Nottingham High School. In the Foundation Deed, Mellers provided that a Commemoration Service should be held in the church "on the Feast of The Translation of St Richard of Chichester". With the exception of the Goose Fair, it is the most ancient ceremonial event still perpetuated in the City of Nottingham,[9]

George Fox founder of the Religious Society of Friends, commonly known as the Quakers or Friends, was imprisoned in Nottingham in 1649 after interrupting the preacher at St. Mary's.

Nottingham Bluecoat School was founded in 1706, and the first lessons were taught in the porch of the church.

For several years from 1716, the church was used to house the town fire engine. It was kept at the west end, and was still there until at least 1770.[10]

St. Mary’s opened a workhouse in 1726 at the south end of Mansfield Road and ran it until 1834 when responsibility for workhouses was transferred from parishes to secular Boards of Guardians. The workhouse was demolished in 1895 to clear part of the site needed for the construction of the Nottingham Victoria railway station.[11]

The church was closed for 5 years from 1843 for a major restoration. It re-opened on 19 May 1848 when the Bishop of Lincoln John Kaye presided.[12]

First Sunday School

St. Mary’s pioneered Sunday School education for those children unable to attend a day school. Pupils were taught reading, writing and arithmetic, as well as religious knowledge. The first Sunday School was opened in 1751, 35 years before the generally acknowledged first Sunday School was founded in Gloucester by Robert Raikes.[13]

A society of good and well meaning persons which meet every Wednesday and Sunday evenings in the vestry of St. Mary's, pay yearly 6l. 8s. for the instruction of sixteen more poor children; and about six are put to school by the charity of private persons.[14]

New parishes created from St. Mary's

  • 1822 St. Paul's Church, George Street, Nottingham built as a chapel of ease
  • 1841 Holy Trinity Church, Trinity Square
  • 1844 St. John the Baptist's Church, Leenside, Nottingham (destroyed by enemy action in May 1941)
  • 1856 St. Mark's Church, Nottingham
  • 1856 St. Matthew's Church, Talbot Street
  • 1863 St. Ann's Church, Nottingham, with St Andrew’s created out of this parish, in 1871
  • 1863 St. Luke's Church, Nottingham
  • 1863 St. Saviour's, Arkwright Street
  • 1864 All Saints’, Raleigh Street as a chapel of ease (now merged again with St. Mary's following the unification with St. Peter's and All Saints').
  • 1881 Emmanuel Church, Woodborough Road in 1885
  • 1888 St. Catharine's, St. Ann's Well Road out of the parishes of St Mary, St Mark, St Luke and St Paul
  • 1903 St. Bartholomew's Church, Blue Bell Hill Road

Restorations

Chantry door

View of the old exterior of the Chantry door
View of the Chantry door from the north aisle

The chantry door is considered to be the oldest surviving door in Nottingham, dating from the 1370s or 1380s. it contains an example of iron work from the medieval period in the locking mechanism.[21]

The chantry room has latterly been used as a bonehouse, a coal store, and a chair store. It now contains a toilet for wheelchair users.

The survival of the door is likely to be due to the fact that it has not been heavily used, and is internal within the church.

List of vicars

[22]

  • 1086 Aitard
  • 1228 Thomas de Punignal
  • c1235 Nicholas (? of Ostia)
  • c1250 Philip de Norhamptone
  • c1266 William de Birley
  • c1279 Robert de Adinburg
  • 1289 Richard de Notingham
  • 1290 John de Ely
  • 1304 Robert de Dalby
  • 1313 Henry de Parva Halam
  • 1317 John de Ludham
  • 1322 John fil William Cosyn
  • 1347 John de la Launde
  • 1347 Robert de Wakebrigge
  • 1348 Richard de Radclyff
  • 1348 Roger de Nydingworth
  • 1349 Richard de Swanyngton
  • 1351 Thomas Pascayl
  • 1357 John Chatarez
  • 1357 John Lorymer, of Hoveden
  • 1364 John de Stapleford
  • 1371 William de Sandyacre
  • 1374 Robert de Retford
  • 1401 Richard de Chilwell
  • 1409 William Ode
  • 1442 William Wryght
  • 1461 John Hurt, S.T.D.
  • 1476 Thomas Turner, M.A.
  • 1498 John Greve, S.T.B.
  • 1499 Symeon Yates, Dec. B.
  • 1504 Richard Taverner LL.B.
  • 1534 Richard Mathew, Dec.B.
  • 1535 Richard Wylde, M.A.
  • 1554 Oliver Hawood
  • 1568 John Lowthe, LL.B.
  • 1572 William Underne
  • 1578 Robert Aldridge
  • 1616 Oliver Wytherington, M.A.
  • 1616 John Tolson, S.T.B.
  • 1617 Ralph Hansby, M.A.
  • 1635 Edmund Lacock, B.D.
  • 1645 William Howitt
  • 1647/8 Nicholas Folkingham
  • 1649 Jonathan Boole
  • 1651 John Whitlock M.A. and William Reynolds, M.A.
  • 1662 George Masterson, M.A.
  • 1686 Samuel Crowborough, D.D.

Laying on of hands

It was at St. Mary's that the practice of laying on of hands by a Bishop during a Confirmation service was first observed ca. 1760 and documented by Thomas Newton Bishop of Bristol.[23] This laying on of hands was done by John Gilbert, Archbishop of York.

Features

Bronze doors

The south porch doors are by the architect Henry Wilson. A complex work in bronze, the door contains 10 panels with New Testament scenes, and two door handles with cherubic heads. A further eight heads are on the cross pieces. Above, Christ and angel with doves.

The bronze doors were designed in 1904 by Henry Wilson in memory of his father-in-law, Revd. Francis Morse.

The intention of the design of the doors is to illustrate the Life of Our Lord in its relation with the Holy Mother to whom the church is dedicated and by the general treatment to suggest the idea of pity.

In the tympanum enclosed within a vesica the Holy Mother supports and cherishes the body of Christ, while in the spandrels, on either side, the gates of Death and Life are suggested: the Dove, typifying the spirit, enters weary into the one and issues strong-winged from the other, thus symbolising the unending round of Death and Life.

The dedicatory inscription "In loving memory of Francis Morse, 1818-1886, Father, Pastor, Friend" in the form of a pierced cresting, divides the tympanum from the doors themselves. These are formed into panels by mouldings of beaten bronze, with angel bosses at the intersections.

On each leaf of the door are five panels, in relief, illustrating the Life of Our Lord, the subjects on the left leaf being “The Annunciation,” with Gabriel appearing at the Virgin’s window in the early morning; “The Visitation,” with the Virgin running to meet her kinswoman. Below these come “The Nativity,” followed by “The Epiphany,” and the lowest panel shows the Salvator Mundi on a Cross of branching vine. At the foot of the Cross stand our first parents, conscious of the fall, while the doves of peace and pardon hover overhead.

The subjects of the panels on the right door of the leaf are “The flight into Egypt”; “The Baptism in the Jordan”; “The entry into Jerusalem”; The three Maries at the Sepulchre”; and “The Resurrection.” In this panel the Saviour is shown emerging from the tomb and while still bound with the grave clothes, the Spirit of Life, in the form of a Dove, flies to His breast, and overhead the birds sing at the coming of a new Dawn.

Other features

The church has a fine collection of late Victorian stained glass windows by many famous makers, including Kempe, Burlison and Grylls and Hardman & Co..[24]

It is also known for its octagonal mediæval font with a palindromic Greek inscription NIΨONANOMHMATAMHMONANOΨIN (Wash my transgressions, not only my face),[25] and a rather battered alabaster tomb fragment which portrays a lily crucifix[26] and a Nottingham Alabaster panel depicting Archbishop Thomas Becket.[27]

Internal dimensions[28] are

  • 215 feet (66 m) from west to east
  • 100 feet (30 m) from north to south (across the transepts).

The tower stands 126 feet (38 m) above ground level.

The church today

Interior view looking west from the sanctuary
Interior view looking north east from the south porch

St Mary's has a wide ministry to many different groups. It is the Civic Church to the City of Nottingham. In the past, the election of the town mayor took place in the church and this tradition continues with a welcome to the new Lord Mayor of Nottingham in a service held each summer.

It is the University Church for the University of Nottingham [29] and several schools and organisations hold annual services here.

In recent years, in addition to its function as a place of worship, St Mary's is the venue for a wide range of concerts and public performances, and is home to the Nottingham Bach Choir.

The assistant curate at St Mary's takes the ancient title 'Lecturer', the post is currently held by Revd. Stephen Morris.

The church retains the Book of Common Prayer, the traditional Liturgical colours and the principal services are sung by a robed choir.

St. Mary's retains the historic practice of celebrating the Eucharist at a High Altar Ad orientem with priest and people facing eastwards, rather than the contemporary practice of Versus populum having the priest facing the congregation.

Vicarage

St. Mary's Vicarage until 2003

The vicarage of St. Mary's was formerly at Washington House on High Pavement, but with the increasing industrialisation of the Lace Market at the end of the 19th century, the church purchased a new residence opposite the castle gatehouse. This was used as St. Mary's Vicarage until Canon Eddie Neale retired in 2003.[30]

The adjoining property was the rectory for St. Peter's Church, Nottingham.

A joint parish house has now been purchased in The Park Estate.

Notable burials in St Mary's

Notable marriages in the church

Bells

There are twelve bells in the ring.[32][33]

  • Treble Eijsbouts Astensis me fecit Anno MCMLXXX. The Society of Sherwood Youths gave me. "Their sound is gone forth unto all lands". Canon M.J. Jackson, Vicar, S. Yarnell and E. Mottram, Churchwardens. (E) Eayre and Smith.
  • 2nd Eijsbouts Astensis me fecit Anno MCMLXXX. The Parochial Church Council gave me. "God is gone up with a merry noise". Canon M.J. Jackson, Vicar, S. Yarnell and E. Mottram, Churchwardens. (E) Eayre and Smith.
  • 3rd C. & G. Mears, Founders, London, Recast 1856. J.W. Brooks, Vicar. W. Dearden, J. Coope, Churchwardens. Recast Gillett & Johnston, Croydon, 1935.
  • 4th Raised by Scrope Beardsmore, Vicar DD. Richd Lambert and John Wyer, Churchwardens. The Hon'able Wm. Howe & John Plumtree Esqrs - Members for the Town Subscription, 1761. Lester & Pack Fecit. Recast, Gillett & Johnston, Croydon, 1935.
  • 5th By Subscription. Revd. Scrope Beardsmore DD. Vicar. G. Browne, H. Ward, J. Burgess Ch. Wardens. 1765. Sodales Musici Nottinghamiensis Restaureverunt. Lester & Pack of London Fecit. Recast Gillett & Johnston, Croydon, 1935.
  • 6th By Subscription Revd. Scrope Beardsmore DD. Vicar. G. Browne, H. Ward, J. Burgess Ch. Wardens. 1765. Intactum Sileo Percute, Dulce Cano. Lester & Pack of London Fecit. Recast Gillett & Johnston, Croydon, 1935.
  • 7th Sustio Voce Pios Tu Iesu Dirige Mentes Venite Exvitimus. (I. Edwards, I. Sweetaple. Churchwardens 1699. Recast Gillett & Johnston, Croydon, 1935.
  • 8th Robert Aldredg, Vicar, Ralphe Shaw, Henrie Allvie, Wardens. 1613. Recast Gillett & Johnston, Croydon, 1935.
  • 9th Hee Campana Sacra Filet Trinitate Beata. W. Sturrup, T. Graye. Wardens. 1690. Recast Gillett & Johnston, Croydon, 1935.
  • 10th In noe ihu xpi ome genu fleetat celestm trestriu et infroru. R.A.V. M.G. 1605. W.L. Recast Gillett & Johnston, Croydon, 1935.
  • 11th Tu Tuba Sic Sonitu Domini Conduco cohortes. Richard Hunte Major, Nicholas Sherwyn, Richard Iohnson, Iohn Gregorie, Robert Alvie, Peter Clarke, Humfrey Bonner, Richard Morehaghe, Anker Jackson, Aldermen, 1595. Also four impressions of the coat of arms of Elizabeth I alternating with four signs of the Henry Oldfield foundry.
  • Tenor Revd. Scrope Beardsmore DD. Vicar. G. Browne, H. Ward, I. Burgess, Ch. Wardens. 1765. I will sound and resound unto thy people, O Lord, With my sweet voice, and call them to thy word, I tole the tune that douleful is to such as live amiss, But sweet my sound seems unto them who hope for joyful Bliss. Lester & Pack of London Fecit. Recast Gillett & Johnston, Croydon, 1935.

Music

Interior view looking south east from the north aisle

Choir

St Mary's has a choir of some standing. Under the leadership of John Keys, the Choir of St Mary’s is regarded as one of the county’s finest.

There are three choral services a week – Wednesday Evensong, Sunday Eucharist and Sunday Evensong.

Renowned for its versatility and wide repertoire it performs music from plainsong through to world premieres, performs regularly in concert on its own and with St Mary’s resident orchestra, The Orchestra of the Restoration. Organ and Choral Scholarships[34] are available to students in full-time higher education.

Organ

The Organ is by Marcussen & Søn of Denmark and was installed in 1973. It has 25 speaking stops and is a very small organ for a church of this size.

Link to details of the organ on the National Pipe Organ Register.

Organists

There are records of organs in the church in the late sixteenth and early 17th centuries, but no record of any of the organists from this period has been found.[35]

Date Name Comments
1704–1712 Thomas Rathbone (d.1712)
1712–1755 William Lamb (d.1755)
1756–1802 Samuel Wise (c.1730-1802) Formerly Organist of the Church of St. Mary Magdalene, Newark-on-Trent and Southwell Minster
1802 - ???? John Pearson (c.1754-1832) Organist until at least 1818
???? - 1831 John Pearson (c.1790-1831) date of appointment unknown but before 1825
1831–1836 William Aspull (1798–1875)
1836–1867 Charles C Noble (1812–1885) Formerly Organist of St Martin's Church, Stamford, Latterly Organist of St. Ann's Church, Nottingham
1867–1904 James Arthur Page FRCO (1846–1916)
1904–1914 William Frederick Dunnill FRCO ARCM (1880–1936) Formerly Organist of Christ Church, Surbiton and St. Luke's Church, Bromley, Latterly Organist of Birmingham Cathedral
1914–1922 Frank Radcliffe MusDoc FRCO (1883–1922) Formerly Assistant Organist of Manchester Cathedral and Organist of St. Wulfram's Church, Grantham
1922–1928 Vernon Sydney Read ARCM FRCO (1886–1980) Formerly Organist of Holy Trinity Church, Lenton, Latterly Organist of St. John's Church, Torquay
1928–1954 Henry Oswald Hodgson FRCO (1886–1975)
1954–1956 David James Lumsden MA DPhil BMus HonFRCO (b.1928) Formerly Assistant Organist of St. John's College, Cambridge, Latterly Organist of Southwell Minster and New College, Oxford
1957–1967 Russell Arthur Missin ThD FRCO(CHM) ADCM LTCL (1922–2002) Formerly Assistant Organist of Ely Cathedral and Organist of St. Mary's Church, Thetford, Holbeach Parish Church and All Saints' Church, Oakham, Latterly Organist of Newcastle Cathedral
1967–1983 David Sheeran Butterworth MA MusB FRCO(CHM) (b.1946) Latterly Organist of St. Peter and St. Paul's Church, Mansfield and St. Mary's Church, Clifton, Nottingham
1984 - John Anthony Keys MA LRAM ARCM ARCO (b.1956) Formerly Assistant Organist of Chester Cathedral and Holy Trinity Church, Geneva and Organist titulaire Eglise de St. Jean, Geneva

Organ Scholars

  • David Gostick 1997–1998 (now organist of Wimborne Minster)
  • Alistair Kirk 1998
  • Richard Leach 1999–2000
  • Simon Williams 2000–2003
  • Chrisopher Burton 2003–2004
  • Jamal Sutton 2004–2005
  • Nicola Harrington 2005
  • Ben Lewis-Smith 2006–2007
  • Simon Williams 2007–2009
  • Max Puller 2009–2010
  • Dominic Wong 2010-2011

See also

List of Greater Churches

References

  1. ^ a b Domesday Book: A Complete Translation (Penguin Classics) ISBN 0-14-143994-7
  2. ^ Details from listed building database (458577) - Grade I. Images of England. English Heritage.
  3. ^ "Home". HeritageGateway. http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/gateway/. Retrieved 2010-05-22. 
  4. ^ Gill, Harry, 1916, Thoroton Society Transactions Volume XX. Architectural Notes on The Church of St. Mary the Virgin Nottingham.
  5. ^ Peters, D. J., 1974, A Short History and Guide to Nottingham Parish Church of St Mary the Virgin.
  6. ^ Allen, Frank J, 1932, The Great Church Towers of England. Chiefly of the Perpendicular Period Cambridge University Press
  7. ^ History and antiquities of Nottingham. James Orange. Hamilton, Adams & Co., 1840
  8. ^ A Concise Description of the Endowed Grammar Schools in England and Wales. Nicholas Carlisle. 1818
  9. ^ Founder's Day Programme of Events, Annual Publication, Nottingham High School Archives
  10. ^ Nottingham Date Book. John Frost Sutton. 1852. p.86
  11. ^ [1][dead link]
  12. ^ Nottingham Date Book. John Frost Sutton. 1852. p.510
  13. ^ Church of England in Notts & Derbys. 1911-1915, Parochial visitation of Edward Hoskyns Bishop of Southwell, Nottinghamshire Local Studies Library Ref. L21
  14. ^ Nottinghamia vetus et nova: or, An historical account of the ancient and present state of the Town of Nottingham. Charles Deering. 1751
  15. ^ Deering, Charles M.D., 1751, The History of Nottingham.
  16. ^ William Stretton, Stretton Manuscripts. 1910
  17. ^ Cottingham, L. N. 1842-1843, Report to the Archdeacon and Churchwardens & Report on the Church Tower.
  18. ^ UK CPI inflation numbers based on data available from Lawrence H. Officer (2010) "What Were the UK Earnings and Prices Then?" MeasuringWorth.
  19. ^ Nikolaus Pevsner, The Buildings of England: Nottinghamshire. 1979. ISBN 0-300-09636-4
  20. ^ Temple Moore, An Architect of the Late Gothic Revival. Geoffrey Brandwood, 1997. ISBN 1-900289-03-2
  21. ^ Jane Geddes, Medieval Decorative Ironwork in England. Reports of the Research Committee of the Society of Antiquaries of London. 1999. ISBN 0-85431-273-0
  22. ^ Train, K. S. S., 1953, Thoroton Society Record Series XV. List of the Clergy of Central Nottinghamshire.
  23. ^ The Lives of Dr. Edward Pocock: the celebrated orientalist. Leonard Twells, Zachary Pearce, Thomas Newton, Samuel Burdy, A.C. 1816
  24. ^ Hood, J. C. F., 1910, St. Mary’s Church Nottingham.
  25. ^ Dictionary of phrase and fable. Ebenezer Cobham Brewer. Cassell, 1900
  26. ^ Proceedings of the Suffolk Institute of Archaeology. Suffolk Institute of Archaeology and Natural History. 1931
  27. ^ St. Thomas Becket in art. Tancred Borenius. Methuen & Co., ltd., 1932
  28. ^ Old and New Nottingham. William Howie Wylie, Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1853
  29. ^ Priory Demesne to University Campus: Topographic History of Nottingham University. F. O. Barnes. 1993. ISBN 0-900572-81-7
  30. ^ St. Mary's Parish Statement. St. Mary's PCC. 2003
  31. ^ T. M. Blagg (ed.), Abstracts of Nottinghamshire Marriage Licences 1701-53 (British Record Society Index Library, Vol. 60, London 1935)
  32. ^ Andrew Abbott, Nottingham Parish Church of St. Mary the Virgin, A Brief History of the Bells, March 1995.
  33. ^ Dawson, George A., 1995, The Church bells of Nottinghamshire Part II.
  34. ^ "St Mary's Choir Nottingham - choral scholarships". Stmaryschoirnottingham.com. http://www.stmaryschoirnottingham.com/recruitment.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-22. 
  35. ^ The Organs and Organists of St. Mary's Church, Nottingham. Andrew Abbott and John Whittle. Rylands Press. 1993. ISBN 0 9521157 0 0

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