Sketchbook

A sketchbook is a "a book or pad with blank pages for sketching," and is frequently used by artists for drawing or painting as a part of their creative process. [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sketchbook "Sketchbook," Wiktionary entry, accessed 10/18/2007] The exhibition of sketchbooks at the Fogg Art Museum at Harvard University in 2006 suggested that there were two broad categories for classifying sketches
*Observation: this focuses on the documentation of the external world and includes many such travel and nature studies and sketches recording an artist's travels.
*Invention: this follows the artists' digressions and internal journeys as they develop compositional ideas

See also sketch (drawing) and oil sketch.

Types of sketchbooks

Sketchbooks come in a wide variety of shapes and sizes, with varied covers, and differing numbers of pages. Sketchbooks began as a way to provide a readily available supply of drawing paper in the convenient form of a book. Finish of the work found in the sketchbook varies widely from artist to artist, with some having very simple drawings and lots of notes, and some having highly worked images. Over time, it might allow others to see the artist's progress, as his/her style and skills develop. Many artists personalize their sketchbook by decorating the covers.

Sketchbooks made out of high quality paper, differentiated by weight (referring to density of the sheets) and tooth (also called grain), allow for a wide variety of techniques to be used, ranging from pencil drawings, to watercolor, to colored pencil, to pen and ink, and so on. Certain paper characteristics might be more desirable for use with certain mediums. Sketchbook paper also comes in a variety of tones, ranging from pure white, to yellow, and includes less common varieties, such as gray.

The sketchbook is more frequently used in displays of contemporary art, as well as historical retrospectives, now that 'intimate' and 'ephemeral' records are increasingly seen by some as more informative than the planned and finished drawing, painting or sculpture.

The form is also now being used as inspiration for the development of online/digital sketchbooks.

Online and digital sketchbooks

The World Wide Web has made a big difference to the scope to access documents such as the sketchbooks of famous artists which previously would only be seen in an exhibition. A number of the sketchbooks of famous artists have been digitally recorded and are now available online. Links are provided in the external links section below. Sketches are sometimes removed from sketchbooks at a later date.

Historical sketchbooks of note

*Rembrandt van Rijn (Dutch 1606-1669) Good example of Rembrandt’s sketches and drawings can be found in
** [http://www.thebritishmuseum.ac.uk/pd/factsheets/rembrandt.html the British Museum] and
** [http://www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artObjectDetails?artobj=190&handle=li Getty Museum – sketch of an artist in his studio]
*Goya (Spanish 1746- 1828) was a painter and print maker and made an important contribution to the art of drawing.
** [http://goya.unizar.es/InfoGoya/Work/Italiano.html The Italian Sketchbook] created in the 1770s and currently in the Museo del Prado
** [http://goya.unizar.es/InfoGoya/Work/Albumes.html Eight albums of sketchbooks by Goya] This link provides a summary of each of the albums, what it contains and what materials were used — the site is still under construction.
** [http://www.mfa.org/collections/search_art.asp?coll_accession=&coll_name=&coll_place=&coll_medium=&coll_culture=&coll_credit=&coll_provenance=&coll_has_
]
* JMW Turner (English 1775-1851) produced 300 sketchbooks and around 30,000 sketches and watercolours on his travels. Five years after his death, the majority of his art was bequeathed to the nation and is housed at Tate Britain
** [http://www.tate.org.uk/servlet/BrowseGroup?cgroupid=999999998 Turner sketchbooks, Turner Bequest, Tate Britain] This link provides access to all 300 sketchbooks.
* John Constable (English 1776–1837) believed in the importance of working from life and based his paintings on sketches and drawings of the landscape. Some of his sketches were in oil while others were in small sketchbooks. This is an example of a [http://www.vam.ac.uk/collections/paintings/galleries/display/constable/index.html Sketchbook at the Victoria and Albert Museum]
* [http://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/ConradMartens/conradmartens.html Conrad Martens] (English 1801–1878) accompanied Darwin on the Beagle as expedition artist and produced three detailed sketchbooks of places visited and objects seen on the expedition. This is [http://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/ConradMartens/itinerary.html the itinerary of the expedition)] and this is [http://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/ConradMartens/sketchbooks.html the story of his sketchbooks from the Beagle expedition] which are in the Cambridge University Library. This is [http://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/ConradMartens/contents.php#T a categorised list of sketchbook images] Most of the sketchbook images are in graphite. Click on a link to see images and on an image to see a larger image and more detail about it.
* Paul Cezanne (French 1839-1906) worked from life and made detailed observations of form in his drawings and sketches as well as his paintings. Dover Publications has reproduced [http://store.doverpublications.com/0486247902.html one of Cezanne's sketchbooks]
* Vincent Van Gogh (Dutch 1853–1890) made preliminary drawings (sketches) prior to developing his paintings. He often drew with a reed pen and ink. Students of mark-making will probably in interested in the great range of marks he used routinely.
** [http://www.metmuseum.org/special/Van_Gogh/ Examples from the 2005 exhibition of Van Gogh Drawings at the Metropolitan Museum, New York]
* John Singer Sargent (1856–1925) [http://www.artmuseums.harvard.edu/sargent/servlet/webpublisher.WebCommunication?ia=tr&ic=pt&t=xhtml&x=home Sargent at Harvard — the Harvard University Art Museums' collection of sketchbooks]
* Various American Artists: [http://archivesofamericanart.si.edu/guides/curators-visual/index.cfm Smithsonian Museum – Sketchbooks in the Archives of American Art] — the curators' choice "demonstrates the broad range of material available for research at the Archives of American Art from academic notebooks with anatomical studies to illustrated journals, ranging in date from the 1840s to the 1970s"
* Henry Moore (English 1898–1986): [http://www.henry-moore-fdn.co.uk/matrix_engine/content.php?page_id=2974 early drawings (1916-1939) of ideas / for sculptures]

Contemporary sketchbooks of note

David Hockney has produced a DVD of fifteen palm-sized sketchbooks (of 25) produced during for a period of 18 months in 2002–2003 (copyright/published by David Hockney/Gregory Evans Inc.). The sketches chronicle his home, his studio, his travels, landscapes, still lifes, hotel rooms, his friends and their families.

References

ee also

* Painting
* Drawing
* Sketch (Visual drawing)

External links

* [http://www.artmuseums.harvard.edu/exhibitions/fogg/underCover.html Under Cover — Artists Sketchbooks" Exhibition at Harvard University Art Museums (Fogg) 2006]
* [http://doodlebook.tumblr.com/ A Blog Centered Around A Sketchbook/Doodlebook]