Ut queant laxis

Ut queant laxis

"Ut queant laxis" or "Hymnus in Ioannem" is a plainchant hymn to John the Baptist written by Paulus Diaconus, the 8th century Lombard historian.

It is notable in that each of the first six musical phrases of the first stanza of the hymn begins on a successively higher note of the hexachord. The first syllable of each hemistich (half line of verse) has given its name to a successive note, since these syllables coincide with the ascending note pattern. The last line, "Sancte Ioannes", breaks the ascending pattern (for musical rather than pedagogic reasons) and begins with the note previously sung to "sol".

In the Roman Catholic Church, the hymn is sung in the Divine Office on June 24, the Feast of the Nativity of John the Baptist. The full hymn is divided into three parts, with "Ut queant laxis" sung at Vespers, "Antra deserti" sung at Matins, "O nimis felix" sung at Lauds, and doxologies added after the first two parts.

The first stanza is:

:"Ut queant laxis"::"resonare fibris",:"Mira gestorum"::"famuli tuorum,":"Solve polluti"::"labii reatum,":"Sancte Ioannes."

It may be translated: "So that your servants may, with loosened voices, resound the wonders of your deeds, clean the guilt from our stained lips, O Saint John."

"Ut" is now mostly replaced by "Do" in solfège due to the latter's open sound, probably inspired by the word "Dominus" (Lord). The seventh note was not part of the medieval hexachord and does not occur in this melody, and it was originally called "si" from Sancte Ioannes, but was later renamed "ti" to allow each name to start with a different letter.Fact|date=February 2007The use of "Ut queant laxis" to name the tones is usually attributed to Guido of Arezzo in the 11th century.

See also

* Solfège

External links

* [http://www.catholicculture.org/liturgicalyear/activities/view.cfm?id=1113 The full melody]
* [http://italian.about.com/library/weekly/aa092700a.htm An alternative translation]
* [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15244a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia article]


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