Jolimont Yard

Jolimont Yard was an array of railway lines and carriage sidings on the edge of the central business district of Melbourne, Australia. Located between Flinders Street Station, Richmond Junction, the Yarra River and Flinders Street they were often criticised for cutting off the city from the river, being the site of many redevelopment proposals. The Princes Gate Towers were built over part of the yard in the 1960s, which themselves were replaced by Federation Square in the 1990s. The rail sidings themselves were progressively removed from the 1980s to the 1990s with only running lines today, but the area continues to be referred to as the 'Jolimont railyards' by Melbournians.

History

The area of the Jolimont Yards had long been a site of railway development. Flinders Street Station was the terminal of the first railway in the city, running to Sandridge (now Port Melbourne). It was later joined by the independent Princes Bridge Station on the eastern side of Swanston Street, which served as the terminal for lines towards Richmond, South Yarra and Hawthorn. The two stations were not connected together until 1866, with Princes Bridge not reopening until 1879.

As time continues, the area between Princes Bridge and Richmond stations developed into a major yard for the stabling of suburban carriage stock, as well as the servicing of the steam locomotives that hauled them. Freight traffic was based out of Melbourne Yard and most of the country carriage stock was serviced at the Dudley Street sidings, both adjacent to Spencer Street Station. The running lines were arranged into pairs (inbound and outbound for each destination) with multiple sidings located between them.

In 1917 the Princes Bridge locomotive depot was closed, and replaced by the Jolimont Workshops. Built as part of the electrification of the Melbourne suburban network, it was the main storage, servicing and maintenance depot for the new fleet of suburban trains.cite book |author=Lee, Robert |title=The Railways of Victoria 1854-2004 |publisher=Melbourne University Publishing Ltd |date=2007 |isbn= 9780522851342] The workshops was erected to the south along Batman Avenues, with the storage sidings located between the running lines. A footbridge ran from Flinders Street across the entire yard to provide access for train drivers.

An electrical substation was also erected to the south of the yard, to feed power into the overhead wires. Of 18,000 kilowatt capacity, it fitted with six 3000 kilowatt rotary converters and was the largest substation on the network until demolished in the early 1970s to make room for the City Loop portals for the Caufield Group.cite book | author = S.E. Doorman and R.G. Henderson | title = Electric Railways of Victoria | publisher = Australian Electric Traction Society | page = page 15 | year = 1979 | isbn = 0 909459 06 1 ] Additional sidings were also provided in the triangle formed by the lines bound for Richmond and Jolimont. Located on the site of the East Melbourne Cricket Ground, the ground was acquired by the Victorian Railways and the Essendon Football Club played their final season there in 1921. [cite web
url=http://www.essendonfc.com.au/history/history.asp
title=Essendon Football Club - History - Club History
publisher=www.essendonfc.com.au
accessdate=2008-07-21]

The next major change was construction of the Glen Waverley flyover beginning in late 1970s. Part of the quadruplication works between Richmond and Burnley stations, it converts the up (inbound) - down (outbound) - up - down track layout at Flinders Street to a up - up - down - down track layout at Richmond and beyond. Completed in February 1973,cite book | author = S.E. Doorman and R.G. Henderson | title = Electric Railways of Victoria | publisher = Australian Electric Traction Society | page = page 80 | year = 1979 | isbn = 0 909459 06 1 ] it also permits a cross-platform interchange between City Loop and Flinders Street direct trains at Richmond on platforms 7/8 and 9/10. The flyover necessitated the reconstruction of a footbridge that linked Yarra Park to the Melbourne Cricket Ground.

Further changes occurred when the City Loop was built. In addition to the relocation of the electrical substation, numerous tracks at Richmond Junction needed to be relocated to make room for the ramps descending into the tunnel, and tracks in the yard itself were slewed as work progressed on the cut and cover tunnels. The Metrol train control complex was also constructed beside the yards on Batman Avenue, to control the loop as well as to replace the five Flinders Street signal boxes. During construction the public discovered that the building would block the view from from Russell Street to the Botanic Gardens and Government House, and that it had occurred due to no planning permit being applied for.cite web
url=http://melbournecitycouncil.blogspot.com/2006/10/melbourne-museum-development-public.html
title=Siting the Museum of Victoria
publisher=Tervor Huggard
accessdate=2008-08-05] State Premier Rupert Hamer responded to public outrage and instructed the half built building to be demolished, and instructed all government departments that they must apply for planning permits, whether they were legally needed or not. The building was redesigned to be lower and resulting in completion being delayed until early 1980.cite book | author = S.E. Doorman and R.G. Henderson | title = Electric Railways of Victoria | publisher = Australian Electric Traction Society | page = page 94 | year = 1979 | isbn = 0 909459 06 1 ]

Past elements

Workshops

The Jolimont Workshops were the main maintenance and repair facility for the Victorian Railways electric fleet, both multiple units and locomotives. Located on the south side of the yard, it was made up of a large brick carshed with tracks leading into if from both the east (Richmond) and west (Flinders Street) ends. In addition to the maintenance of the suburban multiple unit fleet, the E class suburban freight and L class mainline electric locomotives were maintained there until the 1960s.cite book | author = S.E. Doorman and R.G. Henderson | title = Electric Railways of Victoria | publisher = Australian Electric Traction Society | page = page 42 | year = 1979 | isbn = 0 909459 06 1 ]

ignal boxes

Five signal boxes controlled traffic into Flinders Street Station. [cite web
url=http://www.signaldiagramsandphotos.com/My_Web_pages/VR/Metropolitan/2'65.htm
title=Victorian Railways signal diagram: Flinders Street 2 65
publisher=www.signaldiagramsandphotos.com
accessdate=2008-08-15] Later replaced by Metrol, four of them were located in Jolimont Yard:

Flinders Street B was located at the Richmond end of Flinders Street platform 8/9 and controlled the southern tracks into and out of the station from Jolimont Yard. Constructed of brick it was of 'traditional' Victorian Railways design, and was demolished when the Federation Square Deck was built.

Flinders Street C was located beyond the Richmond end of Flinders Street platform 4/5 and controlled the northern tracks into and out of the station from the yard. Constructed of brick it was of 'traditional' Victorian Railways design, and was demolished when the Federation Square Deck was built.

Flinders Street C was located at the Richmond end of the Princes Bridge Station island platform (later renumber to Flinders Street 15/16). Of utilitarian brick construction it remains in place today just outside the Federation Square Deck, but is unused as a signal box.

Flinders Street E was located at Richmond Junction, and controlled the junction as well as access into the Richmond end of the stabling sidings. Of utilitarian brick construction it remains in place today underneath the William Barak Bridge, but is unused as a signal box.

Footbridges

During the heyday of the yard only two footbridges crossed the yard: [cite web
url=http://www.signaldiagramsandphotos.com/My_Web_pages/VR/Metropolitan/1'33.htm
title=Victorian Railways signal diagram: Jolimont Junction and Richmond 1 33
publisher=www.signaldiagramsandphotos.com
accessdate=2008-08-15]

* The Botanical Gardens Footbridge, located west of Richmond station it links Yarra Park with the MCG. The central span was rebuilt with increased clearances when the Glen Waverley flyover was constructed underneath it in the 1970s, but the original lattice truss approach spans remain.

* A second footbridge ran from Flinders Street, between Russell and Exhibition Streets, and ran south over the tracks. It was for railway use only, with stairs running down to the stabling sidings below. The access gate for the bridge remains evident in the Flinders Street fence today.

Only the first bridge remains today, the other bridges being recent additions.

Redevelopment plans

Over the years, various redevelopment plans for Jolimont Yard have been proposed by various parties, including:

1925: Cathedral SquareIn 1925 a design competition was held by the Royal Victorian Institute of Architects for redevelopment of the rail yard. The winner was JamesSmith with his proposal set back from the street line, featuring a paved civic plaza and fountain, railway offices, tourist bureau and a concourse to Princes Bridge station.cite web
url=http://www.federationsquare.com.au/Docs/FedSq_History.pdf
title=Federation Square … a place in history…
author=Andrew Brown-May
date=October 2001
publisher=www.federationsquare.com.au
accessdate=2008-08-15]

1929: Metropolitan Town Planning CommissionThe Metropolitan Town Planning Commission was created in 1922 and was chaired by City of Melbourne councillor and architect Frank Stapley. The initial report included a city square over the yard between Flinders Street and Batman Avenue, running east convert|33|ft|m from Princes Bridge, but was later dropped as unsuitable due to cost and traffic congestion.

1954: MMBW Melbourne Metropolitan Planning SchemeThe MMBW commenced their Melbourne Metropolitan Planning Scheme in 1949. This scheme involved redeveloping the Yarra River frontage, partially roofing the rail yards, constructing a bridge from Russell Street to Batman Avenue, and building underpasses below Princes Bridge and Batman Avenue.

1958: Kenneth McDonaldThis plan was proposed by Kenneth MacDonald and Associates to the City of Melbourne, and proposed the roofing of the rail yards between Swanston and Spring Streets, with public space, shops, car parking, apartment and hotel towers, a theatre and an office tower built above.

1961: Matthew Flinders SquareThis proposal was put promoted by ex Lord Mayor William Lempriere and was prepared by architects Montgomery, King and Trengrove. It aimed to fix the "desecration of the city's southern gateway by the rail yards," and the "'mid-Victorian monstrosity" of Flinders Street Station by roofing the rail yards and relocating the railway station underground. The open space on either side of Princes Bridge would be the home of a new Town Hall, a six-acre civic square, concert auditoriums, the railways administration, and other commercial buildings.

1963: Princes GateAnnounced in 1963 by Premier Henry Bolte, the £5 million project would roof part of the yard and build a plaza and two 15-storey buildings on this structure. Completed in 1967 and commonly known as the Gas and Fuel building, Princes Gate was demolished in 1996-1997.

1973: Jolimont Pleasure GardensA City of Melbourne proposal for roofing the yards and reconnect the city with the river and sports and arts precincts beyond.

1979: Landmark CompetitionPremier Rupert Hamer announced a $100,000 competition for designs to roof the remainder of Jolimont Yard. Over 2300 entries were submitted, with 48finalists selected by a committee chaired by Ron Walker. No overall winner was chosen, a composite scheme with a tower in a garden setting recommended instead. Each of the finalists receiving a little over $2000 prize money, with designs including hanging gardens, an underwater gallery, a free-standing escalator, a series of 12 transparent arches, a solar-powered earth beam, a Freedom Bird Park, and a Time Tower.

1985: Denton Corker MarshallBy the architecture firm, the Princes Plaza Proposal included demolition of one of the Princes Gate towers, and the constrction of a large street level plaza stretching across the yards, and a new building to the east surrounding a formal garden.

1996: Federation SquareA design completion for the site commenced in 1996, resulting in Federation Square that was opened in October 2002.

Rationalisation

The State Government announced the Federation Square project in 1996, [cite web
url=http://ocw.mit.edu/NR/rdonlyres/Civil-and-Environmental-Engineering/1-011Spring-2005/8911153D-0933-42EC-B3AA-AC6CE6F51E06/0/misiak_paper.pdf
author=Jodie Misiak
title=Federation Square: Masterpiece or Publicly-Funded Folly?
accessdate=2008-07-26] along with additional development of the sports and entertainment precinct and new parklands. Rationalisation of the yard was carried out in 1997-1998 to clear the way, with the stabling sidings and workshops removed and replaced by new facilities located elsewhere, including:

* Epping station received a new major workshop and stabling yard, opened in 1990.cite web
url=http://home.vicnet.net.au/~nhcs/Nhcsnews.html
title=Extracts of 'The Whittlesea Railway' by Robert Aquilina
work=The Northcote History Group
publisher=home.vicnet.net.au
accessdate=2008-06-16]
* Macaulay received a light maintenance facility located on the site of existing stabling sidings in 1993.cite journal | year = 1994 | month = August | title = News | journal = Newsrail | publisher = Australian Railway Historical Society (Victorian Division) | pages = page 251 ]
* Melbourne Yard was the site of a replacement washing plant and stabling sidings made operational in May 1995. [cite web
url=http://www.series567railvideo.com.au/melbyard.html
title=Farewell to Melbourne Yard
date=October 1998
work=Newsrail
author=Daryl Dedman
publisher=www.series567railvideo.com.au
accessdate=2008-08-11]
* Westall and Bayswater stations both received new train maintenance facilities and stabling yards at a cost of $16.5m. The yards were constructed on little used goods sidings and house seven or three trains respectively. [cite web
url=http://www.leightoncontractors.com.au/our-capabilities/industrial/projects/bayswater-and-westall-depots.pdf
title=Bayswater and Westall depots
author=Leighton Contractors
accessdate=2008-07-26]
* Camberwell station received new stabling sidings on the site of the former goods yard. [cite web
url=http://www.railpage.org.au/ausrail/97sep/msg00156.html
title=New Yard at Camberwell Station
author=Chris Brownbill
work=aus.rail
publisher=www.railpage.org.au
accessdate=2008-08-15]
* Burnley station received new stabling sidings on nearby unused land. [cite web
url=http://www.vicsig.net/index.php?page=infrastructure&interlocking=Burnley%20Stabling%20Sidings
title=VICSIG - Infrastructure: Burnley Stabling Sidings
publisher=www.vicsig.net
accessdate=2008-08-15]

The track rationalisation itself cost $40 million with 53 operating lines between Flinders Street and Richmond were reduced to just 12. The number of points was also reduced, from 164 to 48 and 1 in 9 and 1 in 15 points were used to permit higher speeds. New lower profile masts were installed to support the overhead wiring, and a new electrical substation erected to supply power to the trains. The main area of new track was between Flinders Street Station, Richmond Junction and the City Loop portals. [cite web
url=http://www.leightoncontractors.com.au/our-capabilities/industrial/projects/jolimont-rationalisation-project.pdf
title=Leighton Contractors: Jolimont Rationalisation Project
publisher=www.leightoncontractors.com.au
accessdate=2008-07-26]

Piling works and crash walls for Federation Square were done by October 1998. The deck was completed by mid 1999, with building works atop of it commencing in August 1999. The removal of other buildings along Batman Avenue was carried out at this time, including the Metrol train control facility. [cite web
url=http://transport.vic.gov.au/doi/doielect.nsf/2a6bd98dee287482ca256915001cff0c/5624d51d6b9f44d34a256915000df665/$FILE/DOI_AR_2.pdf
title=Department of Infrastructure: Annual Report 1998-99
publisher=transport.vic.gov.au
accessdate=2008-07-26] Opened at the time of the City Loop opening in 1981, it was moved to a temporary location pending the replacement of the elderly technology with a new system.

The Exhibition Street Extension was also built, connecting the CBD to Batman Avenue and Swan Street, permitting the closure of Batman Avenue for Federation Square and Birrarung Marr. Tolled as part of the CityLink project, it was opened in 1998 and carries trams and four lanes of traffic. By June 1999 the route 70 tram had been rerouted from Swan Street to a new section of reserved track running between the Tennis Centre and the remaining railway lines, entering the CBD via the Exhibition Street Extension rather than Batman Avenue. A new footbridge from the Multi Purpose Stadium to the MCG Great Southern Stand concourse was built, and existing footbridge from the MCG Pontsford Stand to Scotch Oval was rebuilt and widened.

As part of the Melbourne 2006 Commonwealth Games the 525-metre long William Barak footbridge was built east-west from Birrarung Marr to Yarra Park. Stated in 2005 and opened in 2006. [cite web
url=http://www.mcg.org.au/Events/Travelling%20to%20the%20G/Pedestrian%20Bridges.aspx
title=MCG: Pedestrian Bridges
publisher=www.mcg.org.au
accessdate=2008-08-15] The bridge is yet to be completed, with scaffolding and formwork still attached to the piers.

Today

Twelve tracks run though the area today, in six pairs named (from north to south):

* Burnley though lines
* Burnley local lines
* Caufield local lines
* Caufield though lines
* Special lines
* Sandringham lines

Where the lines interconnect outside the MCG was originally known as Jolimont Junction, but was renamed Richmond Junction following the demise of the yard. [cite web
url=http://www.vicsig.net/index.php?page=infrastructure&name=Richmond%20Junction
title=VICSIG - Infrastructure: Richmond Junction
publisher=www.vicsig.net
accessdate=2008-08-15]

From Flinders Street in the west to Richmond Station in the east, bridges over the area include:

* Flinders Street Station concourse
* Swanston Street
* Federation Square
* former yard footbridge
* Exhibition Street extension
* William Barak footbridge
* Melbourne Park - MCG footbridge
* Multi-Purpose Arena - MCG footbridge
* Yarra Park footbridge
* Richmond Station sports subway

On April 28, 2008 Premier John Brumby announced that his government was proposing a multi-million dollar development to link the sports and arts precincts in Melbourne's CBD. To be funded by a public-private partnership, the railway lines would be roofed and commercial buildings built on top. [cite web
url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/04/28/2228674.htm?site=melbourne
title=Premier's vision for Jolimont rail yards
work=ABC Melbourne
date=April 28, 2008
publisher=www.abc.net.au
accessdate=2008-07-22] The next day the Victorian Employers' Chamber of Commerce and Industry urged the roofing over the the railway liens east of Federation Square for the construction of a residence for the Prime Minister of Australia, and as well as for hosting visiting heads of state and business delegations. [cite web
url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/call-to-turn-jolimont-rail-yards-into-pm-residence/2008/04/28/1209234762232.html
title=Call to turn Jolimont rail yards into PM residence
work=The Age
authors=Jason Dowling, Clay Lucas and David Rood
date=April 29, 2008
publisher=theage.com.au
accessdate=2008-07-22]

References