List of countries by income equality

List of countries by income equality
Differences in national income equality around the world as measured by the national Gini coefficient.

Contents

This is a list of countries or dependencies by income inequality metrics, including Gini coefficients, according to the United Nations (UN) and the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Note that because the underlying household surveys differ in method and in the type of data collected, the distribution data are not strictly comparable across countries. The Gini coefficient is a number between 0 and 1, where 0 corresponds with perfect equality (where everyone has the same income) and 1 corresponds with perfect inequality (where one person has all the income — and everyone else has zero income). All Gini coefficients are before taxes which will tend to decrease the wealth of the upper income groups and decrease the value of the Gini coefficient. Income distribution can vary greatly from wealth distribution in a country. See: List of countries by distribution of wealth. Where information is unavailable it is marked N/A.

Income inequality can only be calculated accurately if all income data is included in the calculations.[1] Many financial transactions take place off the books in the so-called "shadow economy"; also called the cash economy, off-the-books economy, informal sector, black markets, System D., etc.. For 2002/2003 the estimated size of the "shadow", unrecorded, unregulated and untaxed, economies (in percent of official GDP) is an average of 43.2% in Africa, 43.4% in South and Central America, 40.1% in East and Central European countries, Russia and former Soviet Union countries, 30.8% in Asia (excluding Russia and Japan), and 16.3% in OECD countries (which varies from 28.2% in Greece to a low of about 8.4% in the United States, 9.4% in Switzerland, and 10.8% in Japan).[2][1]

List

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Key:
R/P 10%: The ratio of the average income of the richest 10% to the poorest 10%
R/P 20%: The ratio of average income of the richest 20% to the poorest 20%
Gini: Gini index, a quantified representation of a nation's Lorenz curve

UN: Data from the United Nations Development Programme.
CIA: Data from the Central Intelligence Agency's The World Factbook.
GPI: Data from the Global Peace Index.







Country UN R/P 10%[3] UN R/P 20%[4] UN Gini as a percentage[5] CIA R/P 10%[6] Year CIA Gini as a percentage[7] Year GPI Gini as a percentage[8]
 Afghanistan 60.0
 Albania 7.2 4.8 31.1 7.2 2004 26.7 2005 -
 Algeria 9.6 6.1 35.3 9.6 1995 35.3 1995 -
 Angola 62.0
 Argentina 31.6 17.8 48.8 35.0 2007 Jan.-Mar. 41.4 2010 (3rd quarter) -
 Armenia 8.0 5.0 33.8 25.8 2004 37.0 2006 -
 Australia 12.5 7.0 35.2 12.7 1994 30.5 2006 -
 Austria 6.9 4.4 29.1 6.8 2004 26.0 2007 -
 Azerbaijan 9.7 6.0 36.5 9.5 2001 36.5 2001 -
 Bahrain 36.0
 Bangladesh 7.5 4.9 33.4 7.5 2000 est. 33.2 2005 -
 Belarus 6.9 4.5 29.7 6.9 2002 27.9 2005 -
 Belgium 8.2 4.9 33.0 8.3 2000 28.0 2005 -
 Belize 49.2
 Benin 9.4 6.0 36.5 9.4 2003 36.5 2003 -
 Bhutan 32
 Bolivia 93.9 42.3 57.2 157.3 2002 59.2 2006 -
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 5.4 3.8 26.2 5.5 2001 56.2 2007 -
UN R/P 10% UN R/P 20% UN Gini as a percentage CIA R/P 10% Year CIA Gini as a percentage Year GPI Gini 2008 as a percentage
 Botswana 43.0 20.4 60.5 63 1993 -
 Brazil 40.6 21.8 55.0 49.8 2004 56.7 2005 -
 Bulgaria 7.0 4.4 29.2 8.8 2005 29.8 2008 -
 Burkina Faso 11.6 6.9 39.5 11.5 2003 39.5 2007 -
 Burundi 19.3 9.5 42.4 19.3 1998 42.4 1998 -
 Cambodia 12.2 7.3 41.7 12.0 2004 43 2007 est. -
 Cameroon 15.7 9.1 44.6 15.4 2001 44.6 2001 -
 Canada 9.4 5.5 32.6 9.5 2000 32.1 2005 -
 Central African Republic 69.2 32.7 61.3 68.1 1993 61.3 1993 -
 Chad 52.3
 Chile 26.2 15.7 52.0 32.1 2003 54.9 2003 -
 China (PRC) 21.6 12.2 46.9 21.8 2004 41.5 2007 46.9[9]
 Colombia 60.4 25.3 58.5 56.3 2008 58.5 2008 -
 Democratic Republic of the Congo 55
 Congo 56.2
 Costa Rica 23.4 15.6 48.9 37.4 2003 48.0 2008 -
 Côte d'Ivoire 16.6 9.7 44.6 17.0 2002 44.6 2002 -
 Croatia 7.3 4.8 29.0 7.2 2003 est. 29 2008 -
UN R/P 10% UN R/P 20% UN Gini as a percentage CIA R/P 10% Year CIA Gini as a percentage Year GPI Gini 2008 as a percentage
 Cuba 30.0
 Cyprus 29 2005 -
 Czech Republic 5.2 3.5 25.4 5.2 1996 26.0 2005 -
 Denmark 8.1 4.3 24.7 12.0 2000 est. 29 2007 -
 Dominican Republic 25.3 14.3 50.0 29.4 2005 49.9 2005[10] -
 Ecuador 35.2 17.3 54.4 17.5 2006 Oct. [11] 47.9 2009 -
 Egypt 8.0 5.1 34.4 8.0 2000 34.4 2001 -
 El Salvador 38.6 20.9 46.9 55.4 2002 52.4 2002 -
 Equatorial Guinea 65
 Estonia 10.8 6.4 35.8 11.0 2003 34.0 2008 -
 Ethiopia 6.6 4.3 30 6.5 2000 30 2000 -
 Finland 5.6 3.8 26.9 5.7 2000 26.8 2008 -
 France 9.1 5.6 32.7 8.3 2004 32.7 2008 -
 Gabon 60
 The Gambia 20.2 11.2 50.2 20.6 1998 50.2 1998 -
 Georgia 15.4 8.3 40.4 15.2 2003 40.8 2009 -
 Germany 6.9 4.3 28.3 6.9 2000 27.0 2006 -
 Ghana 14.1 8.4 40.8 13.7 1999 39.4 2006 -
UN R/P 10% UN R/P 20% UN Gini as a percentage CIA R/P 10% Year CIA Gini as a percentage Year GPI Gini 2008 as a percentage
 Greece 10.2 6.2 34.3 10.4 2000 est. 33.0 2005 -
 Guatemala 33.9 20.3 53.7 48.2 2002 55.1 2007 -
 Guinea 10.5 6.6 38.6 21.6 2006 38.1 2006 -
 Guinea-Bissau 19.0 10.3 47 84.8 1991 -
 Guyana 26.0 1999 43.2 1999 -
 Haiti 54.4 26.6 59.5 68.1 2001 59.2 2001 -
 Honduras 59.4 17.2 55.3 35.2 2003 53.8 2003 -
 Hong Kong 17.8 9.7 43.4 53.3 2007 -
 Hungary 5.5 3.8 26.9 5.6 2002 28.0 2005 -
 Iceland 28 2006 -
 India 8.6 5.6 36.8 8.6 2004 36.8 2004 -
 Indonesia 7.8 5.2 34.3 7.9 2002 39.4 2005 -
 Iraq 42
 Iran 17.2 9.7 43 16.9 1998 44.5 2006 38.3[12]
 Ireland 9.4 5.6 34.3 9.4 2000 30.7 2008 -
 Israel 13.4 7.9 39.2 11.8 2005 39.2 2008 -
 Italy 11.6 6.5 36 11.7 2000 32 2006 -
 Jamaica 17.3 9.8 45.5 17.0 2004 45.5 2004 -
UN R/P 10% UN R/P 20% UN Gini as a percentage CIA R/P 10% Year CIA Gini as a percentage Year GPI Gini 2008 as a percentage
 Japan 4.5 3.4 24.9 4.5 1993 37.6 2008 -
 Jordan 11.3 6.9 38.8 11.3 2003 39.7 2007 -
 Kazakhstan 8.5 5.6 33.9 8.0 2004 est. 28.8 2008 -
 Kenya 13.6 8.2 42.5 18.6 2000 42.5 2008 -
 North Korea 31.0
 South Korea 7.8 4.7 31.6 8.6 2005 est. 31.4 2009 -
 Kuwait 30
 Kyrgyzstan 6.4 4.4 30.3 6.4 2003 30.3 2003 -
 Laos 8.3 5.4 34.6 8.4 2002 34.6 2002 -
 Latvia 11.6 6.8 37.7 11.6 2003 36.0 2005 -
 Lebanon 45
 Lesotho 10.5 44.2 63.2 48.2 2002 est. 63.2 1995 -
 Liberia 12.8 52.6 -
 Libya 36.0
 Lithuania 10.4 6.3 36 10.3 2003 36.0 2005 -
 Luxembourg 6.8 2000 26 2005 -
 Macedonia 12.5 7.5 39 12.3 2003 39 2003 -
 Madagascar 19.2 11.0 47.5 19.3 2001 47.5 2001 -
UN R/P 10% UN R/P 20% UN Gini as a percentage CIA R/P 10% Year CIA Gini as a percentage Year GPI Gini 2008 as a percentage
 Malawi 10.9 6.7 39 11.0 2004 39.0 2004 -
 Malaysia 22.1 12.4 49.2 28.0 2003 est. 46.1 2002 -
 Mali 12.5 7.6 40.1 12.6 2001 40.1 2001 -
 Malta 26 2007 -
 Mauritania 12.0 7.4 39 11.8 2000 39 2000 -
 Mauritius 39 2006 est. -
 Mexico 21.6 12.8 51.6 24.6 2004 48.2 2008 -
 Moldova 8.2 5.3 33.2 8.3 2003 33.2 2003 -
 Mongolia 8.2 5.4 32.8 8.2 2002 32.8 2002 -
 Montenegro 30 2003 -
 Morocco 11.7 7.2 39.5 11.9 1999 40.9 2005 est. -
 Mozambique 18.8 9.9 47.3 18.8 2002 47.3 2002 -
 Myanmar 11.6 1998 40
 Namibia 12.8 56.1 74.3 129.0 2003 70.7 2003 -
 Nepal 15.8 9.1 47.2 15.6 2004 47.2 2008 -
 Netherlands 9.2 5.1 30.9 9.2 1999 30.9 2007 -
 New Zealand 12.5 6.8 36.2 36.2 1997 -
 Nicaragua 31.0 8.8 52.3 15.4 2001 43.1 2001 -
UN R/P 10% UN R/P 20% UN Gini as a percentage CIA R/P 10% Year CIA Gini as a percentage Year GPI Gini 2008 as a percentage
 Niger 46.0 20.7 50.5 44.3 1995 50.5 1995 -
 Nigeria 17.8 9.7 43.7 17.5 2003 43.7 2003 -
 Norway 6.1 3.9 25.8 6.0 2000 25.0 2008 -
 Oman 32
 Pakistan 6.5 4.3 30.6 6.6 2002 30.6 2008 -
 Panama 49.9 23.9 54.9 61.4 2003 56.1 2003 -
 Papua New Guinea 23.8 12.6 50.9 23.8 1996 50.9 1996 -
 Paraguay 38.8 25.7 53.2 65.9 2003 53.2 2009 -
 Peru 26.1 15.2 50.5 31.5 2003 52 2008 -
 Philippines 15.5 9.3 44.5 15.5 2003 45.8 2006 -
 Poland 8.8 5.6 34.5 8.7 2002 34.9 2005 -
 Portugal 15.0 8.0 38.5 9.2 1995 est. 38.5 2007 -
 Qatar 39
 Romania 7.5 4.9 31.0 7.4 2003 32.0 2008 -
 Russia 12.7 7.6 39.9 12.8 2002 42.3 2008 -
 Rwanda 18.6 9.9 46.8 18.2 2000 46.8 2000 -
 Saudi Arabia 32.0
 Senegal 12.3 7.4 41.3 12.4 2001 41.3 2001 -
UN R/P 10% UN R/P 20% UN Gini as a percentage CIA R/P 10% Year CIA Gini as a percentage Year GPI Gini 2008 as a percentage
 Serbia 26 2008 -
 Sierra Leone 87.2 57.6 62.9 87.2 1989 62.9 1989 -
 Singapore 17.7 9.7 42.5 17.3 1998 48.1 2008 -
 Slovakia 6.7 4.0 25.8 6.7 1996 26 2005 -
 Slovenia 5.9 3.9 28.4 5.9 1998 28.4 2008 -
 Somalia 30
 South Africa 33.1 17.9 57.8 31.9 2000 65.0 2005 -
 Spain 10.3 6.0 34.7 10.2 2000 32.0 2005 -
 Sri Lanka 11.1 6.9 40.2 36.1 2003/04 fiscal year 49 2007 -
 Sudan 51
 Swaziland 25.1 13.0 50.4 25.4 2001 50.4 2001 -
 Sweden 6.2 4.0 25.0 6.2 2000 23.0 2005 -
 Switzerland 9.0 5.5 33.7 8.9 2000 33.7 2008 -
 Syria 42.0
 Taiwan (ROC) 6.1 2002 est. 33 2000[13] -
 Tajikistan 7.8 5.2 32.6 7.8 2003 32.8 2006 -
 Tanzania 9.2 5.8 34.6 9.3 2000 34.6 2000 -
 Thailand 12.6 7.7 42 12.4 2002 43 2006 -
UN R/P 10% UN R/P 20% UN Gini as a percentage CIA R/P 10% Year CIA Gini as a percentage Year GPI Gini 2008 as a percentage
 Timor-Leste 38 2002 est. -
 Trinidad and Tobago 12.9 7.6 38.9 -
 Tunisia 13.4 7.9 39.8 13.7 2000 40 2005 est. -
 Turkey 6.6 4.6 41.2 17.1 2003 41 2007 -
 Turkmenistan 12.3 7.7 40.8 12.2 1998 40.8 1998 -
 Uganda 16.6 9.2 45.7 16.4 2002 45.7 2002 -
 Ukraine 5.9 4.1 28.1 7.6 2006 31.0 2006 -
 United Arab Emirates 31
 United Kingdom 13.8 7.2 36.0 13.6 1999 34.0 2005 -
 United States 15.9 8.4 40.8 15.0 2007 est. 45.0 2007 -
 Uruguay 20.1 10.2 47.1 17.9 2003 45.2 2006 -
 Uzbekistan 10.6 6.2 36.8 10.6 2003 36.8 2003 -
 Venezuela 18.8 16.0 49.5 50.3 2003 41.0 2009 -
 Vietnam 6.9 4.9 34.4 10.0 2004 37.0 2004 -
 Yemen 8.6 5.6 33.4 8.6 2003 37.7 2005 -
 World 12.0 2002 est. -

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Underground economy and income inequality: two connected aspects in the oncoming context of Italian federalism. By Iacopo Odoardi and Carmen Pagliari. Vol. 15 No. 1, 2011. Global & Local Economic Review.
  2. ^ The Size of the Shadow Economies of 145 Countries all over the World: First Results over the Period 1999 to 2003. December 2004. By Friedrich Schneider (University of Linz and IZA Bonn). Institute for the Study of Labor.
  3. ^ Data show the ratio of the income or expenditure share of the richest group to that of the poorest. Human Development Report 2009, UNDP, accessed on July 30, 2011.
  4. ^ Data show the ratio of the income or expenditure share of the richest group to that of the poorest. Human Development Report 20087-2008, UNDP, accessed on February 3, 2008.
  5. ^ Human Development Report 2010, United Nations Development Programme. Table 3 has the Gini coefficients by country. The year is not given for the Gini coefficient.
  6. ^ Data show the ratio of the household income or consumption share of the richest group to that of the poorest. Household income or consumption by percentage share (%), The World Factbook, CIA, updated on January 24, 2008. Note: To calculate the value given in the table for this article, the highest 10% value was divided by the lowest 10% value.
  7. ^ Distribution of family income - Gini index, The World Factbook, CIA, updated on January 24, 2008.
  8. ^ Global Peace Index calculation incorporates UN Gini scores where available, so countries with a UN Gini calculation are left blank in this column. At [1] click on each country to see its Gini coefficient. Year is not given. "There are, nevertheless, some problems with the Gini-coefficient; there is a considerable lag in the publication of statistics for many countries suffers, forcing the Economist Intelligence Unit to estimate the coefficient for a sizeable proportion of the 153 countries in the GPI. These problems of measurement look likely to persist for the foreseeable future, and the use of other measures of income inequality may be more effective."
  9. ^ Stephen Young (2010) Geni Coefficient Nation Multimedia
  10. ^ Data are for urban households.
  11. ^ Data for urban households only.
  12. ^ http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2009_EN_Complete.pdf
  13. ^ "CIA - The World Factbook 2002 - Field Listing - Distribution of family income - Gini index". Faqs.org. http://www.faqs.org/docs/factbook/fields/2172.html. Retrieved 2011-08-03. 

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