Jordan Downs, Los Angeles, California

Jordan Downs Housing Projects is a 700-unit public housing apartment complex in Watts, Los Angeles, California. It consists of 103 buildings with townhouse style units ranging in size from one bedroom to five bedrooms. The complex is owned and managed by the Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles (HACLA).

The complex is bounded by Grape Street to the west, 97th Street to the north, Alameda Street to the east, and 103rd Street to the south. It is the home of the Grape Street Watts Crips.

History

Early years

The complex was originally developed as semi-permanent housing for war workers during World War II. In the early 1950s, HACLA converted it to public housing; it was among the last of the public housing projects in Watts to be opened for that purpose. It opened in 1955, shortly after new mayor Norris Poulson ended all new public housing in the city.

The development, like others in the area, began partially integrated; however, its tenancy rapidly became majority African-American, approaching 100% by the mid-60s. This rapid change occurred for a number of reasons. Many of the veterans who still lived in the projects in the early 50s moved out as they were able to purchase homes. African-Americans, still migrating west after the war ended, gravitated toward areas like Watts that already had sizeable African-American populations. In addition, at least in the first decade of the post-war period, restrictive covenants helped channel recent migrants into Watts and away from nearby suburban cities such as Compton.

1960s to 1980s

Across the next four decades, Jordan Downs and the other project houses came to be seen as microcosms of the ills of society: either of the welfare state, as conservatives argued, or of unfettered capitalism, as liberals argued. The rapid decrease in manufacturing jobs in Los Angeles depressed the area; at the same time, the concentration of impoverished citizens, combined with a pervasive sense of disenfranchisement and official indifference or hostility, made the housing projects likely breeding-grounds for crime. Jordan Downs was one of the flashpoints of the 1965 Watts Riot. Like the other housing projects, Jordan Downs benefitted relatively little from the influx of federal money and attention that followed the riots. In the seventies and eighties, despair about the post-war model of public housing and declining federal spending in this area served to further dilapidate this and the other area projects.

By the mid-1980s, Jordan Downs was probably most famous among the general public as one of the homes to the newly-prominent street gangs: in this case, the Crip gang named after Grape Street. In 1989, claiming that HACLA had failed to improve quality of life at the project, executive director Leila Gonzalez-Correa announced plans to sell the project to a private developer at market value. The plan was intended to provide a fresh influx of money while preserving the land as low-income housing. The plan was eventually cancelled in the face of opposition from residents and the Los Angeles City Council; potential buyers also noted that the security and insurance risks associated with the project would be likely to make Jordan Downs an unprofitable investment. The controversy contributed to Gonzalez-Correa's departure from the housing authority at the end on 1989.

1990s and today

In the early 1990s, Jordan Downs witnessed the same social changes that marked the city as a whole. The changing demographics of Watts were reflected in tenancy at the project, as Latin American tenants began to make inroads into the long-sizeable African-American majority at the facility. This transformation, though generally peaceful, was accompanied by occasional tension. In 1991, there were brief calls for separate Latino housing in the projects. The calls were spurred by a racially-charged tragedy. An arson fire killed five members of a Mexican family. In the confusion of the blaze the family's grandfather shot a black neighbor, Gregory Moore, who had come to help the family. The grandfather believed that Moore was one of the arsonists; the family felt it had been targeted because family members had repeatedly complained to housing authorities about drug dealers in front of their apartment. Shortly after, police arrested three middle-aged drug addicts who said that dealers had promised to pay them to terrorize the Zunigas. Two of the arsonists received life imprisonment; the third received a lighter sentence for testifying for the prosecution.

The Grape Street Crips wore purple bandanas in their left pocket along with any of the three shades of blue. (baby, navy, and royal) They were key players in both the Watts Truce that preceded the 1992 Los Angeles riots and the more general truce agreed to in the wake of the riots. As a result, Jordan Downs was comparatively peaceful for the balance of the 1990s. The resurgence of gang violence in the new century, combined with steep cutbacks in police patrols, has led to a steady increase in gang violence since 2002. The complex is featured in the movie "Menace II Society".

Track star Florence Griffith-Joyner was raised in the complex.

Emergency services

Police service

Los Angeles Police Department operates the nearby Southeast Community Police Station [http://www.lapdonline.org/southeast_community_police_station] .

Education

Imperial Courts is zoned to:
* [http://sfpc.lausd.k12.ca.us/Joyner/default.htm Florence Griffith-Joyner Elementary School]
* [http://www.lausd.k12.ca.us/Markham_MS/ Markham Middle School]
*Jordan High School.

All three are in the Los Angeles Unified School District.