List of endangered species in the British Isles

This is a list of endangered and threatened animal and plant species in the British Isles. They are endangered or have reducing populations within the British Isles and may become extinct in the future. Some suffer because of loss of habitat, but many are in decline following the introduction of foreign species, which out-compete the native species or carry disease. For example the native Red Squirrel population suffered dramatically with the introduction of the American Grey Squirrel, which carries the Squirrel pox virus. This is also the case with Brown Trout, which are cannot compete with the larger and more aggressive Rainbow trout.

See also the list of extinct animals of the British Isles.

This list includes the 116 species identified as requiring action plans in the Biodiversity Steering Group's report of December 1995.

Mammals

*Bottlenose dolphin "Tursiops truncatus"
*European Hare "Lepus europaeus"
*Hazel Dormouse "Muscardinus avellanarius"
*European Otter "Lutra lutra"
*Greater Horseshoe Bat "Rhinolophus ferrumequinium"
*Greater Mouse-eared Bat "Myotis myotis" (extinct as resident)
*Harbour Porpoise "Phocoena phocoena"
*Red Squirrel "Sciurus vulgaris"
*Water Vole "Arvicola terrestris"

Birds

Birds currently on the Red List include the following:
*Aquatic Warbler "Acrocephalus paludicola" (passage migrant through UK)
*Capercaillie "Tatrao urogallus"
*Corn Crake "Crex crex" - globally threatened
*Eurasian Wryneck "Jynx torquilla" (extinct as breeding species)
*Great Bittern "Botarus stellaris"
*Grey Partridge "Perdix perdix"
*Osprey "Pandion haliaetus" - loss of habitat
*Red-backed Shrike "Lanius collurio" (extinct as breeding species)
*Red Kite "Milvus milvus" - hunting
*Scottish Crossbill "Loxia scotica" (endemic)
*Skylark "Alauda arvensis"
*Song Thrush "Turdus philomelos"
*Stone-Curlew "Burhinus oedicnemus"

Reptiles

*Slow-worm "Anguis fragilis"
*Sand lizard "Lacerta agilis"
*Common or Viviparous lizard "Zootoca vivipara"
*Northern or European adder "Vipera berus"
*Grass snake "Natrix natrix"
*Smooth snake "Coronella austriaca"

Amphibians

*Great crested newt "Triturus cristatus"
*Natterjack toad "Bufo calamita"

Fish

*Allis shad "Alosa alosa"
*Brown trout - competition from alien species
*Pollan "Coregonus autumnalis pollan"
*Thwaite shad "Alosa fallax"
*Vendace "Coregonus albula"

Insects

Ants

*Black-backed meadow ant "Formica pratensis" (possibly extinct)
*Black bog ant "Formica candida"
*Narrow-headed ant "Formica exsecta"

Bees

*Shrill carder bee "Bombus sylvarum"

Beetles

*Beaulieu dung beetle "Aphodius niger" (a dung beetle)
*Blue ground beetle "Carabus intricatus"
*"Bembidion argenteolum" (a ground beetle)
*Crucifix ground beetle "Panagaeus crux-major" (a ground beetle)
*Hazel pot beetle "Cryptocephalus coryli" (a leaf beetle)
*Lizard weevil "Cathormiocerus britannicus" (probably endemic)
*"Orbera oculata" (a longhorn beetle)
*Pashford pot beetle "Cryptocephalus exiguus" (a leaf beetle, probably endemic and extinct)
*Stag beetle "Lucanus cervus"
*"Stenus palposus" (a rove beetle)
*"Tachys edmonsi" (a ground beetle, endemic)
*Violet click beetle "Limoniscus violaceus"

Butterflies and moths

*Bright wave "Idaea ochrata"
*Brown hairstreak "Thecla betulae"
*Chequered skipper "Carterosephalus palaemon"
*Dingy skipper "Erynnis tages"
*Duke of Burgundy "Hamearis lucina"
*Flounced chestnut "Agonum scitulum"
*Glanville fritillary "Melitaea cinxia"
*Grayling "Hipparchia semele"
*Greenweed flat-body moth "Agonopterix atomella" (a micro-moth)
*Grey dagger "Acronicta psi"
*Grizzled skipper "Pyrgus malvae"
*Heath fritillary "Mellicta athalia"
*High brown fritillary "Argynnis adippe"
*Knot grass "Aconicta rumicis"
*Large blue "Maculinea arion" (endemic subspecies extinct, re-established from Swedish stock)
* [Large copper "Lycaena dispar" — Although included in the 1995 Report, it does not appear in the latest list; endemic subspecies extinct, as are earlier re-establishments]
*Large heath "Coenonympha tullia"
*Lulworth skipper "Thymelicus acteon"
*Marsh fritillary "Eurodryas aurinia"
*Mountain ringlet "Erebia epiphron"
*Netted carpet moth "Eustroma reticulata"
*Northern brown argus "Aricia artaxerxes"
*Pearl-bordered fritillary "Boloria euphrosyne"
*Reddish buff "Acosmetia caliginosa"
*Silver-spotted skipper "Hesperia comma"
*Silver-studded blue "Plebejus argus"
*Small blue "Cupido minimus"
*Small heath "Coenonympha pamphilus"
*Small pearl-bordered fritillary " Boloria selene"
*Speckled footman "Coscinia cribraria"
*Wall "Lasiommata megera"
*White admiral "Limenitis camilla"
*White-letter hairstreak "Satyrium w-album"
*Wood white "Leptidea sinapis"

Crickets

*European mole cricket "Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa"

Damselflies

*Southern damselfly "Coenagrion mercuriale"

Flies

*"Callicera spinolae" (a hoverfly)
*Golden hoverfly "Chrysotoxum octomaculatum"
*Hornet robberfly "Asilus crabroniformis"
*Manx robber fly "Machimus cowini" (endemic)

Grasshoppers

*Large marsh grasshopper "Stethophyma grossum"

Crustaceans

*White clawed crayfish "Austropotamobius pallipes"

Molluscs

;Gastropods
*Desmoulin's whorl snail "Vertigo moulinsiana"
*Geyer's whorl snail "Vertigo geyeri"
*Glutinous snail "Myxas glutinosa"
*Little whirlpool ram's-horn snail "Anisus vorticulus"
*Narrow-mouthed whorl snail "Vertigo angustior"
*Round-mouthed whorl snail "Vertigo genesii"
*Sandbowl snail "Catinella arenaria"
*Shining ram's-horn snail "Segmentina nitida"

;Bivalves
*Depressed river mussel "Pseudanodonta complanata"
*Fine-lined pea mussel "Pisidium tenuilineatum"
*Freshwater pearl mussel "Margaritifera margaritifera"

Other invertebrates

*Ivell's sea anemone (endemic and probably extinct)
*Medicinal leech "Hirudo medicinalis"
*Starlet sea anemone "Nematostella vectensis"

Plants

Flowering plants

*Creeping marshwort "Apium repens"
*Early gentian "Gentianella anglica" (endemic)
*Eyebrights "Euphrasia sp." (endemic)
*Fen orchid "Liparis loeselii"
*Floating water-plantain "Luronium natans"
*Holly-leaved naiad "Najas marina"
*Isle of Man Cabbage "Coincya monensis" (endemic)
*Lady's slipper orchid "Cypripedium calceolus"
*Lundy cabbage "Coincya wrightii" (endemic)
*Mountain scurvy-grass "Cochlearia micacea" (probably endemic)
*Norwegian mugwort "Artemisia norvegica"
*Ribbon-leaved water plantain "Alisma gramineum"
*Shetland pondweed "Potamogeton rutilus"
*Shore dock "Rumex rupestris"
*Slender naiad "Najas flexilis"
*Star fruit "Damasonum alisma"
*Three-lobed crowfoot "Ranunculus tripartitus"
*Western ramping-fumitory "Fumaria occidentalis" (endemic)
*Wild cotoneaster "Cotoneaster cambriscus" (probably endemic)
*Yellow marsh saxifrage "Saxifraga hirculus"
*Young's helleborine orchid "Epipactis youngiana" (endemic)

Ferns

*Killarney fern "Trichomanes speciosum"
*Newman's lady fern "Athyrium flexile" (probably endemic)

Fungi

*Devil's bolete "Boletus satanus"
*Nail fungus "Poronia punctata"
*Sandy stilt puffball "Battarraea phalloides"
*"Tulostoma niveum"

Lichens

*Elm's gyalecta "Gyalecta ulmi"
*Orange-fruited elm-lichen "Caloplaca luteoalba"
*"Pseudocyphellaria aurata"
*"Pseudocyphellaria novegica"
*River jelly lichen "Collema dishotomum"
*"Schismatomma graphidioides"
*Starry breck-lichen "Buellia asterella"

Mosses

*Cornish path-moss "Ditrichum cornubicum" (endemic)
*Derbyshire feather-moss "Thamnobryum angustifolium" (endemic)
*Glaucous beard-moss "Didymodon glaucus"
*Green shield moss "Buxbaumia viridis"
*Slender green feather-moss "Hamatocaulis vernicosus"
*"Weissia multicapsularis"

Liverworts

*Atlantic lejeunea "Lejeunea mandonii"
*Marsh earwort "Jamesoniella undulifolia"
*Norfolk flapwort "Lophozia rutheana"
*Petalwort "Petalophyllum ralfsii"
*Western Rustwort "Marsupella profunda"

toneworts

*Mossy stonewort "Chara muscosa" (probably extinct)

External links

* [http://www.ukbap.org.uk/NewPriorityList.aspx UK BAP Website: UK List of Priority Species and Habitats]