River mile

A River mile is a measure of distance in miles along a river from its mouth. River mile numbers begin at zero and increase further upstream. The corresponding metric unit using kilometers is the River kilometer. They are analogous to vehicle roadway mile markers, except that river miles are rarely marked on the physical river; instead they are marked on navigation charts, topographic maps, and the like. Riverfront properties are sometimes partially legally described by their river mile.

The river mile is not the same as the length of the river, rather it is a means of locating any feature along the river relative to its distance from the mouth, when measured along the course (or navigable channel) of the river.cite book | last = Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection | coauthors = Bureau of Watershed Management, Division of Water Use Planning | others = Prepared in Cooperation with the United States Department of the Interior Geological Survey | title = Pennsylvania Gazetteer of Streams | url = http://www.lycoming.edu/biologydept/petokas/pa%20gazzetter%20of%20streams.pdf | format = PDF | accessdate = 2008-04-11 | year = 2001 ]

River mile zero may not be exactly at the mouth. For example, the Willamette River (which discharges into the Columbia River) has its river mile zero at the edge of the navigable channel in the Columbia, some 900 ft beyond the mouth. [ See [http://mapper.acme.com/?ll=45.65461,-122.76432&z=16&t=T&marker0=45.65294%2C-122.76488%2CWillamette%20River%20mouth%20(and%20city%20boundary)&marker1=45.65578%2C-122.76406%2CWillamette%20River%20Mile%20Zero%5C%2C%20at%20edge%20of%20Columbia%27s%20navigational%20channel this map of the Willamette's mouth] ]

Uses

River miles are used in a variety of ways. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in its 2001 "Pennsylvania Gazetteer of Streams", lists every named stream and every unnamed stream in a named geographic feature in the state, and gives the drainage basin area, mouth coordinates, and river mile, specifically the distance from the mouth of the tributary to the mouth of its parent stream. Some islands are named for their river mile distance, for example the Allegheny River in Pennsylvania has Six Mile Island, Nine Mile Island, Twelve Mile Island, and Fourteen Mile Island. [cite web |url= http://www.geology.pitt.edu/GeoSites/site%20PGHBW%204-3new.htm |title= Site: PGHBW 4-3, A View of the Point from Grandview Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA |accessdate= 2008-04-11 |publisher= University of Pittsburgh, Department of Geology ] cite map |scale = 1' - 1500" | publisher|url= http://www.lrp.usace.army.mil/navchart/al/chart5.pdf |title= Allegheny River Chart No. 5 (Pennsylvania, Allegheny County): Twelve Mile Island, Fourteen Mile Island, C.W. Bill Young Lock & Dam Pool |accessdate= 2007-08-25 |date= January 2004 |publisher= U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Pittsburgh District ] (The last two islands form Allegheny Islands State Park, although Fourteen Mile Island was split into two parts by a dam).cite web
url = http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/stateparks/parks/alleghenyislands.aspx | title = Allegheny Islands State Park | accessdate = 2008-04-11 | publisher = Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources ] [cite web | url = http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/brc/rivers/riversconservation/registry/62chap1.pdf |title = Three Rivers Conservation Plan, Chapter One: Project Area Characteristics | author = Pennsylvania Environmental Council | accessdate = 2008-04-11 | publisher = Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources ] The Susquehanna River's Three Mile Island's nuclear generating station famously melted down in 1979.

The state of Ohio uses the "River Mile System of Ohio", which is "a method to reference locations on streams and rivers of Ohio."cite web| url = http://www.epa.state.oh.us/dsw/gis/RiverMileSystem.htm |title = River Mile System of Ohio |publisher = Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Division of Surface Water |accessdate = 2008-04-11] This work began by hand measurements on paper maps between 1972 and 1975 and has since been converted to a computer-based electronic version, which now covers the state in 787 river mile maps. Locations of facilities such as wastewater treatment plants and water quality measurement sites are referenced via river miles. Ohio uses one of two systems. The simplest is just the name of the river and the location in river miles. In cases where there is ambiguity, for example when more than one stream has the same name, it uses a series of river mile strings referring to the distance to the ocean along either the Ohio River (and Mississippi River) or through Lake Erie (and the Saint Lawrence Seaway). The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers uses river miles for its navigation maps.

References