Paolo De Stefano

Paolo De Stefano (? – Reggio Calabria, October 10, 1985) was a member of the 'Ndrangheta who became the undisputed boss of Reggio Calabria.

Biography

Early years

De Stefano clan hailed from the Archi neighbourhood in Reggio Calabria. Paolo and his brother Giorgio De Stefano went to university for several years.Arlacchi, "Mafia Business", p. 121] According to the pentito Giacomo Lauro, who held important positions in the Reggio Calabria clans: "“In 1970 … the De Stefanos … were nobody, they were nobody. The De Stefano brothers became the owners of Reggio Calabria after the war, the first mafia war. … I do not want to swear, but who the fuck were the De Stefanos in the 1970s? They had killed a certain Sergi for four oxen, for a fraud of four oxen in Modena … These were the De Stefanos. They committed petty fraud for four cows, … then with cigarettes.”"

The De Stefano brothers would come to prominence as members of the clan of Domenico Tripodo, the old capobastone of Reggio Calabria, who had acquired considerable financial resources through tobacco smuggling. Within two years (as a result of the first 'Ndrangheta war in 1974-1976) the moved from being simple 'Ndranghetisti to being the new “lords” of Reggio Calabria.Paoli, "Mafia Brotherhoods", pp. 50-51] They won a monopoly of construction work in northern Reggio Calabria, moving the rival Tripodo group out of the market of public work contracts with the support of the Piromalli and Mammolito cosche.Arlacchi, "Mafia Business", p. 156] They also robbed a shipment of smuggled tobacco belonging to Tripodo.it icon [http://www.liberainformazione.org/doc/rapporto1.doc Relazione mafie nel Lazio: Le famiglie mafiose operanti nel Lazio] , LiberaInformazione]

Paolo’s brother Giovanni De Stefano was killed in 1974 and his other brother Giorgio was wounded. Tripodo was arrested in February 1975 and incarcerated in the Poggioreale prison in Naples. He was killed with the help of Camorra boss Raffaele Cutolo, the boss of the Nuova Camorra Organizzata (NCO) who worked with the De Stefano’s in drug trafficking.it icon [http://www.fondazionecesar.it/uploads/tx_useregidoc/Ndrangheta.pdf 'Ndrangheta 2005] , Nisio Palmieri, Dossier della Fondazione Cesar e dell’Associazione Sicurstrada per conto della Consulta Nazionale dei Consigli Regionali Unipol Assicurazioni]

Political connections

The De Stefano brothers had connections with the political right in all its political expressions (that is, from the official party, the Movimento Sociale Italiano, up to the extra-parliamentary movements) and actively supported them in the organisation of the revolt that took place in Reggio Calabria in 1970 against making Catanzaro the regional capital.Godson, "Menace to Society", p. 42] He also supported prince Junio Valerio Borghese and his plans for a neo-fascist coup. The so-called Golpe Borghese fizzled out in the night of December 8, 1970.

De Stefano entered in a masonic lodge in order to better take care of business and political interests. He also supported his cousin, the lawyer Giorgio De Stefano, to be elected for the Christian Democrat party (DC - Democrazia Cristiana).

econd 'Ndrangheta war

A second 'Ndrangheta war was triggered by the marriage between Giuseppina Condello – the sister of the Condello brothers, underbosses of De Stefano – and Antonio Imerti, the leader of a neighbouring "'ndrina" in Villa San Giovanni. The conflict exploded in 1985, two years after the marriage and saw practically all the ‘ndrine in the city of Reggio Calabria grouped into either one of two opposing factions. De Stefano had become fearful of the new alliance that might challenge his power base. A failed attempt on Antonio Imerti triggered the murder of Paolo De Stefano on October 10, 1985.Paoli, "Mafia Brotherhoods", pp. 88-89] The bloody six-year war between the Condello-Imerti clan and De Stefano allied with the Tegano clan left 621 deaths. [http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/feb/24/internationalcrime.italy Godfather's arrest fuels fear of bloody conflict] , The Observer, February 24, 2008] it icon [http://www.repubblica.it/2008/02/sezioni/cronaca/arresto-condello/condello-storia/condello-storia.html Condello, leader pacato e spietato] , La Repubblica, February 19, 2008] it icon [http://www.parlamento.it/parlam/bicam/14/Antimafia/documenti/relazann2003II.pdf Relazione annuale] , Commissione parlamentare d’inchiesta sul fenomeno della criminalità organizzata mafiosa o similare, July 30, 2003]

According to the sociologist Pino Arlacchi, the background of the war was the attempt of the De Stefano brothers to turn their accumulated wealth and power to account by claiming contracts for the Gioia Tauro port. The resulting clash with the Piromalli family, whose monopoly this was, half destroyed the De Stefano cosca and left the leader, Paolo De Stefano, dead.Arlacchi, "Mafia Business", p. 157] His brother Orazio De Stefano took over the leadership of the clan until his arrest on February 22, 2004.it icon [http://www.repubblica.it/2004/b/sezioni/cronaca/morabito/destefano/destefano.html 'Ndrangheta, preso De Stefano] , "La Repubblica", February 22, 2004]

According to prosecutor Salvatore Boemi, De Stefano was the representation of the manager-criminal controlling a crime multinational with joint ventures with Raffaele Cutolo from the Camorra and Nitto Santapaola and Francesco Ferrera from Cosa Nostra in Catania.it icon [http://www.csm.it/quaderni/quad_99a/quad_99_2.pdf L’atteggiarsi delle associazioni mafiose sulla base delle esperienze processuali acquisite: la ’ndrangheta] , by Salvatore Boemi, prosecutor in Reggio Calabria]

References

*Arlacchi, Pino (1988). "Mafia Business. The Mafia Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism", Oxford: Oxford University Press ISBN 0-19-285197-7
*Godson, Roy (2003). " [http://books.google.nl/books?id=K616GHp62UkC Menace to Society: Political-Criminal Collaboration Around the World] ", Edison (NJ): Transaction Publishers ISBN 0765805022
*Paoli, Letizia (2003). " [http://books.google.nl/books?id=qX5NfHTWzS0C&dq Mafia Brotherhoods: Organized Crime, Italian Style] ", New York: Oxford University Press ISBN 0-19-515724-9 ( [http://www.organized-crime.de/revpao01mafiandrangheta.htm Review] by Klaus Von Lampe) ( [http://www.ccja-acjp.ca/en/cjcr/cjcr68.html Review] by Alexandra V. Orlova)