Arthroplasty

Arthroplasty

Arthroplasty (literally "formation of joint") is an operative procedure of orthopaedic surgery performed, in which the arthritic or dysfunctional joint surface is replaced with something better or by remodeling or realigning the joint by osteotomy or some other procedure. Previously, a popular form of arthroplasty was interpositional arthroplasty with interposition of some other tissue like skin, muscle or tendon to keep inflammatory surfaces apart or excisional arthroplasty in which the joint surface and bone was removed leaving scar tissue to fill in the gap. Other forms of arthroplasty include resection(al) arthroplasty, resurfacing arthroplasty, mold arthroplasty, cup arthroplasty, silicone replacement arthroplasty, etc. Osteotomy to restore or modify joint congruity is also an arthroplasty.

For the last 45 years the most successful and common form of arthroplasty is the surgical replacement of arthritic or destructive or necrotic joint or joint surface with prosthesis. For example a hip joint that is affected by osteoarthritis may be replaced entirely (total hip arthroplasty) with a prosthetic hip. This would involve replacing both the acetabulum (hip socket) and the head and neck of the femur. The purpose of this procedure is to relieve pain, to restore range of motion and to improve walking ability, thus leading to the improvement of muscle strength.

Indications for arthroplasty include:
*osteoarthritis (OA)
*rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
*avascular necrosis (AVN) or osteonecrosis (ON)
*congenital dislocation of the hip joint (CDH) Hip dysplasia (human)
*acetabular dysplasia (shallow hip socket)
*frozen shoulder, loose shoulder
*traumatized and malaligned joint
*joint stiffness


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • arthroplasty — 1. Creation of an artificial joint to correct advanced degenerative arthritis, 2. An operation to restore as far as possible the integrity and functional power of a joint. [arthro + G. plastos, formed] Charnley hip a. a form of total hip …   Medical dictionary

  • arthroplasty — n. surgical refashioning of a diseased joint to relieve pain and to maintain or regain movement. An excision (or resection) arthroplasty involves the excision of enough bone to create a gap at which movement can occur. In an interposition… …   The new mediacal dictionary

  • arthroplasty — noun surgical reconstruction or replacement of a malformed or degenerated joint • Hypernyms: ↑operation, ↑surgery, ↑surgical operation, ↑surgical procedure, ↑surgical process • Hyponyms: ↑arthrodesis * * * ˈ ̷ ̷ ̷ ̷ …   Useful english dictionary

  • arthroplasty — /ahr threuh plas tee/, n. the surgical repair of a joint or the fashioning of a movable joint, using the patient s own tissue or an artificial replacement. [1885 90; ARTHRO + PLASTY] * * * …   Universalium

  • arthroplasty — noun The surgical repair of a joint, or creation of an artificial joint, such as a hip replacement …   Wiktionary

  • arthroplasty — ar·thro·plas·ty …   English syllables

  • abrasion arthroplasty — arthroplasty with eburnation of one surface with a bur, which induces bleeding and fibrocartilaginous repair tissue to form a new articular surface, done in patients who cannot tolerate other arthroplasty procedures, such as after a first… …   Medical dictionary

  • total elbow arthroplasty — arthroplasty of both sides of the elbow joint, with humeral and ulnar components …   Medical dictionary

  • total knee arthroplasty (TKA) — arthroplasty of both sides of the knee joint, with tibial, patellar, and femoral components …   Medical dictionary

  • Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty — is a surgical procedure used to relieve arthritis in one of the knee compartments in which the damaged parts of the knee are replaced. UKA surgery may reduce post operative pain and have a shorter recovery period than a total knee… …   Wikipedia

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