Bottle Rack

The "Bottle Rack" (also called "Bottle Dryer" or "Hedgehog") ("Egouttoir" or "Porte-bouteilles" or "Hérisson") is an artwork created in 1914 by Dada artist Marcel Duchamp. Duchamp labeled the piece a "readymade", a term he used to describe his collection of ordinary, manufactured objects not commonly associated with art. The readymades did not have the serious tone of European Dada works, which criticized the violence of World War I, and instead focused on a more nonsensical nature, chosen purely on the basis of a "visual indifference". Citation|last=Cabanne|first=Pierre|title=Dialogues with Marcel Duchamp|pages=47-48|isbn=0306803038]

Origin

Marcel Duchamp claimed to have bought the "Bottle Rack" at a bazaar of the town hall. The exact location is disputed though, it has been argued that the piece was bought in a dry goods store or at a department store called Bazar de l'Hotel de Ville near the Paris city hall. cite web | url= http://arthist.binghamton.edu/duchamp/Bottle%20rack.html | title= Binghamton University Art Department of Art History: Duchamp | accessdate=2008-02-25] The "Bottle Rack" was a typical, metal rack used for the drying of bottles, but the spiky, aggressive appearance of the piece earned it the name of "Hedgehog". Unlike the earlier "Bicycle Wheel" (1913) or "Pharmacy" (1913), the "Bottle Rack" was not modified in any way, making it the first, "true" example of a readymade. cite web | url= http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20041203/ai_n12819857 | title= How Duchamp Made a Splash (and changed art forever) | accessdate=2008-02-25 | publisher= BNET] The "Bottle Rack" also had an inscription scribbled on its side, much like the infamous "R. Mutt" of Duchamp's "Fountain" (1917) piece, though the actual words remain a mystery as Duchamp had forgotten the inscription by the time it had been thrown out.Citation|last=Cabanne|first=Pierre|title=Dialogues with Marcel Duchamp|pages=47-48|isbn=0306803038]

Legacy

The original piece was destroyed, mistaken as garbage due to the seemingly mundane appearance and accidentally thrown out by Duchamp's sister and step-sister after the artist left France in 1914 for the United States.Citation|last=Cabanne|first=Pierre|title=Dialogues with Marcel Duchamp|pages=47-48|isbn=0306803038] While the original no longer survives, the legacy of the work lives on, with replicas residing in prominent museums, such as the Philadelphia Museum of Art. cite web | url= http://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/92377.html | title= Philadelphia Museum of Art: Collection | accessdate=2008-02-25] , the Norton Simon Museum, and the Moderna Museet.

Without any actual modifications by the artist, the "Bottle Rack" is iconic for being Duchamp's first, "true" readymade. While Duchamp asserted that his readymades were done without any specific reason, art critics contend that the piece has sexual undertones of a Freudian nature. Critics suggest that the metal spikes represent the male genitalia, and that the absence of bottles is a reference to Duchamp being a bachelor at the time, a theme they claim is repeatedly conveyed throughout his works. cite web | url= http://arthist.binghamton.edu/duchamp/Bottle%20rack.html | title= Binghamton University Art Department of Art History: Duchamp | accessdate=2008-02-25]

ee also

*Surrealism
*Found art
*Modernism

Notes and references