Ammotrechidae

Ammotrechidae

Taxobox


image_caption = "Chinchippus peruvianus" Chamberlin, 1920
image_width = 250px
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Arthropoda
classis = Arachnida
ordo = Solifugae
familia = Ammotrechidae
familia_authority = Roewer, 1934
diversity_link = List of Ammotrechidae species
diversity = 22 genera, > 80 species
range_

range_map_width = 250px
subdivision_ranks = Genera
subdivision = See text.

Ammotrechidae are a family of solifuges distributed in the Americas and the Caribbean Islands. They include 22 described genera and at least 83 species. Members of this family can be distinguished from members of other families by the absence of claws on tarsi of leg I, tarsal segmentation 1-2-2-(2-4), pedipalps with pairs of lateroventral spines, and by males having an immovable flagellum on the mesal face of each chelicerum. The propeltidium of Ammotrechidae is recurved (Roewer, 1934).

The common names used for Ammotrechidae are Curve-faced Solifugid and Sand Runner. Ammotrechidae live in arid regions, such as dune and rocky habitats. They are carnivores which feed mainly on other invertebrates. Ammotrechidae have relatively high metabolic rates, which allow them to be voracious predators (Muma, 1966). They feed by masticating their prey and sucking out the liquids (Punzo, 1998). They are preyed upon by other vertebrates. Species of Ammotrechidae are found to be cannibalistic (Muma, 1967). Males and females dig shallow burrows for protection and nesting (Muma, 1966).

The species that are found in North America are found in the South to Southwest and are rarely longer then two inches. [ [http://www.texasento.net/Solifugids.htm Curve-faced Solifugid - Family Ammotrechidae ] ] Though these can be pests they can are mostly considered beneficial. Mostly because they feed on "scorpions, spiders and termites". [ [http://www.texasento.net/Solifugids.htm Curve-faced Solifugid - Family Ammotrechidae ] ] Some species are nocturnal but overall Ammotrechidae are relatively poorly studied.

Taxonomy

This family is subdivided in 5 subfamilies and 22 genera.
*Ammotrechinae (North, Central and South America)
**"Ammotrecha" Banks, 1900 — Chile to USA (9 species)
**"Ammotrechella" Roewer, 1934 — West Indies, northern South America to Florida (13 species)
**"Ammotrechesta" Roewer, 1934 — Central America (5 species)
**"Ammotrechinus" Roewer, 1934 — Haiti, Jamaica (1 species)
**"Ammotrechona" Roewer, 1934 — Cuba (1 species)
**"Ammotrechula" Roewer, 1934 — Ecuador to USA (12 species)
**"Antillotrecha" Armas, 1994Dominican Republic, Leeward Islands (2 species)
**"Campostrecha" Mello-Leitão, 1937 — Ecuador (1 species)
**"Dasycleobis" Mello-Leitão, 1940 — Argentina (1 species)
**"Neocleobis" Roewer, 1934Galapagos (1 species)
**"Pseudocleobis" Pocock, 1900 — South America(20 species)
*Mortolinae
**"Mortola" Mello-Leitão, 1938 — Argentina (1 species)
*Nothopuginae
**"Nothopuga" Maury, 1976 — Argentina (2 species)
*Oltacolinae
**"Oltacola" Roewer, 1934 — Argentina (4 species)
*Saronominae (Central and South America)
**"Branchia" Muma, 1951 — Mexico, USA (3 species)
**"Chinchippus" Chamberlin, 1920 — Peru (1 species)
**"Innesa" Roewer, 1934 — Guatemala (1 species)
**"Procleobis" Kraepelin, 1899 — Argentina (1 species)
**"Saronomus" Kraepelin, 1900 — Colombia, Venezuela (1 species)
*Subfamily not assigned
**"Chileotrecha" Maury, 1987 — Chile (1 species)
**"Eutrecha" Maury, 1982 — Venezuela (1 species)
**"Xenotrecha" Maury, 1982 — Venezuela (1 species)
** † "Happlodontus proterus" Poinar & Santiago-Blay, 1989 — fossil: Miocene amber (1 species)

References

* (1934): Solifuga, Palpigrada. Buch 4, pp. 1-723 in Bronn, H. G. Klassen und Ordnungen des Tierreichs. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft M. B. H., Leipzig. Fünfter Band: Arthropoda; IV. Abeitlung: Arachnoidea und kleinere ihnen nahegestellte Arthropodengruppen.
* (1966): Burrowing Habits of North American Solpugida (Arachnida). "Psyche" 73: 251-260. [http://psyche2.entclub.org/articles/73/73-251.pdf PDF]
* (1966b): Feeding behavior of North American Solpugida (Arachnida). "Florida Entomol." 49(3): 199-216.
* (1967): Basic Behavior of North American Solpugida. "Florida Entomologist" 50(2): 115-123.
* (1998): The Biology of Camel-spiders (Arachnida, Solifugae). "Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston".
*'s Biology Catalog: [http://insects.tamu.edu/research/collection/hallan/Acari/Family/Ammotrechidae.txt Ammotrechidae]

External links

* [http://www.solpugid.com/ammotrechidae.htm Ammotrechidae on Solpugid.com]
* [http://bugguide.net/node/view/55705 Family Ammotrechidae - Curve-faced Solifugid on BugGuide.net]
* [http://www.texasento.net/Solifugids.htm Curve-faced Solifugid from Texas Entomology]


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