- Al-Nayrizi
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Abū’l-‘Abbās al-Faḍl ibn Ḥātim al-Nairīzī (Arabic: أبو العباس الفضل بن حاتم النيريزي, Latin: Anaritius, Nazirius, 865–922) was a 9th-10th century Persian mathematician and astronomer from Nayriz, Fars, Iran.
He flourished under al-Mu'tadid, Caliph from 892 to 902, and compiled astronomical tables, writing a book for al-Mu'tadid on atmospheric phenomena.
Nayrizi wrote commentaries on Ptolemy and Euclid. The latter were translated by Gerard of Cremona. Nairizi used the so-called umbra (versa), the equivalent to the tangent, as a genuine trigonometric line (but he was anticipated in this by al-Marwazi).
He wrote a treatise on the spherical astrolabe, which is very elaborate and seems to be the best Persian work on the subject. It is divided into four books:
- Historical and critical introduction.
- Description of the spherical astrolabe; its superiority over plane astrolabes and all other astronomical instruments.
- Applications.
- Applications.
He gave a proof of the Pythagorean theorem using the Pythagorean tiling.[1]
Ibn al-Nadim mentions Nayrizi as a distinguished astronomer with Eight works by him listed in his book al-Fihrist.
Contents
Notes
- ^ Nelsen, Roger B. (November 2003), "Paintings, plane tilings, and proofs", Math Horizons: 5–8, http://www-stat.wharton.upenn.edu/~steele/Publications/Books/CSMC/New%20Problems/paintings.pdf. Reprinted in Haunsperger, Deanna; Kennedy, Stephen (2007), The Edge of the Universe: Celebrating Ten Years of Math Horizons, Spectrum Series, Mathematical Association of America, pp. 295–298, ISBN 9780883855553. See also Alsina, Claudi; Nelsen, Roger B. (2010), Charming proofs: a journey into elegant mathematics, Dolciani mathematical expositions, 42, Mathematical Association of America, pp. 168–169, ISBN 9780883853481. Nelsen uses the for "Annairizi" of his name; for the identification of it with Anaritius, see Isis, vol. 6, p. 515.
References
- H. Suter: Die Mathematiker und Astronomen der Araber (45, 1900)
- Nachtrage (164, 1902).
- O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Abu'l Abbas al-Fadl ibn Hatim Al-Nayrizi", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive, University of St Andrews, http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Al-Nayrizi.html.
Primary sources
- The (fragmentary) text of Nairizi's commentary on Euclid I. PDF scans from the edition of Codex Leidensis 399 (Classical Arabic)
External links
- Sabra, A. I. (2008) [1970-80]. "Al-Nayrīzī, Abu’l-‘Abbās Al-Faḍl Ibn Ḥātim". Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Encyclopedia.com. http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-2830903126.html.
- DeYoung, Gregg (2007). "Nayrīzī: Abū al‐ʿAbbās al‐Faḍl ibn Ḥātim al‐Nayrīzī". In Thomas Hockey et al. The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. New York: Springer. p. 823. ISBN 9780387310220. http://islamsci.mcgill.ca/RASI/BEA/Nayrizi_BEA.htm. (PDF version)
Mathematics in medieval Islam Mathematicians 9th century10th centuryAbd al-Rahman al-Sufi · Abū al-Wafā' al-Būzjānī · Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin · Abū Kāmil Shujāʿ ibn Aslam · Abu'l-Hasan al-Uqlidisi · Abu-Mahmud Khojandi · Ahmad ibn Yusuf · Al-Nayrizi · Al-Saghani · Brethren of Purity · Ibn Sahl · Ibn Yunus · Ibrahim ibn Sinan · Muhammad ibn Jābir al-Harrānī al-Battānī · Sinan ibn Thabit · Al-Isfahani · Abu-Mahmud Khojandi · Nazif ibn Yumn · Abū Sahl al-Qūhī11th centuryAbū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī · Abu Nasr Mansur · Abū Rayḥān al-Bīrūnī · Alhazen · Ibn Muʿādh al-Jayyānī · Al-Karaji · Al-Sijzi · Alī ibn Ahmad al-Nasawī · Avicenna · Ibn Tahir al-Baghdadi · Kushyar ibn Labban · Yusuf al-Mu'taman ibn Hud12th century13th centuryMuhyi al-Dīn al-Maghribī · Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī · Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī · Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī · Ibn al‐Ha'im al‐Ishbili · Ibn Abi al-Shukr14th centuryYaʿīsh ibn Ibrāhīm al-Umawī · Ibn al-Banna' al-Marrakushi · Ibn al-Shatir · Kamāl al-Dīn Fārisī · Al-Khalili · Qotb al-Din Shirazi · Ahmad al-Qalqashandi15th century16th centuryTreatises Concepts Alhazen's problemCenters Influences Influenced Categories:- Mathematicians of medieval Islam
- Astronomers of medieval Islam
- Scientists who worked on Qibla determination
- Persian mathematicians
- 9th-century mathematicians
- 10th-century mathematicians
- 865 births
- 922 deaths
- People from Nayriz
- Iranian scientist stubs
- Asian mathematician stubs
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