Tom Leykis

Tom Leykis
Tom Joseph Leykis
Born Thomas Joseph Leykis
August 1, 1956 (1956-08-01) (age 55)[1]
The Bronx, New York City, New York[2]
Residence Hollywood, California[3]
Nationality American
Other names "Dad"[4] "The Professor"
Occupation Radio personality
Known for The Tom Leykis Show, Naming Kobe Bryant's accuser
Height 5'11"[1]
Weight 210 lb [1]
Website
http://www.blowmeuptom.com/

Thomas Joseph Leykis (pronounced: /ˈlkɪs/;[5] born August 1, 1956) is an American radio personality. He currently hosts The Tasting Room with Tom Leykis, a weekly lifestyle program dealing with fine food and drink, airing weekends mainly in West Coast markets. However, he is best known for his nationally syndicated talk show, The Tom Leykis Show, which aired Monday through Saturday and was syndicated throughout the United States by CBS Radio. The show ended on Los Angeles' KLSX on Friday, February 20, 2009. The show is scheduled to return to the air on April 2, 2012.

The latter show followed the Hot Talk format, which brought Leykis much success.[6] Due to the nature of the show, Leykis has been described as a shock jock by many.[3][7][8][9][10] The show's best-known feature was "Leykis 101," in which he purported to teach men "how to get laid" while expending the least amount of time, money, and effort. This part of his persona led some critics to charge Leykis with misogyny.[11]

Contents

Early life

Tom Leykis was born August 1, 1956, at a time when his parents, Harry and Laura (née O'Mara),[12] lived in the Bronx.[13] Leykis spent his early childhood in The Bronx,[14] New York City,[15] New York and he has two sisters, Terry and Anne, and a brother, Jim. His father was a union leader at The New York Post.[2][3][16] At a point in Leykis' childhood, he moved with his family to Selden, Long Island, where he completed high school and graduated at 16[3] from Newfield High School. He then moved away from the family home to study broadcasting at Fordham University but dropped out due to a lack of finances.[17]

Career

Leykis began his radio career in the state of New York. At the age of 14, he was once a fill-in host for WBAB[17] later working in 1979 for Mark Simone's WPIX talk show comedy titled The Simone Phone where he was featured as the host's sidekick.[18][19] In the mid-1970s Leykis hosted one of the first public access tv shows on Long Island's Cablevision system, "The Graffiti Hour," a call-in program. Leykis eventually left WPIX, later went to WBAI leaving in the fall of 1981 to go to Albany to work at WQBK-AM.[19][20] Leykis also contributed to a show called The Phonebooth in WABC that ended in 1981.[21] After his departure from WABC, Leykis was offered a full-time radio hosting job in Staunton, Virginia.[14][17]

On Monday, February 27, 1984, the Tom Leykis Show aired on WNWS in Miami to replace the WNWS night show hosted by talk radio personality Neil Rogers.[22] Rogers, who had previously signed conflicting employment contracts with both WNWS (790 AM) and WINZ (940 AM), had just won permission from a Miami court to take his act to WINZ and hoped leaving WNWS would be devastating to Leykis' program.[22] Rogers and Leykis became rivals and, in June 1984, just after Denver radio talk show host Alan Berg was assassinated, Leykis told listeners Neil Rogers' real name and urged callers to harass his on-air rival.[23] By January 1985, Leykis had the top-ranking evening talk show in the market.[24] In September 1985, Leykis abruptly left his WNWS job over concern about the pending WNWS-WGBS merger and began work at Phoenix's KFYI-AM.[25]

As program director at KFYI, Leykis constructed a politically well-rounded host lineup inserting himself as a "left leaning libertarian" in the afternoons.[26] Leykis was known for his method of gathering new callers for the station by provoking rival station KTAR.[27] In 1987, Leykis abruptly left KFYI because of differences with station management that still have a shroud of secrecy surrounding the details. To this day, KFYI hosts are prohibited from discussing the details of Leykis' departure from the station.[26][27][28] While still in Phoenix, Leykis also had a local Public-access television show called Backstage Pass.[29]

After leaving Phoenix, Leykis moved on to Los Angeles to work for KFI, where he hosted a talk-radio program from 1988 to 1992,[30] as a liberal counterpart to Rush Limbaugh.[14] During this time, KFI was hit with a $6,000 Federal Communications Commission (FCC) indecency fine over Leykis' on-air comments; however, the fine was paid in full from contributions by listeners.[10][31] During Leykis' tenure at KFI, KFI host Geoff Edwards was suspended and then resigned over an incident related to steamrolling a massive collection of Cat Stevens' work sent in by listeners, which was motivated by Leykis' denouncement of Cat Stevens' comments about Salman Rushdie. A local Nazi historian likened the stunt as being reminiscent of a Nazi book burning.[32][33]

On September 29, 1992, KFI management dismissed Leykis with only an hour's notice, based on what Leykis claims they called "a business decision"; KFI assumed the obligation of pay him his contracted salary, estimated at $400,000 per year, for the remaining six months of his contract.[28]

Leykis next moved on to Boston and WRKO.[34] He later left the Boston for a new job in Los Angeles after a publicized domestic disturbance with then-wife Susan at the end of 1993. In March 1994, pretrial probation was granted and the charges stemming from that assault were dropped in exchange for his attendance in a program for batterers.[35]

In 1994, Leykis began the nationally syndicated program, The Tom Leykis Show on Westwood One from Culver City, California. The final years of the show were produced from Paramount Pictures studios in Hollywood.[5][14][36]

Leykis' started the Internet radio station New Normal Music in July 2010.[37]

The Tom Leykis Show

The Tom Leykis Show
Genre Hot talk
Running time 5 hours (including commercials, 1st hour rebroadcast in final hour)
Country United States United States
Home station KLSX
Starring Tom Leykis
Announcer Joe Cipriano
Creators Tom Leykis
Producers Gary Zabransky
Dean J. "Dino" DeMilio
Air dates 1994 to February 20th, 2009
Opening theme "Enter Sandman" by Metallica
Website BlowMeUpTom.com
Podcast The Tom Leykis Show podcast

History

The Tom Leykis Show began in 1994 broadcasting from Los Angeles. Originally the show was often political in nature, a fact Leykis highlighted at the start of every episode by proclaiming his show the only radio talk show that is "not hosted by a right-wing wacko or a convicted felon", (in reference to Rush Limbaugh and G. Gordon Liddy, respectively). In addition to politics, the host commonly discussed relationships, religion (Leykis is an atheist[38]), and other issues. On Fridays, listeners were allowed to call in and talk about anything they wanted, in contrast to other days when Leykis established a single topic for each hour of the show.

Friday was also the usual day for live appearances in cities around the U.S., when Leykis would broadcast from a bar or other public place with an audience present. The free-for-all subject matter and large crowds led to a rowdy atmosphere on Friday shows, and it was in this context that "Flash Fridays" began.

In 1997, Leykis's show was picked up by KLSX, an FM talk station in Los Angeles that also carried The Howard Stern Show. The station became the flagship for the show and Leykis began to tone down the political aspect of the show around this time, and started the "Leykis 101" segment soon after.

In addition to his weekday show, Leykis began hosting a new syndicated weekend show called The Tasting Room in February 2005, covering lifestyle topics such as wine and spirits, luxury cars, and high-end technology.

With the departure of Howard Stern to satellite radio in January 2006 KLSX became known on-air as "97.1 Free FM"--so-called to highlight that its stations broadcast free-to-air, funded by commercials, whereas satellite radio requires a subscription fee. The station was produced by CBS Radio as part of its Free FM format and the Tom Leykis Show was broadcast in a number of affiliate markets nationwide including but not limited to Portland, Dallas, Seattle, Phoenix, Las Vegas as well as multiple California markets in addition to its Los Angeles flagship such as San Diego and San Francisco.

On February 20, 2009, KLSX changed its format to Top 40 (CHR) under economic pressures, and the Tom Leykis Show aired its final broadcast. The show was broadcast Monday through Friday, 3:00 PM to 8:00 PM PT from Paramount Studios[39] and 2:00 PM to 6:00 PM Saturdays in Hollywood, California and was heard in a number of major metropolitan markets on the West Coast of the United States.

It was produced by Gary Zabransky along with associate producer Dean "Dino" DeMilio, and engineered by Art Webb.[40]

Format

The cornerstone of the program was the Thursday broadcast of "Leykis 101", in which the program is set up as an ad hoc lecture and question and answer session, over which Leykis presided as a self-styled "professor". The subject of the "101" segments were how men can spend less money on women, while achieving greater sexual success.[14][41] Along with general information on life for young men, advice mostly consisted of his principles of looking out for yourself and that the institution of marriage is flawed and biased against men. He constantly recommended that young men attend some form of higher education and not be distracted by relationships or marry at a young age as he did. The intent of his advice was to replace the father figure which many men lack, inspiring many callers to address Leykis as "Dad". He also denounced what in his words is a corrupt and broken child support system that does not require DNA tests and has forced men to pay money to women who lied before a judge for children these men did not father.[42]

Features

A popular and long-running feature of the show was "Flash Friday" in which men were encouraged to drive with their headlights on and women were encouraged to expose their breasts to such vehicles.[2][43] The feature began as a one-time bit; while on the air, Leykis recalled a radio host he listened to as a child, who asked his listeners in New York apartments to flash their lights on and off and then to look outside to see how many neighbors were doing the same, as a way to gauge the audience size. Leykis asked his listeners to do the same with their car headlights, and a few minutes later, jokingly suggested that women flash their breasts. A listener called in to report that he saw a woman flashing fellow drivers, and it became a regular feature of the show.[44] Both women and men commonly called during the Friday broadcast to alert other listeners as to their location, and to recount stories of flashing or being flashed, respectively.[45] When Flash Friday began, cars with daytime running lights were relatively rare, and Leykis was able to comment that a few cars have daytime running lights, but they're mostly driven by old people, so before you flash someone whose lights are on, you should make sure it's not an old person's car driven by an old person.

The show also used sound clips which callers generally requested after long conversations. Callers made requests to be "taken out" in some style, such as, "could you take me out with a bong hit?" or "take me out Kobe style," meaning for a specific desired sound effect or audio to be played to end the call.[4] The practice of "taking people out" with use of a sound clip dates back to the early days of the show, when Leykis was working at a small radio station in Albany, New York. Leykis would dispose of undesirable or tiresome callers by playing a cart [i.e., a Fidelipac audio tape cartridge] with the sound of a toilet flushing while hanging up on them (i.e. "flushing the caller"). The station manager found this offensive, and when Leykis refused to stop, removed the cart from the studio. Leykis retaliated by re-recording the sound on another cart that he purposely mis-labeled as "dog barking", and continued to play it. The station manager became frustrated and began harassing the host about it, so Leykis began "blowing callers up" instead (i.e. playing an explosion sound effect).

After some time the practice became such a commonplace one that as callers ended their on-air conversation with Leykis they began asking for the sound clip to be played as they hung up by saying "Blow me up, Tom." This phrase in turn became so popular it was soon synonymous with The Tom Leykis Show and its host. It has ever since been used on all sorts of Leykis merchandise, is the name of his official website and was used as the title of a 2001 documentary film about the host and his show.[44]

Over the years, as more and more sound clips were brought into use, the explosion sound saw less air time and eventually became referred to simply by the phrase "old school"--and the original toilet flush clip in turn became "old- old school," terms both used whenever callers wished to be "taken out" with those sound effects.

Notable occurrences

Law suits

In July 1998, Tom Leykis and the production company Westwood One were sued by Karen Carpenter of Juneau, Alaska. She claimed to have suffered post-traumatic stress from disparaging and sexual comments Leykis made about her on the air.[46][47][48] Leykis has stated on air he was in court due to the suit for a decent length of the winter of 2002.

On June 25, 2003, Marty Ingels, a voice actor, called into Leykis' show and tried to challenge him on moral grounds. Ingels, who was much older than the typical caller to Leykis's show, was subjected to some rude remarks by the call screener who said that he was too old and shouldn't be on the air. But the call did get put through, at which point, Leykis too began to insult Ingels, adding that "you're not just older than my demographic, you're the grandfather of my demographic".[49] Leykis explained that he didn't want older callers because he was selling advertising to the younger demographic, stuff that usually didn't sell to people Ingels' age. Ingels sued the show for age discrimination.[49]

Ingels's first lawsuit got dismissed, by an anti-SLAPP statute (CCP S 425.16) that protected against lawsuits that protects first amendment rights and another judge claimed that the show had the right to control its content. Further, it was noted that Ingels couldn't really complain he was discriminated against because his call was in fact put on the air.[49][50]

As for Ingels, the actor was ordered to pay $25,000 in attorney's fees.[49][51]

On-air murder confession

Another widely publicized event took place in November 2006 when a listener from Phoenix, Arizona called the show and confessed to shooting the father of her child when he refused to pay child support. Leykis denied allegations that the call was part of a hoax set up by the show, and producers turned over any information they had to local police.[52] The caller, a nurse, who went by her middle name, Sue, said that she shot the man in the heart with a 9 mm because she "knew how to aim for it", and made the shooting look like a suicide.[53] About a month later, former talk show host Geraldo Rivera asked Leykis about the incident on his Geraldo at Large syndicated television program.[54] Geraldo: "So what was your first reaction when you got this call?" Leykis: "I was shocked. You know, people call talk shows and say all kinds of things, but they never confess to murder."[54] On August 7, 2008, an officer involved in the investigation was interviewed by Tom on the air. The evidence was presented to the Maricopa County Attorney’s Office and charges are being sought against Megan Suzanne Vice of El Mirage, who police name as their suspect in the case.[55] In 2009, it was revealed that the woman would not be prosecuted due to a lack of evidence, because in the state of Arizona, evidence in suicides is destroyed after five years.[56][57][not in citation given]

Talkers Magazine analyzing Arbitron data show that Leykis has an estimated listening minimum weekly cume of over 1.75 million for Spring 2007 based on a national sample.[58]

Cease and desist order

In the fall of 2006, the show relocated to a new broadcast studio on the Paramount Pictures lot in Hollywood. As of July 23, 2007, Leykis has been prohibited from including the name of the film studio as a part of his pre-taped intro sequence. According to Leykis, Paramount Pictures contacted CBS Radio and objected to having the studio linked to the show.

Originally, when beginning the day's broadcast or returning from a commercial break at the start of a new hour, the announcer would introduce the show's studio and location ("From Paramount Studios in Hollywood, it's the Tom Leykis Show.") Since the "cease and desist" order from Paramount, the new introduction announces the broadcast location in many different ways, satirizing the situation. Some versions replace the words "Paramount Studios" with "the back of the backlot at a movie studio" or "soidutS tnuomaraP" (Paramount Studios, spoken in reverse), and even more simply "a secret location" or the common audio "bleep" normally used for removing expletives.

Naming names

In 2003, Leykis raised controversy by revealing the name of Katelyn Faber,[15][59][60][61] the accuser in the Kobe Bryant sexual assault case.[9][62] Other media outlets elected to reveal details of the alleged victim such as race and masked photographs while excluding her name, as was the standard practice at that time,[63][64] raising privacy questions.[65]

Major media outlets generally and voluntarily withhold names like these due to their adherence to journalism ethics and standards. The policy in practice only applies to alleged victims however, allowing for the release of names of alleged offenders, a policy Leykis disagrees with, and does not follow as he regularly states he is "not a journalist". Leykis contends that either all names in a case (the alleged offender(s) and the alleged accuser) should be protected or all should be public.

The radio show host has caused considerable controversy over the years for his practice of identifying such notorious individuals by name on-air. Other such individuals he has named include:

Ratings

For early 2008, Leykis had announced radio ratings at various angles. Among the 81 radio stations in Southern California the show was #9 overall, #6 in English stations, and #1 for time spent listening. Among men ages 18+, adults ages 18–34, and "the money demo" ages 25–54, the show was #1 in time spent listening with an average of over 4 hours per week, in addition to being #1 in share for men aged 18+.[74]

Show end

The Tom Leykis Show had its last regular broadcast on Friday, February 20, 2009, and ended at 5 p.m., the middle of its usual time slot. Leykis took calls until the last five minutes. At that point, the host mentioned that people had asked him how he was going to end the show. Saying, "Let's tell the truth", Leykis commented that he knew since the previous summer that it was possible the flagship station (KLSX, which originated the broadcast of the show) would switch format. Saying he "tossed and turned", he thought about it and asked himself: "What could I say that would wrap this all up? And then I one day heard this song...and I realized--the lyrics of this song...are about me."

With that Leykis rolled into Joe Jackson's "I'm the Man" (the title track of Jackson's 1979 album). By the time the song was over, the studio was filled with people—as could be seen by the live online video broadcast on the station website. The host thanked his producers, the program director, the crowd in the studio, and everyone in southern California who made it "12 great years" and finished with "Let's do this thing one more time..." The crowd yelled "Blow me up, Tom" one last time to end the show and mark the end of KLSX as "The FM Talk Station" in what coincidentally became a strikingly appropriate catch phrase to be had: The phrase "blow up the station" is a radio term for ending a particular format or station run. After a much longer than usual explosion sound effect, the crowd cheered and KLSX changed format from hot talk to CHR/Top 40.[75]

Leykis's weekend show, The Tasting Room, continues, mostly on such West Coast stations as KGIL in Los Angeles, California and KFBK in Sacramento, California.

Return

Leykis' podcast network The New Normal Network mentions that the show will return on April 2, 2012 - one day after his current CBS contract ends.[76]

Personal life

Leykis is currently single and has no children. He is an atheist, although reared as a Catholic. He has been married and divorced four times, which he unabashedly proclaims on-air regularly. Leykis has also boasted that he has paid for at least three abortions.[7]

His second marriage was to television reporter Christina Gonzalez, who was caught cheating after Leykis investigated some hotel receipts he found.[3] Another marriage, which lasted one year, was with a Seattle woman in 1989,[15] who was a listener of his show.[3]

His fourth wife, Susan Drew Leykis, who first met Leykis at a Los Angeles Kings game,[3] filed a police report against him while they were married and living in Boston in 1993. On December 22 of that year, she alleged that Leykis assaulted and threatened to kill her during a fight after they returned home from a radio station Christmas party. He was subsequently charged with "felony assault and battery and threatening to commit a crime"; a police officer found bruises and scratches on the woman.[8] In March 1994, Leykis was sentenced to a year of probation and ordered to attend a domestic violence class. He completed both, and the charges were dropped, although Leykis did not admit guilt as part of the agreement. The couple have since divorced.[8]

In August 2004, Leykis was attacked outside a Seattle bar and all-night diner, The 5 Point Cafe. In the assault, he was kicked in the face and knocked down to the ground, causing him to require 17 stitches over one eye, and leaving him with scratches and bruises on his knees. The assailant reportedly had an accomplice who accused Leykis of calling him a name and hanging up on him when he called the show. The suspects left by taxi prior to police arriving on scene and have yet to be apprehended.[67]

Notes

  1. ^ a b c "CRIMINAL COMPLAINT". The Smoking Gun & Boston Municipal Court. 1993-12-23. http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/leykis4.html. Retrieved 2008-02-29. 
  2. ^ a b c "NewsMax's 25 Most Influential Talk Radio Hosts -". NewsMax.com. http://w3.newsmax.com/talkradio/detail.cfm?id=25. Retrieved 2008-02-13. 
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Rahner, Mark (2000-08-13). "Churning up the radio". The Seattle Times. http://archives.seattletimes.nwsource.com/cgi-bin/texis.cgi/web/vortex/display?slug=4036560&date=20000813&query=tom+leykis. Retrieved 2008-02-13. 
  4. ^ a b Clawson, Michael (2006-07-30). "Tom Leykis: Susan B. Anthony with a Penis". Sylk Magazine. http://www.sylkmagazine.com/sylknews/index.php?subaction=showfull&id=1154241101&archive=&start_from=&ucat=12&. Retrieved 2008-02-12. [dead link]
  5. ^ a b Lippman, John (1998-10-29). "High-Frequency, Low-Brow Chatter Starts to Take Over the FM Airwaves". The Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB909620850777188000.html?mod=googlewsj. Retrieved 2008-02-20. 
  6. ^ "Heavy Hundred 2008". Talkers Magazine. http://www.talkers.com/main/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=19&Itemid=44. Retrieved 2008-03-01. 
  7. ^ a b Dotinga, Randy. "Who needs a year in review when there's Leykis?". North County Times. http://www.nctimes.com/articles/2005/12/28/entertainment/radio/14_50_0812_28_05.txt. Retrieved 2008-02-15. 
  8. ^ a b c "The Smoking Gun: Archive". The Smoking Gun. http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/leykis1.html. Retrieved 2008-02-14. 
  9. ^ a b Castro, Hector (2004-08-26). "Tom Leykis hurt in late-night Belltown assault". Seattle Post-Intelligencer. http://www.seattlepi.com/local/187983_leykis26.html. Retrieved 2008-02-12. 
  10. ^ a b Ahrens, Frank. "FCC Indecency Fines, 1970-2004". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/business/graphics/web-fcc970.html. Retrieved 2008-02-16. 
  11. ^ Baker, Bob (2002-10-18). "The mouth of misogyny". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2002/oct/18/entertainment/et-baker18. Retrieved 2010-11-19. 
  12. ^ Newsday (November 24, 1998) Obituaries: Laura G. (nee O'Mara) Leykis Section: News; Page A60.
  13. ^ New York Daily News (October 9, 1995) Obituary: Harry Leykis Section: News; Page 28.
  14. ^ a b c d e Baker, Bob (2002-11-17). "Rehab III: The Profile". Archived from the original on 2007-10-07. http://web.archive.org/web/20071007023513/http://www.newsthinking.com/story.cfm?SID=159. Retrieved 2008-02-12. 
  15. ^ a b c d e f Jasmin, Ernest (2005-09-26). "Gregarious guru just for guys". The News Tribune. http://dwb.thenewstribune.com/soundlife/story/5208008p-4733089c.html. Retrieved 2008-02-13. 
  16. ^ "Harry Leykis, Union Leader, 63". The New York Times. 1995-10-10. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=990CE4DD123EF933A25753C1A963958260. Retrieved 2008-02-13. 
  17. ^ a b c Singer, Alan (1994-12-16). "KNWZ invites Tom Leykis to Valley". The Public Record. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3656/is_199412/ai_n8713652. Retrieved 2008-02-13. 
  18. ^ "HISTORY". CD101.9. Archived from the original on 2008-02-08. http://web.archive.org/web/20080208160933/http://www.cd1019.com/site_20/history.aspx. Retrieved 2008-02-21. 
  19. ^ a b Sullivan, Kat. "Welcome To The KatHouse". http://katradio9.com/Kat/Kat.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  20. ^ Tom "Tai" Irwin. "Radio Dialing for Dollars". http://www.tairadio.com/btm.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-29. 
  21. ^ Hoffman, Howard. "The Howard Hoffman Collection". REELRADIO. http://www.reelradio.com/hh/index.html. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  22. ^ a b Fisher, Marc. (February 29, 1984) Miami Herald Acerbic radio star allowed to take act to other station. Section: Local; Page 1D.
  23. ^ Lacayo, Richard (1984-07-09). "Audiences Love to Hate Them". Time Magazine. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,950118,00.html. Retrieved 2008-02-19. 
  24. ^ Thornton, Linda R. (January 19, 1985) Miami Herald Every group has its own taste in radio stations. Section: Comics/TV; Page 4C.
  25. ^ Thornton, Linda R. (September 13, 1985) Miami Herald Missing WNWS Host found - on the air in Arizona. Section; Comics/TV; Page 10C.
  26. ^ a b Ortega, Tony (1997-05-08). "Beware of the Dogma - When KFYI radio host John Dayl spews mindless hate, David Winkler listens". Phoenix New Times. http://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/1997-05-08/news/beware-of-the-dogma/full. Retrieved 2008-02-18. 
  27. ^ a b Fitzpatrick, Tom (1989-03-15). "Blabber Mouths and Radio Egos". Phoenix New Times. http://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/1989-03-15/news/blabber-mouths-and-radio-egos/full. Retrieved 2008-02-18. 
  28. ^ a b Walker, Dave (1992-10-21). "DARYL GATES' AIR PIRACY - EX-VALLEY RADIO HOST TOM LEYKIS LOSES HIS L.A. TALK SHOW TO THE CHIEF". Phoenix New Times. http://search.phoenixnewtimes.com/1992-10-21/news/daryl-gates-air-piracy/. Retrieved 2008-02-17. 
  29. ^ Samuel, Joel (2007-03-17). "Tom Leykis & Michael Finney bsp". YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Thha9R6kSI4&feature=related. Retrieved 2008-02-22. 
  30. ^ Lycan, Gary (2006-07-02). "Radio: Stations get in holiday mood with July 4 programming". The Orange County Register. http://www.ocregister.com/ocregister/entertainment/atoz/article_1199227.php. Retrieved 2008-02-16. 
  31. ^ McDougal, Dennis; Puig, Claudia (1989-10-28). "Leykis Leads Counterattack Against FCC Fines Radio: KFI afternoon drive-time personality says he'll probably dedicate several shows to indecency issue.". The Los Angeles Times. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/66585593.html?dids=66585593:66585593&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Oct+28%2C+1989&author=DENNIS+McDOUGAL%3B+CLAUDIA+PUIG&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=Leykis+Leads+Counterattack+Against+FCC+Fines+Radio%3A+KFI+afternoon+drive-time+personality+says+he'll+probably+dedicate+several+shows+to+indecency+issue.&pqatl=google. Retrieved 2008-02-23. 
  32. ^ Zoglin, Richard (1989-05-15). "Bugle Boys Of the Airwaves". Time Magazine. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,957653-1,00.html. Retrieved 2008-02-16. 
  33. ^ Stevenson, Richard W. (1989-03-08). "Los Angeles Journal; Books, Then Records; Flames Climb Higher". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DE7DC1538F93BA35750C0A96F948260. Retrieved 2008-02-16. 
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