Socorro, New Mexico

:"Socorro" redirects here. For other uses, see Socorro (disambiguation)."Infobox Settlement
official_name = Socorro, New Mexico
settlement_type = City
nickname =
motto =

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mapsize = 250px
map_caption = Location of Socorro, New Mexico


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subdivision_type = Country
subdivision_name = United States
subdivision_type1 = State
subdivision_name1 = New Mexico
subdivision_type2 = County
subdivision_name2 = Socorro
government_footnotes =
government_type =
leader_title =
leader_name =
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established_date =

unit_pref = Imperial
area_footnotes =
area_magnitude =
area_total_km2 = 37.4
area_land_km2 = 37.3
area_water_km2 = 0.1
area_total_sq_mi = 14.4
area_land_sq_mi = 14.4
area_water_sq_mi = 0.0

population_as_of = 2000
population_footnotes =
population_total = 8877
population_density_km2 = 237.8
population_density_sq_mi = 615.8

timezone = Mountain (MST)
utc_offset = -7
timezone_DST = MDT
utc_offset_DST = -6
elevation_footnotes =
elevation_m = 1403
elevation_ft = 4603
latd = 34 |latm = 3 |lats = 42 |latNS = N
longd = 106 |longm = 53 |longs = 58 |longEW = W

postal_code_type = ZIP code
postal_code = 87801
area_code = 575 and 505 (until October 2008)
blank_name = FIPS code
blank_info = 35-73540
blank1_name = GNIS feature ID
blank1_info = 0938832
website =
footnotes =

Socorro is a city in Socorro County in the U.S. state of New Mexico. It stands in the Rio Grande Valley, at an elevation of 4579 feet (1396 m). The population was 8,879 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Socorro CountyGR|6.

History

The Founding of Socorro

In June 1598, Juan de Oñate led a group of Spanish settlers through the Jornada del Muerto, an inhospitable patch of desert that ends just south of the present day city of Socorro. As the Spaniards emerged from the desert, Piro Indians of the pueblo of Teypana gave the Spaniards food and water. Therefore, the Spaniards renamed this pueblo Socorro, which means "help" or "aid." Later, the name "Socorro" would be applied to the nearby Piro pueblo of Pilabó. [Marshal, Michael P. & Walt, Henry J., “Rio Abajo: Prehistory and History of a Rio Grande Province” (Santa Fe: New Mexico Historical Preservation Program, 1984), p 248]

Nuestra Señora de Socorro , the first Catholic mission in the area, was probably established c. 1626. Fray Augustin de Ventancurt would later write that around 600 people lived in the area during this period. [Marshal & Walt, “Rio Abajo”, p 248.]

During the Pueblo Revolt of 1680, Spanish refugees stopped in the pueblo of Socorro. A number of Piro Indians followed the Spaniards as they left the province to go south to safety. With no protection of Spanish troops, Socorro was destroyed and the remaining Piro were killed by the Apache and other tribes. [Marshal & Walt, “Rio Abajo”, p 248-249 .]

The Spanish did not initially resettle Socorro when they re-conquered New Mexico. Other than El Paso, there were no Spanish settlements south of Sabinal (which is approximately convert|30|mi|km north of Socorro) until the 1800s. [Marshal & Walt, “Rio Abajo”, p 280.] In 1800, governor Fernando Chacon gave the order to resettle Socorro and other villages in the area. However, Socorro was not resettled until about 1815. [Marshal & Walt, “Rio Abajo”, p 285.] In 1817, 70 Belen residents petitioned the crown for land in Socorro. [ Ramirez Alief, Teresa, et al., eds. “New Mexico Census of 1833 and 1845: Socorro and Surrounding Communities of the Rio Abajo.” (Albuquerque: New Mexico Genealogical Society, Inc., 1994.) p.xiii.] The 1833 Socorro census lists over 400 residents, with a total of 1,774 people living within the vicinity of the village. [ Ramirez Alief, Teresa, et al., “New Mexico Census: Socorro” pp. 2-10; 32]

The mission of San Miguel de Socorro was established soon after Socorro was resettled. The church was built on the ruins of the old Nuestra Señora de Socorro. [Marshal & Walt, “Rio Abajo”, p 249.]

Territorial Period

In August 1846, during the Mexican American War, New Mexico was occupied by the American Army. In Las Vegas, New Mexico, Colonel Stephen W. Kearny proclaimed New Mexico's independence from Mexico. On their way to begin their assault on Mexico, American troops stopped in Socorro. A British Officer Lt. George Ruxton commented that these soldiers were "unwashed and unshaven, were ragged and dirty, without uniforms..." and were lacking in discipline. [Ashcroft, Bruce, "The Territorial History of Socorro, New Mexico", (El Paso: University of Texas at El Paso, 1988), pp.4-5]

In September 1850, New Mexico became a territory of the United States. At the time, New Mexico encompassed what is now known as the states of New Mexico and Arizona. In 1850, the population of Socorro was only 543 people. This included 100 American soldiers who were soon moved to Valverde. [Ashcroft, "The Territorial History of Socorro", p. 6]

The first military post built near Socorro was Fort Conrad, convert|30|mi|km south of the town. Built in August 1851, the fort was badly constructed and was abandoned for Fort Craig, located a few miles away. Fort Craig was first occupied on March 31, 1854. [Marshal and Walt, "Rio Abajo", p. 273]

Geography and Geology

Socorro is located at coor dms|34|3|42|N|106|53|58|W|city (34.061759, -106.899424)GR|1, convert|75|mi|km south of Albuquerque, at an average elevation of convert|4605|ft|m. The town lies adjacent to the Rio Grande in a landscape dominated by the Rio Grande Rift and numerous extinct volcanos. The immediate region encompasses approximately convert|6000|ft|m of vertical relief between the Rio Grande and the Magdalena Mountains. Notable nearby locales include the Cibola National Forest, the BLM Quebradas Scenic Backcountry Byway, and the Bosque del Apache and Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuges. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 14.4 square miles (37.4 km²), of which, 14.4 square miles (37.3 km²) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km²) of it (0.21%) is water.

Demographics

As of the censusGR|2 of 2000, there were 8,877 people, 3,415 households, and 2,151 families residing in the city. The population density was 615.8 people per square mile (237.9/km²). There were 3,940 housing units at an average density of 273.3/sq mi (105.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 66.16% White, 0.74% African American, 2.77% Native American, 2.24% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 23.24% from other races, and 4.79% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 54.50% of the population.

There were 3,415 households out of which 31.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.5% were married couples living together, 14.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.0% were non-families. 29.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.44 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the city the population was spread out with 25.4% under the age of 18, 16.9% from 18 to 24, 25.7% from 25 to 44, 20.4% from 45 to 64, and 11.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females there were 106.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 106.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $22,530, and the median income for a family was $33,013. Males had a median income of $31,517 versus $23,071 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,250. About 24.1% of families and 32.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 44.4% of those under age 18 and 23.6% of those age 65 or over.

The languages spoken at home were 62.41% English, 35.64% Spanish, 0.90% Chinese, 0.76% German, and 0.36% Navajo. [http://www.mla.org/map_data_results&state_id=35&county_id=&mode=&zip=&place_id=73540&cty_id=&ll=&a=&ea=&order=r MLA Data Center] , retrieved 10-21-07]

Notable people

*Willard Hughes Rollings (1948-2008), historian of Native Americans

New Mexico Tech

Socorro is home to the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology (New Mexico Tech), a state undergraduate and graduate (Ph.D. granting) university specializing in science and engineering. New Mexico Tech hosts a number of major research centers, such as the Energetic Materials Research and Testing Center, the IRIS Consortium Program for Array Seismic Studies of the Continental Lithosphere (PASSCAL) Instrument Center, the New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, and the Magdalena Ridge Observatory. Also located on the campus is the NRAO (National Radio Astronomy Observatory) Array Operations Center, the headquarters for the Very Large Array and Very Long Baseline Array radiotelescopes. The Very Large Array itself is located west of Socorro, between Magdalena and Datil. The University of Texas at El Paso annually holds their summer football training camp at Tech Field. Tech is also host to the New Mexico Science Olympiad and New Mexico Science and Engineering Fair state competitions.

ocorro High School

Socorro has one public city-named high school in Class 1A/3A with a student body of about 600. The mascot is an Indian Warrior and the school colors are blue and white. School sports include Golf (B/G), Soccer (B/G), Track (B/G), Football (B), Baseball/Softball (B/G), Cheerleading (B/G), Charisma Dance (B/G), Swimming (B/G), Volleyball (G), and Basketball (B/G).

Zamora UFO Incident

Socorro is famous as the site of a well-publicized UFO incident. On April 24, 1964 Lonnie Zamora, a local policeman, was chasing a speeder on Socorro's outskirts when he claimed he saw a bright flash and heard a loud roar coming from over a nearby hill. Believing that the noise may have come from the explosion of a dynamite shack, Zamora drove over the hill. He claimed he saw a metallic, oval-shaped object with a strange symbol on it. He also claimed to see two "small men" in what looked like "white coveralls" walking around outside the craft. When they saw Zamora, the "men" boarded the craft and it took off with a loud roar and flame that shook Zamora's patrol car.("The UFO Book", ppgs.545-546)

Zamora called for help on his radio. Sergeant M.S. Chavez of the New Mexico State Police soon arrived on the scene. Chavez later said that Zamora looked "terrified", that some nearby bushes had been badly burned, and that strange scoop marks were in the ground. Project Blue Book, the US Air Force's official study of the UFO mystery, sent investigators to Socorro. They interviewed Zamora and Chavez, and also checked the supposed landing site. Project Blue Book's supervisor, Captain Hector Quintanilla, later wrote that "there is no doubt that Lonnie Zamora saw an object which left quite an impression on him. There is no question about Zamora's reliability." ("UFO Book", p.554) However, two prominent UFO skeptics both offered various explanations for Zamora's sighting. Dr. Donald Menzel offered two explanations: that Zamora had been the victim of an elaborate prank by local teenagers, or that Zamora had actually seen a dust devil. Philip Klass, the editor of "Aviation Week" magazine, would claim that Zamora and Socorro's then-mayor had hoaxed the event to bring tourists to Socorro. UFO researchers have disputed each of these explanations. ("UFO Book", p.555)

Media Sightings

Socorro was mentioned in the 1974 movie "Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore," though in a somewhat derogatory sense, as Ellen Burstyn's character decided to leave the town for Tucson. The aftermath scene of Bustyn's character's husband's fatal accident at the beginning of the film, although implied as being in Socorro, was actually filmed in Tucson.

The 1971 Roger Corman movie Gas-s-s-s was filmed in and around Socorro, including a hilarious scene using the New Mexico Tech golf carts.

The actress Jodie Foster stayed in Socorro while filming the movie "Contact" at the Very Large Array fifty miles west of the city.

Elfego Baca Golf Shoot

The Elfego Baca Golf Shoot is named after a former mayor of Socorro who survived a gun battle near what is now Reserve, New Mexico involving over 4,000 bullets that were fired over the course of 36 hours. Teeing off from Socorro Peak, also known as M Mountain, at an altitude of convert|7243|ft|m, golfers proceed down the side of the mountain some 2,550 vertical feet to the one hole almost three miles (5 km) away. Surviving rattlesnakes, gnats, cacti, treacherous terrain and the New Mexican sun and heat, golfers have a chance at winning the title to what is considered one of the two most difficult golf courses in the world.

Mike Stanley, an employee of the [http://www.emrtc.nmt.edu/ EMRTC] , has won or tied for the win a record 18 times in the history of the shoot which dates back to 1960.

Points of interest

* New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology
* San Miguel de Socorro - The San Miguel Mission
* Very Large Array (50 miles)
* Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge
* [http://www.newmexico.org/place/loc/bymap/page/DB-place/category/158/place/722.html Quebradas Region]
* [http://www.caminorealheritage.org/ El Camino Real Heritage Center]
* [http://geoinfo.nmt.edu/museum/ New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Mineralogical Museum]
* [http://www.fs.fed.us/r3/cibola/districts/magdalena.shtml Cibola National Forest, Magdalena District]
* [http://www.nm.blm.gov/recreation/socorro/san_lorenzo_canyon_rec_area.htm San Lorenzo Canyon (hiking)]
* [http://www.socorro.com/fattire/place017.html Box Canyon (climbing, hiking, mt. biking)]
* [http://www.geocities.com/yosemite/trails/9507/tower.htm Enchanted Tower (climbing)]
*Beach Barn (playing video games)

Arts and Music

Socorro is home to many artists and musicians. Local artists include: [http://epoulinalvarez.com/ Liz Poulin Alvarez] , Karyn DeBont, [http://www.gegrey.com/ G.E. Grey] , [http://www.figalleries.com/ Sharon Fullingim, Natasha Isenhour, Skeeter Leard, Margi Lucena] , and Jan Thomas. There are also frequent [http://www.socorro-nm.com/arts.htm gallery exhibitions and studio events in Socorro] . Notable musicians include: [http://www.withoutadroughtsocorro.com/ J.C. Campbell] , Johnny Dean, [http://www.withoutadroughtsocorro.com/ Jeanne Dixon] , [http://www.huckabyjunction.com/ Mariam Funke] , [http://www.withoutadroughtsocorro.com/ Bill Giebitz] , Toby Jaramillo, Ronna Kalish, [http://www.huckabyjunction.com/ Terry Kincaid] , Rob Long, Carlos Marerro, Marian Royal, [http://www.withoutadroughtsocorro.com/ Jim Ruff] , and many others. Live music is played weekly at local bars and restaurants in town, particularly at the Capital Bar, [http://www.socorrosprings.com/ Socorro Springs Brew Pub] , [http://www.stagedoorgrill.net/index.html The Stage Door] , and the [http://www.socorrocoffee.com/ Manzanares Street Coffeehouse] . In addition to local performers, many musicians visit Socorro as part of New Mexico Tech's [http://www.nmtpas.org/ Performing Arts Series] .

"Steppin' Out", a bi-monthly tabloid covering fine art and cultural events in New Mexico, is published in Socorro.

An up-to-date listing of music events in and around Socorro can be found at [http://www.socorromusic.com socorromusic.com] .

Zamora UFO Reference

*"The UFO Book: Encyclopedia of the Extraterrestrial", Jerome Clark, author. Visible Ink Press, 1998. ppgs. 545-558

Footnotes

External links

* [http://www.mymountainmail.com/ Mountain Mail newspaper]
* [http://www.socorro.com/city City of Socorro]
* [http://www.socorro-nm.com/ Socorro County Chamber of Commerce]
* [http://www.socorro.com/ The Socorro NM Web]
* [http://www.nmt.edu/ New Mexico Tech]
* [http://www.emrtc.nmt.edu/ EMRTC]
* [http://www.nrao.edu/ NRAO]
* [http://www.socorro.com/fattire/index.html Socorro Mountain Biking Guide]
* [http://infohost.nmt.edu/~bob/boulder_guide/socorro_boulder_guide.html Socorro Area Bouldering Guide]
* [http://www.desertusa.com/Cities/nm/Socorro.html Socorro, NM info]
* [http://www.SONewMex.com Steppin' Out] arts tabloid