Glucagon hormone family

Pfam_box
Symbol = Hormone_2
Name =

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width =
caption = Glucagon (PDB3|1gcn)
Pfam= PF00123
InterPro= IPR000532
SMART=
Prosite = PDOC00233
SCOP = 1gcn
TCDB =
OPM family=
OPM protein= 1gcn
PDB=PDB3|1geaA:132-151 PDB3|1d0rA:98-125 PDB3|1jrjA:48-75PDB3|1kx6A:53-80 PDB3|1gcn :53-80 PDB3|1nauA:59-80PDB3|1bh0 :53-80 PDB3|1t5qA:52-79

Glucagon/GIP/secretin/VIP hormones are a family of evolutionarily related peptide hormones that regulate activity of G-protein coupled receptors from secretin receptor family.

A number of polypeptidic hormones, mainly expressed in the intestine or the pancreas, belong to a group of these structurally related peptidescite journal |author=Mutt V |title=Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and related peptides. Isolation and chemistry |journal=Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. |volume=527 |issue= |pages=1–19 |year=1988 |pmid=3133967 |doi=10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb26968.x] cite journal |author=Bataille D, Blache P, Mercier F, Jarrousse C, Kervran A, Dufour M, Mangeat P, Dubrasquet M, Mallat A, Lotersztajn S |title=Glucagon and related peptides. Molecular structure and biological specificity |journal=Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. |volume=527 |issue= |pages=168–185 |year=1988 |pmid=3291691 |doi=10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb26980.x] . Once such hormone, glucagon is widely distributed and produced in the alpha-cells of pancreatic isletscite journal |author=Conlon JM, Thim L |title=Primary structure of glucagon from an elasmobranchian fish. Torpedo marmorata |journal=Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. |volume=60 |issue=3 |pages=398–405 |year=1985 |pmid=4076759 |doi=10.1016/0016-6480(85)90073-5] . It affects glucose metabolism in the livercite journal |author=Kumar A, Lopez LC, Frazier ML, Su CJ, Saunders GF |title=Mammalian pancreatic preproglucagon contains three glucagon-related peptides |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=80 |issue=18 |pages=5485–5489 |year=1983 |pmid=6577439 |doi=10.1073/pnas.80.18.5485] by inhibiting glycogen synthesis, stimulating glycogenolysis and enchancing gluconeogenesis. It also increases mobilisation of glucose, free fatty acids and ketone bodies, which are metabolites produced in excess in diabetes mellitus. Glucagon is produced, like other peptide hormones, as part of a larger precursor (preproglucagon), which is cleaved to produce glucagon, glucagon-like protein I and glucagon-like protein IIcite journal |author=Pollock HG, Hamilton JW, Rouse JB, Ebner KE, Rawitch AB |title=Isolation of peptide hormones from the pancreas of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). Amino acid sequences of pancreatic polypeptide, oxyntomodulin, and two glucagon-like peptides |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=263 |issue=20 |pages=9746–9751 |year=1988 |pmid=3260236] . The structure of glucagon itself is fully conserved in all known mammalian species. Other members of the structurally similar group include glicentin precursor, secretin, gastric inhibitory peptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), prealbumin, peptide HI-27 and growth hormone releasing factor.

Human hormones from this family

ADCYAP1; GCG; GHRH; GIP; SCT; VIP;

References