The politics of Shanxi Province in the People's Republic of China is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in mainland China.

The Governor of Shanxi (山西省省长) is the highest ranking official in the People's Government of Shanxi. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor has less power than the Shanxi Communist Party of China Provincial Committee Secretary (山西省委书记), colloquially termed the "Shanxi CPC Party Chief".

List of Shanxi CPC Party Secretaries

Secretaries of the CPC Shanxi Committee:
#Cheng Zihua (程子华): 1949－1950
#Lai Ruoyu (赖若愚): 1950－1952
#Xie Xuegong (解学恭): 1952 (acting)
#Gao Kelin (高克林): 1952
#Tao Lujia (陶鲁笳): 1952.12－1965
#Wei Heng (卫恒): 1965－1967
#Liu Geping (刘格平): 1967－1971
#Xie Zhenhua (谢振华): 1971－1975
#Wang Qian (王谦): 197－1980
#Huo Shilian (霍士廉): 1980－1983
#Li Ligong (李立功): 1983－1991
#Wang Maolin (王茂林): 1991－1993
#Hu Fuguo (胡富国): 1993－1999
#Tian Chengping (田成平): 1999－2005
#Zhang Baoshun (张宝顺): 2005-incumbent

List of Governors of Shanxi

#Cheng Zihua (程子华): 1949－1951
#Pei Lisheng (裴丽生): 1950－1951
#Lai Ruoyu (赖若愚): 1951－1952
#Pei Lisheng (裴丽生): 1952-1956
#Wang Shiying (王世英): 1956－1958
#Wei Heng (卫恒): 1958－1965
#Wang Qian (王谦): 1965－1967
#Liu Geping (刘格平): 1967－1971
#Xie Zhenhua (谢振华): 1971－1975
#Wang Qian (王谦): 1975－1979
#Luo Guibo (罗贵波): 1979－1983
#Wang Senhao (王森浩): 1983－1992
#Hu Fuguo (胡富国): 1992－1993
#Sun Wensheng (孙文盛): 1993－1999
#Liu Zhenhua (刘振华): 1999－2004
#Zhang Baoshun (张宝顺): 2004-2005
#Yu Youjun (于幼军): 2005-2007
#Meng Xuenong (孟学农): 2007.09－2008.09
#Wang Jun (王君): 2008.09-present

List of Chairmen of Shanxi People's Congress

#Ruan Posheng (阮泊生): 1979－1988
#Wang Tingdong (王庭栋): 1988－1993
#Lu Gongxun (卢功勋): 1993－2003
#Tian Chengping (田成平): 2003－2005
#Zhang Baoshun (张宝顺): 2006－incumbent

=List of Chairmen of CPPCC Shanxi Committee=

#Tao Lujia (陶鲁笳): 1955－1965
#Wei Heng (卫恒): 1965－1967
#Wang Qian (王谦): 1977－1979
#Zheng Lin (郑林): 1979－1983
#Wu Guangtang (武光汤): 1983－1985
#Li Xiuren (李修仁): 1985－1993
#Wang Maolin (王茂林): 1993
#Hu Fuguo (胡富国): 1994－1995
#Guo Yuhuai (郭裕怀): 1995－2000
#Tian Chengping (田成平): 2000－2001
#Zheng Shekui (郑社奎): 2001－2003
#Liu Zemin (刘泽民): 2003－incumbent