Arrestin beta 2

Arrestin, beta 2, also known as ARRB2, is a human gene that codes an intracellular protein β-arrestin-2.

Members of arrestin/beta-arrestin protein family are thought to participate in agonist-mediated desensitization of G protein-coupled receptors and cause specific dampening of cellular responses to stimuli such as hormones, neurotransmitters, or sensory signals. Arrestin beta 2, like arrestin beta 1, was shown to inhibit beta-adrenergic receptor function in vitro. It is expressed at high levels in the central nervous system and may play a role in the regulation of synaptic receptors. Besides the brain, a cDNA for arrestin beta 2 was isolated from thyroid gland, and thus it may also be involved in hormone-specific desensitization of TSH receptors. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene, but the full-length nature of some variants has not been defined. [cite web | title = Entrez Gene: ARRB2 arrestin, beta 2| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=409| accessdate = ]

The protein may interact with the agonist DOI in 5-HT_2A receptor signaling.cite journal | author = Schmid CL, Raehal KM, Bohn LM | title = Agonist-directed signaling of the serotonin 2A receptor depends on beta-arrestin-2 interactions in vivo | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 105 | issue = 3 | pages = 1079–84 | year = 2008 | month = January | pmid = 18195357 | pmc = 2242710 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0708862105 | url = | issn = ] cite journal | author = Abbas A, Roth BL | title = Arresting serotonin | journal = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. | volume = 105 | issue = 3 | pages = 831–2 | year = 2008 | month = January | pmid = 18195368 | pmc = 2242676 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0711335105 | url = | issn = ]

References

Further reading

PBB_Further_reading
citations =
*cite journal | author=Lefkowitz RJ |title=G protein-coupled receptors. III. New roles for receptor kinases and beta-arrestins in receptor signaling and desensitization. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=273 |issue= 30 |pages= 18677–80 |year= 1998 |pmid= 9668034 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Attramadal H, Arriza JL, Aoki C, "et al." |title=Beta-arrestin2, a novel member of the arrestin/beta-arrestin gene family. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=267 |issue= 25 |pages= 17882–90 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1517224 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Rapoport B, Kaufman KD, Chazenbalk GD |title=Cloning of a member of the arrestin family from a human thyroid cDNA library. |journal=Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. |volume=84 |issue= 3 |pages= R39–43 |year= 1992 |pmid= 1587386 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Calabrese G, Sallese M, Stornaiuolo A, "et al." |title=Chromosome mapping of the human arrestin (SAG), beta-arrestin 2 (ARRB2), and beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 2 (ADRBK2) genes. |journal=Genomics |volume=23 |issue= 1 |pages= 286–8 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7695743 |doi= 10.1006/geno.1994.1497
*cite journal | author=Parruti G, Peracchia F, Sallese M, "et al." |title=Molecular analysis of human beta-arrestin-1: cloning, tissue distribution, and regulation of expression. Identification of two isoforms generated by alternative splicing. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=268 |issue= 13 |pages= 9753–61 |year= 1993 |pmid= 8486659 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Le Gouill C, Parent JL, Rola-Pleszczynski M, Stanková J |title=Role of the Cys90, Cys95 and Cys173 residues in the structure and function of the human platelet-activating factor receptor. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=402 |issue= 2-3 |pages= 203–8 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9037196 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Barak LS, Ferguson SS, Zhang J, Caron MG |title=A beta-arrestin/green fluorescent protein biosensor for detecting G protein-coupled receptor activation. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=272 |issue= 44 |pages= 27497–500 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9346876 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Laporte SA, Oakley RH, Zhang J, "et al." |title=The beta2-adrenergic receptor/betaarrestin complex recruits the clathrin adaptor AP-2 during endocytosis. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=96 |issue= 7 |pages= 3712–7 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10097102 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Cheng ZJ, Zhao J, Sun Y, "et al." |title=beta-arrestin differentially regulates the chemokine receptor CXCR4-mediated signaling and receptor internalization, and this implicates multiple interaction sites between beta-arrestin and CXCR4. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=275 |issue= 4 |pages= 2479–85 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10644702 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Lin F, Wang H, Malbon CC |title=Gravin-mediated formation of signaling complexes in beta 2-adrenergic receptor desensitization and resensitization. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=275 |issue= 25 |pages= 19025–34 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10858453 |doi=
*cite journal | author=McDonald PH, Chow CW, Miller WE, "et al." |title=Beta-arrestin 2: a receptor-regulated MAPK scaffold for the activation of JNK3. |journal=Science |volume=290 |issue= 5496 |pages= 1574–7 |year= 2000 |pmid= 11090355 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Luttrell LM, Roudabush FL, Choy EW, "et al." |title=Activation and targeting of extracellular signal-regulated kinases by beta-arrestin scaffolds. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=98 |issue= 5 |pages= 2449–54 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11226259 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.041604898
*cite journal | author=Cen B, Yu Q, Guo J, "et al." |title=Direct binding of beta-arrestins to two distinct intracellular domains of the delta opioid receptor. |journal=J. Neurochem. |volume=76 |issue= 6 |pages= 1887–94 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11259507 |doi=
*cite journal | author=Oakley RH, Laporte SA, Holt JA, "et al." |title=Molecular determinants underlying the formation of stable intracellular G protein-coupled receptor-beta-arrestin complexes after receptor endocytosis*. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 22 |pages= 19452–60 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11279203 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M101450200
*cite journal | author=Miller WE, McDonald PH, Cai SF, "et al." |title=Identification of a motif in the carboxyl terminus of beta -arrestin2 responsible for activation of JNK3. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 30 |pages= 27770–7 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11356842 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M102264200
*cite journal | author=Claing A, Chen W, Miller WE, "et al." |title=beta-Arrestin-mediated ADP-ribosylation factor 6 activation and beta 2-adrenergic receptor endocytosis. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 45 |pages= 42509–13 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11533043 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M108399200
*cite journal | author=Hilairet S, Bélanger C, Bertrand J, "et al." |title=Agonist-promoted internalization of a ternary complex between calcitonin receptor-like receptor, receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1), and beta-arrestin. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=276 |issue= 45 |pages= 42182–90 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11535606 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M107323200
*cite journal | author=Shenoy SK, McDonald PH, Kohout TA, Lefkowitz RJ |title=Regulation of receptor fate by ubiquitination of activated beta 2-adrenergic receptor and beta-arrestin. |journal=Science |volume=294 |issue= 5545 |pages= 1307–13 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11588219 |doi= 10.1126/science.1063866
*cite journal | author=Chen Z, Dupré DJ, Le Gouill C, "et al." |title=Agonist-induced internalization of the platelet-activating factor receptor is dependent on arrestins but independent of G-protein activation. Role of the C terminus and the (D/N)PXXY motif. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 9 |pages= 7356–62 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11729201 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M110058200

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