Skillet Lickers

The Skillet Lickers were an old-time band from Georgia, USA.

When Gid Tanner teamed up with blind guitarist Riley Puckett and signed to Columbia in 1924, they created the label's earliest so-called "hillbilly" recording. Gid Tanner formed The Skillet Lickers in 1926. the first line-up was Gid Tanner, Riley Puckett, Clayton McMichen and Fate Norris. Between 1926 and 1931 they recorded 88 sides for Columbia. Eighty-two of these were commercially issued. Later members were Lowe Stokes, Bert Layne, Hoke Rice, Arthur Tanner and Hoyt "Slim" Bryant. Their best-selling single was "Down Yonder", a hillbilly breakdown, in 1934 on RCA Victor. They disbanded in 1931, but reformed for occasional recordings after a couple of years with a changing line-up. "Back Up and Push" was another well-known recording. The Skillet Lickers, together with fellow North Georgians Fiddlin' John Carson and the Georgia Yellow Hammers, made Atlanta and North Georgia an early center of old-time stringband music, especially the hard-driving fiddle-based style employed by each of these performers.

Individual members

Clayton McMichen (1900-1970) was the lead fiddler. He was known as "Mac". At the age of 11 he learned to play the fiddle from his uncle and father. Two years later, in 1913, his family moved to Atlanta, Georgia where Mac made his living as an automobile mechanic. In 1918 he formed a band called "The Hometown Boys" consisting of himself and Charles Whitten on fiddles, Boss Hawkins and Mike Whitten on guitars and Ezra "Ted" Hawkins on mandolin. The Hometown Boys made their first radio debut on September 18, 1922. In 1931, he performed with the "Georgia Wildcats" on their first recording session for Columbia Records. He was National Fiddling Champion from 1934 to 1949. Mac made his last recordings in 1945, although he continued to perform until 1955 when he retired. His most notable composition was "Peach Pickin' Time in Georgia", later recorded by Jimmie Rodgers in 1932. By the time the folk revival was under way in the late 50s, his irritation with being asked to play old-fashioned material was unconcealed. At the Newport Festival he spoke out on stage of his disdain for the Skillet Lickers. However, the recordings he made with that band are the only ones of his in print. In the early 30's the band occasionally toured without Gid Tanner, and without Puckett, with McMichen in charge instead. On these occasions Bert Layne would black-up for on stage comedy.

Little is known of Fate Norris (banjo, harmonica, vocals). He may have been born in Resaca, Georgia. By 1931 he appears to have disappeared from the line-up, to be replaced by Gid on banjo. Lowe Stokes from Resaca, Georgia (fiddle) had previouly performed as a one man band. He had made a device with strings and levers which he played with his feet. Together Fate and Gid did black-face comedy, which would now be considered politically incorrect. He made some recordings under his own name. He was only occasionally a member of the band. He lost his right hand in an accident in 1931.

Bert Layne (fiddle), brother-in-law of McMichen, played occasionally. His fiddle had a lower sound than Tanner or McMichen, but the combination of three fiddles marks out the group from almost everyone else at the time. Arthur Tanner (brother of Gid) played banjo and guitar.

Riley Puckett recorded solo for Victor and Decca in the 30s and early 40s. He also belonged to a trio called "Bert Layne and his Mountaineers". After 1931 the group occasionally consisted of Riley Puckett on guitar, Gordon Tanner on fiddle, Ezra "Ted" Hawkins on mandolin and even record producer Dan Hornsby on vocals. There are recordings by a group called the "Arthur Tanner and the Cornshuckers" which may have contained Gid Tanner.

Unfortunately the virtuosity of Puckett tended to pull in a different direction from that of Mac. Their best recordings were probably their last ones, from 1931. The band recorded in two long recording sessions per year, from 1926 to 1931. Few members of the group were full-time professional musicians. Clayton McMichen was an auto mechanic. McMichen was a welder. Tanner was a chicken farmer. Riley Puckett toured as a musician with his own tent show. His technical virtuosity marks him out as one of the best guitarists of the 20s and early 30s.

Legacy

While many bands are celebrated for their innovations, the Skillet Lickers are celebrated for embracing a style that was already out-of-fashion by the time they started. Had it not been for their playing of homely folk songs with a hard-driving fiddle section, we would hardly know what this kind of music sounded like. They played many instrumentals, ballads, pop songs and comedy sketches, such as "A Corn Licker Still in Georgia". This was a set of 14 sketches with a running gag that people in authority wanted to stamp out illegal stills and after-hours fiddle-playing, but secretly wanted to drink the liquor, and hear the tunes. They even depicted a real-life minister of the church drinking the moonshine in a sketch. The New Lost City Ramblers, a revival old-time group from the early 60s, were clearly fans of the Skilllet Lickers. Gid's son Gordon Tanner went on to lead a group called the "Junior Skillet Lickers". Gid's grandson led "Skillet Lickers II".

There is a biography of Clayton McMichen in the German-language version of Wikipedia. [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clayton_McMichen Biography in German] .

Discography

* "Skillet Lickers, Vol 1" (196?)
* "Skillet Lickers, Vol 2" (1973)
* "Kickapoo Medicine Show" (1977)
* "A Day At The Country Fair" (1981)
* "Skillet Lickers" (1996)
* "The Skillet Lickers Vol 1 1926 - 1927"
* "The Skillet Lickers Vol 2 1927 - 1928"
* "The Skillet Lickers Vol 3 1928 - 1929"
* "The Skillet Lickers Vol 4 1928 - 1930"
* "The Skillet Lickers Vol 5 1930 - 1934"
* "The Skillet Lickers Vol 6 1934"
* "Complete Recorded Works" (2001)

Anthologies.
* "Can't You Hear Me Callin' Bluegrass: 80 Years of American Music" (2004)
* "Good For What Ails You 1926 - 1937" (2006)
* "Serenade in the Mountains" (2006)

References

*"Stars of Country Music", (University of Illinois Press, 1975)

External References

* [http://www.secc.kctcs.net/AppalachianCenter/archives/ward/skillet.htm Illustration of the skillet Lickers]
* [http://www.mustrad.org.uk/articles/barrick.htm Illustration of Fate Norris]
* [http://www.answers.com/topic/clayton-mcmichen Biography of Clayton McMichen]
* [http://www.voyagerrecords.com/RV303.htm A corn Licker Still in Georgia]
* [http://www.1001tunes.com/fiddlers/gidtanner.html Extensive discography]