NOS1

Nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal)
Rendering of 1b8q
Available structures PDB 1b8q, 1f20, 1k2r, 1k2s, 1k2t, 1k2u, 1lzx, 1lzz, 1m00, 1mmv, 1mmw, 1om4, 1om5, 1p6h, 1p6i, 1p6j, 1p6k, 1qau, 1qav, 1qw6, 1qwc, 1rs6, 1rs7, 1tll, 1vag, 1zvi, 1zvl, 1zzq, 1zzr, 1zzu, 2g6h, 2g6i, 2g6j, 2g6k, 2g6l, 2g6m, 2g6n, 2hx3, 2hx4
Identifiers
Symbols	NOS1; IHPS1; N-NOS; NC-NOS; NOS; bNOS; nNOS
External IDs	OMIM: 163731 MGI: 97360 HomoloGene: 37327 GeneCards: NOS1 Gene
EC number	1.14.13.39
Gene Ontology Molecular function • nitric-oxide synthase activity • nitric-oxide synthase activity • protein binding • calmodulin binding • FMN binding • oxidoreductase activity • heme binding • tetrahydrobiopterin binding • arginine binding • cadmium ion binding • metal ion binding • flavin adenine dinucleotide binding • NADP binding Cellular component • photoreceptor inner segment • cytoplasm • cytosol • cytoskeleton • sarcoplasmic reticulum • sarcolemma • cell projection • dendritic spine • synapse • perinuclear region of cytoplasm Biological process • response to hypoxia • regulation of sodium ion transport • arginine catabolic process • nitric oxide biosynthetic process • striated muscle contraction • myoblast fusion • blood coagulation • response to heat • negative regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosol • peptidyl-cysteine S-nitrosylation • platelet activation • multicellular organismal response to stress • positive regulation of histone acetylation • neurotransmitter biosynthetic process • exogenous drug catabolic process • negative regulation of potassium ion transport • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent • positive regulation of vasodilation • positive regulation of vasodilation • negative regulation of hydrolase activity • negative regulation of serotonin uptake • regulation of cardiac muscle contraction • cellular response to growth factor stimulus Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	4842	18125
Ensembl	ENSG00000089250	ENSMUSG00000029361
UniProt	P29475	Q9JJ30
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_000620.4	NM_008712.2
RefSeq (protein)	NP_000611.1	NP_032738.1
Location (UCSC)	Chr 12: 117.64 – 117.8 Mb	Chr 5: 118.23 – 118.41 Mb
PubMed search	[1]	[2]

Nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal), also known as NOS1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NOS1 gene.^[1][2]

Function

Nitric oxide (NO) is a messenger molecule with diverse functions throughout the body. In the brain and peripheral nervous system, NO displays many properties of a neurotransmitter; it is implicated in neurotoxicity associated with stroke and neurodegenerative diseases, neural regulation of smooth muscle, including peristalsis, and penile erection. NO is also responsible for endothelium-derived relaxing factor activity regulating blood pressure. In macrophages, NO mediates tumoricidal and bactericidal actions, as indicated by the fact that inhibitors of NO synthase (NOS) block these effects. Neuronal NOS and macrophage NOS are distinct isoforms.^[3] Both the neuronal and the macrophage forms are unusual among oxidative enzymes in requiring several electron donors: FAD, flavin mononucleotide (FMN), NADPH, and tetrahydrobiopterin.^[4]

Clinical significance

It has been implicated in asthma,^[5][6] schizophrenia^[7][8] and restless leg syndrome.^[9] It has also been investigated with respect to bipolar disorder.^[10]

Interactions

NOS1 has been shown to interact with DLG4^[11][12] and NOS1AP.^[11]

See also

• Nitric oxide synthase

References

1. ^ Kishimoto J, Spurr N, Liao M, Lizhi L, Emson P, Xu W (November 1992). "Localization of brain nitric oxide synthase (NOS) to human chromosome 12". Genomics 14 (3): 802–4. doi:10.1016/S0888-7543(05)80192-2. PMID 1385308. 
2. ^ Geller DA, Lowenstein CJ, Shapiro RA, Nussler AK, Di Silvio M, Wang SC, Nakayama DK, Simmons RL, Snyder SH, Billiar TR (April 1993). "Molecular cloning and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase from human hepatocytes". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90 (8): 3491–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.8.3491. PMC 46326. PMID 7682706. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=46326. 
3. ^ Lowenstein CJ, Glatt CS, Bredt DS, Snyder SH (August 1992). "Cloned and expressed macrophage nitric oxide synthase contrasts with the brain enzyme". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (15): 6711–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.15.6711. PMC 49573. PMID 1379716. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=49573. 
4. ^ "Entrez Gene: NOS1 Nitric oxide synthase 1 (neuronal)". http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4843. 
5. ^ Grasemann H, Yandava CN, Drazen JM (December 1999). "Neuronal NO synthase (NOS1) is a major candidate gene for asthma". Clin. Exp. Allergy. 29 Suppl 4: 39–41. PMID 10641565. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/resolve/openurl?genre=article&sid=nlm:pubmed&issn=0954-7894&date=1999&volume=29&issue=&spage=39. 
6. ^ Leung TF, Liu EK, Tang NL, Ko FW, Li CY, Lam CW, Wong GW (October 2005). "Nitric oxide synthase polymorphisms and asthma phenotypes in Chinese children". Clin. Exp. Allergy 35 (10): 1288–94. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02342.x. PMID 16238787. 
7. ^ Shinkai T, Ohmori O, Hori H, Nakamura J (2002). "Allelic association of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) gene with schizophrenia". Mol. Psychiatry 7 (6): 560–3. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001041. PMID 12140778. 
8. ^ Reif A, Herterich S, Strobel A, Ehlis AC, Saur D, Jacob CP, Wienker T, Töpner T, Fritzen S, Walter U, Schmitt A, Fallgatter AJ, Lesch KP (March 2006). "A neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS-I) haplotype associated with schizophrenia modifies prefrontal cortex function". Mol. Psychiatry 11 (3): 286–300. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4001779. PMID 16389274. 
9. ^ Winkelmann J, Lichtner P, Schormair B, Uhr M, Hauk S, Stiasny-Kolster K, Trenkwalder C, Paulus W, Peglau I, Eisensehr I, Illig T, Wichmann HE, Pfister H, Golic J, Bettecken T, Pütz B, Holsboer F, Meitinger T, Müller-Myhsok B (February 2008). "Variants in the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS, NOS1) gene are associated with restless legs syndrome". Mov. Disord. 23 (3): 350–8. doi:10.1002/mds.21647. PMID 18058820. 
10. ^ Buttenschön HN, Mors O, Ewald H, McQuillin A, Kalsi G, Lawrence J, Gurling H, Kruse TA (January 2004). "No association between a neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1) gene polymorphism on chromosome 12q24 and bipolar disorder". Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 124B (1): 73–5. doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.20040. PMID 14681919. 
11. ^ ^{a b} Jaffrey, S R; Snowman A M, Eliasson M J, Cohen N A, Snyder S H (Jan. 1998). "CAPON: a protein associated with neuronal nitric oxide synthase that regulates its interactions with PSD95". Neuron (UNITED STATES) 20 (1): 115–24. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80439-0. ISSN 0896-6273. PMID 9459447. 
12. ^ Brenman, J E; Chao D S, Gee S H, McGee A W, Craven S E, Santillano D R, Wu Z, Huang F, Xia H, Peters M F, Froehner S C, Bredt D S (Mar. 1996). "Interaction of nitric oxide synthase with the postsynaptic density protein PSD-95 and alpha1-syntrophin mediated by PDZ domains". Cell (UNITED STATES) 84 (5): 757–67. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81053-3. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 8625413. 

Further reading

• Miyagoe-Suzuki Y, Takeda SI (2002). "Association of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) with alpha1-syntrophin at the sarcolemma.". Microsc. Res. Tech. 55 (3): 164–70. doi:10.1002/jemt.1167. PMID 11747091. 
• Waddington SN (2002). "Arginase in glomerulonephritis.". Kidney Int. 61 (3): 876–81. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2002.00236.x. PMID 11849441. 
• Rotilio G, Aquilano K, Ciriolo MR (2004). "Interplay of Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase and nitric oxide synthase in neurodegenerative processes.". IUBMB Life 55 (10-11): 629–34. doi:10.1080/15216540310001628717. PMID 14711010. 

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.