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Affix

Translation
Affix

An affix is a morpheme that is attached to a stem to form a word. Affixes may be derivational, like English "-ness" and "pre-", or inflectional, like English plural "-s" and past tense "-ed". They are bound morphemes by definition; prefixes and suffixes may be separable affixes. Affixation is, thus, the linguistic process speakers use to form new words (neologisms) by adding sounds (affixes) at the beginning (prefixation), the middle (infixation) or the end (suffixation) of words.

Positional categories of affixes

Affixes are divided into several categories, depending on their position with reference to the stem. "Prefix" and "suffix" are extremely common terms. "Infix" and "circumfix" are less so, as they are not important in European languages. The other terms are uncommon.

In sentence (1), the verb "wash" is unicode|šak’ʷətəs where unicode|šak’ʷ- is the root and unicode|-ət and unicode|-əs are inflectional suffixes. The subject "the woman" is unicode|łə słeniʔ and the object "the baby" is unicode|łə qeq. In this sentence, "the baby" is a free noun. (The unicode|niʔ here is an auxiliary, which can be ignored for explanatory purposes.)

In sentence (2), "baby" does not appear as a free noun. Instead it appears as the lexical suffix unicode|-əyəł which is affixed to the verb root unicode|šk’ʷ- (which has changed slightly in pronunciation, but this can also be ignored here). Note how the lexical suffix is neither "the baby" (definite) nor "a baby" (indefinite); such referential changes are routine with incorporated nouns.

ee also

* Agglutination
* Augmentative
* Binary prefix
* Clitic
* Concatenation
* Derivation
* Diminutive
* English prefixes
* Family name affixes
* Internet-related prefixes
* Marker (linguistics)
* Separable affix
* SI prefix
* Stemming - affix removal using computer software
* Unpaired word
* Word formation

Bibliography

* Gerdts, Donna B. (2003). The morphosyntax of Halkomelem lexical suffixes. "International Journal of American Linguistics", "69" (4), 345-356.
* Montler, Timothy. (1986). "An outline of the morphology and phonology of Saanich, North Straits Salish". Occasional Papers in Linguistics (No. 4). Missoula, MT: University of Montana Linguistics Laboratory.
* Montler, Timothy. (1991). "Saanich, North Straits Salish classified word list". Canadian Ethnology service paper (No. 119); Mercury series. Hull, Quebec: Canadian Museum of Civilization."'

External links

* [http://www.prefixsuffix.com/ Comprehensive and searchable affix dictionary reference]


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  • affix — 1> аффикс 2> редк. приложение, дополнение 3> (to, on, upon) прикреплять; Ex: to affix a placard on a wall прикрепить плакат на стену; Ex: to a affix stamp приклеить марку 4> приписывать (кому л.) Ex: to affix blame to smb. приписывать вину кому… …   Новый большой англо-русский словарь

  • Affix — Af*fix , v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Affixed}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Affixing}.] [LL. affixare, L. affixus, p. p. of affigere to fasten to; ad + figere to fasten: cf. OE. affichen, F. afficher, ultimately fr. L. affigere. See {Fix}.] 1. To subjoin, annex, or …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • affix — 1. noun 1) gram. аффикс 2) rare прибавление, придаток 2. v. 1) прик реплять (to, on, upon) 2) присоединять 3) поставить (подпись); приложить (пе чать) to affix a stamp приклеить марку to affix one s signature поставитьподпись Syn: see add …   Англо-русский словарь Мюллера

  • Affix — Af fix, n.; pl. {Affixes}. [L. affixus, p. p. of affigere: cf. F. affixe.] That which is affixed; an appendage; esp. one or more letters or syllables added at the end of a word; a suffix; a postfix. [1913 Webster] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Affix — (lat. affixum, Mehrzahl affixa), Anhang, am Anfang oder Ende eines Wortes angehängte Silbe …   Kleines Konversations-Lexikon

  • affix — 1) To attach something to real estate in a permanent way, including planting trees, constructing a building, or installng a built in bookshelf. 2) To add a signature or or seal to a document. Category: Business, LLCs & Corporations Category:… …   Law dictionary

  • affix — ̘. ̈n.ˈæfɪks 1. сущ. 1) а) грам. аффикс Syn : suffix б) в кинологии обозначает специальную приставку, ставящуюся в паспорте до или после имени собаки, чтобы определить год рождения и породу 2) редк …   Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь

  • Affix — Die Bezeichnung Affix (von lat. ad figere, „anheften“; PPP: adfixum, assimiliert zu affixum) hat in der Linguistik, der Informatik, der Mathematik sowie in den verschiedenen Naturwissenschaften unterschiedliche Bedeutungen. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • affix — I. transitive verb Etymology: Latin affixus, past participle of affigere to fasten to, from ad + figere to fasten more at fix Date: 1533 1. to attach physically < affix a stamp to a letter > 2. to attach in any way ; add, append …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • affix — affixable, adj. affixal /a fik seuhl/, affixial /a fik see euhl/, adj. affixer, n. affixment, n. v. /euh fiks /; n. /af iks/, v.t. 1. to fasten, join, or attach (usually fol. by to): to affix stamps to a letter …   Universalium