List of countries by foreign exchange reserves
- List of countries by foreign exchange reserves
Foreign exchange reserves (also called Forex reserves) in a strict sense are "only" the foreign currency deposits held by central banks and monetary authorities. However, the term foreign exchange reserves in popular usage (such as this list) commonly includes foreign exchange and gold, SDRs and IMF reserve position as this total figure is more readily available, however it is accurately deemed as official reserves or international reserves. The list excludes currency swaps conducted by central banks.
These are assets of the central banks which are held in different reserve currencies such as the dollar, euro, yen and pound, and which are used to back its liabilities, e.g. the local currency issued, and the various bank reserves deposited with the central bank, by the government or financial institutions. Before the end of the gold standard, gold was the preferred reserve. Some nations are converting foreign exchange reserves into sovereign wealth funds, which can rival foreign exchange reserves in size.
This is a list of countries and territories by foreign exchange reserves in US dollar equivalence. Some nations have multiple monetary authorities, counted separately, such as China, which has three. Exchange rate fluctuations can have significant impact on these numbers.
List of states by foreign exchange reserves
"Note: Although foreign exchange reserves are commonly measured in dollars, recent dollar devaluation against other reserve currencies does not necessarily reflect an improvement of finances. For consistency, forward currency swap contracts are not included in this list until they mature, figures that include them may be higher than those listed here".
ee also
*Official gold reserves
External links
* [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2188rank.html The World Factbook, CIA]
* [http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/ir/8802.pdf IMF's data on current foreign exchange reserves of reporting countries]
* [http://dsbb.imf.org/Applications/web/reservestemplate/ SDDS subscribers with links to their websites containing data on international reserves]
* [http://www.bis.org/cbanks.htm Central bank websites from Bank for International Settlements]
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