Shawish

Shawish (Shaweesh, Shawesh) (الشاويش, شاويش Arabic) is a large and wide-spread family originated from Damascus Gate neighbourhood of East Jerusalem, Palestine. Shawish as a surname is also widely used throughout the world. Other families with the Shawish surname originated from Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Iraq, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia and Morocco.

The Shawish surname has several variations in languages other than Arabic. Written Arabic language frequently omits vowels, therefore the surname is often spelt using only plain Arabic alphabet, literally as “Shawesh”. “Al-” or “El”, meaning “family of” or “the” in Arabic, is often used as a prefix to names in formal identifications. English or other languages translations of the surname therefore vary, some common versions include:(Al) Shawish; Shawish; (El) Shawesh; Shaweesh.

Origin

Several Islamic historians assert that the Shawish family is a descendant of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. This claim is based on verifiable historical documents describing the link through "twenty four men" (generations) between Muhammad and Ustaz Mohammad Zuhayr Al-Shawish (see below) cite web
title = Sheikh Zuhayr Al-Shawish and His Conservation of Islamic Authentic Heritage
publisher = [Al-‘ateebi, Bader bin Ali bin Tammi. Al Riyadh Daily Newspaper]
date =14 November issue 12929 year 39
url =http://www.alriyadh.com/Contents/14-11-2003/Mainpage/Thkafa_8840.php
accessdate =2007-10-20]

The Hashemi clan, to which Muhammad belonged, was the ancestors of Al-Husayni clan through Husayn ibn Ali, Muhammad's grand son, whose members migrated from Mecca to neighbouring countries in the Levant region to fight the crusaders. In the 13th century after Saladin victory over the crusaders, Al-Husayni clan settled in Jerusalem, expanded to thousands of members and gained power and influence. cite web
title = Arab Hebronites who came to Jerusalem after 1948 dominate Jerusalem Arab society today
publisher = [Danny Rubenstein, Ha'aretz]
date =2001-06-06
url =http://www.kokhavivpublications.com/2001/israel/june/10/0106061229.html
accessdate =2007-10-20]

During the periods of Ottoman Empire and British Mandate of Palestine, and due to significant historical and political events in Jerusalem, some of Al-Husayni individuals adopted new surnames drawn from their professions . Within the Shawish family, it is widely believed that the name Shawish (meaning Police or Army Sergeant) started from a policeman in the Old City of Jerusalem at that time, around the end of the 19th century.
An early record of the surname Shawish was in a British Newspaper “The New Age” article in 1910. The article discussed several current affairs in Egypt and made reference to Sheykh Abdul Aziz Shawish, editor of ”Al Lewa'” newspaper at that time [ Pickthall, Marmaduke, "The Situation in Egypt".A Reply to Duse Mohamed. The New Age. Vol. VII. No. 9.JUNE 30, 1910. London. UK. http://dl.lib.brown.edu/pdfs/1140813940203343.pdf ] .

Migration

The Israeli occupation of Jerusalem following the Six-Day War in 1967 forced some family members to immigrate to neighbouring countries, primarily to Amman, the Jordanian capital. Some have since lost the rights to return to Jerusalem (See Palestinian right of return).

Modern-day

At present time the remaining Shawish family is one of the largest original (not immigrant) in the Old City (Jerusalem) [Amnesty International (2000), Report: "Israel and the Occupied Territories: Mass arrests and police brutality", 10 November, AI Index: MDE 15/058/2000, http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGMDE150582000?open&of=ENG-403] . In addition to the main bases of Jerusalem and Jordan, where the family has very strong presence; many of the younger members of the family have emigrated for economic and educational reasons and currently reside in the USA, UAE, and smaller in numbers in Syria, Lebanon, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia, Sudan, Brazil, Mexico, UK, and many other countries.

Occupation

Traditionally tradesmen and small business owners, currently many of the family members run their own small retail businesses in Jerusalem, Jordan, and to lesser extent in other countries. It is common to see signs above small shops saying “Al-Shawish” in Old City (Jerusalem) or down town Amman. Some members of Shawish family have also entered mid-market professions; IT, Finance, Management, Sales and Marketing, Education and other Trades. The family is not known to have many craftsmen, civil servants, police or army personnel.

Notable family members

List of notable family members according to their locations in alphabetical order.

The Americas

*Abdul Shawish (Al-Shawish), Hollywood Actor, acted in several movies including Glitter (2001) [Hollywood.com, http://www.hollywood.com/celebrity/Abdul_Shawish/1527127] [The Internet Movie Database, Glitter (2001), Full Cast and Crew, http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0118589/fullcredits] and Serendipity (2001) [The Internet Movie Database, Serendipity (2001), http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1152476/] , California, USA.
*Kayid Shawish, Professional Poker Player, Virginia, United States.
**Kayid is one of the top 25 winners of the following National Tournaments: [Poker Pages, Professional Poker Player Profile: Kayid Shawish, http://www.pokerpages.com/players/profiles/82249/kayid-shawish.htm] .
***United States Poker Championship, Event #19 - 5th place, Oct 4, 2007.
***Borgata Summer Open, Event #3 - 16th place, Jun 15, 2007.
***Harrah’s Atlantic City Poker Tournament, WSOP Circuit Event - 23rd place, Mar 6, 2007.
***Harrah's Atlantic City Poker Tournament] , WSOP Circuit Event - 16th place, Dec 12, 2006.
***4th Borgata Poker Open / WPT Event Season 5 / PPT Event - 21st place. Sep 16, 2006.

Europe

*Kaied Shawish, Business Development Director, Harvest International Ltd (Real Estate) (2006 - present). London, UK. [Harvest International company profile http://www.linkedin.com/pub/a/414/51 ] .

*Dr. Samir El Shawish, Author, Research Fellow, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
**Some of the articles published by Samir Shawish relating to Physics science:
***Thermal entanglement of qubit pairs on the Shastry-Sutherland lattice. [S. El Shawish, A. Ramsak, J. Bonca. Phys. Rev. B 75, 205442 (2007).]
***In-Gap Spin Excitations and Finite Triplet Lifetimes in the Dilute Singlet Ground State System. [S. Haravifard, S. R. Dunsiger, S. El Shawish, B. D. Gaulin, H. A. Dabkowska, M.F. Telling, J. Bonca. physics.str-el.]
***Spin-polaron excitations in a doped Shastry-Sutherland model. [S. El Shawish, J. Bonca. physics.str-el.]
***Dynamic Spin Structure Factor of SrCu2(BO3)2 at Finite Temperatures. [S. El Shawish, J. Bonca, I. Sega. physics.str-el.]
***Electron Spin Resonance of SrCu2(BO3)2 at High Magnetic Field. [ S. El Shawish, J. Bonca, C. D. Batista, I. sega. physics.cond-mat (physics.stat-mech).] [Physical Review B,Phys. Rev. B 71, 014413 (2005) (5 pages), http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=PRBMDO000071000001014413000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=yes, united states]
***Anomalous scaling of conductivity in integrable fermion systems. [P. Prelovsek, S. El Shawish, X. Zotos, M. Long. physics.str-el.]
***High Field Specific Heat of 2D Quantum Spin System SrCu2(BO3)2. [G. A. Jorge, R. Stern, M. Jaime, N. Harrison, J. Bonca, S. El Shawish, C. D. Batista, H. A. Dabkowska, B. D. Gaulin. Phys. Rev. B 71, 092403 (2005).. physics.str-el.]
***Finite Temperature Dynamical Correlations using the Microcanonical Ensemble and the Lanczos Algorithm. [M. W. Long, P. Prelovsek, S. El Shawish, J. Karadamoglou, X. Zotos. physics.str-el (physics.stat-mech).]
***Numerical study of the E Ø e Jahn-Teller polaron and bipolaron. [S. El Shawish, J. Bonca, Li-Chung Ku, S. A. Trugman. physics.str-el.]

*Wael Shawish, Palestinian Rights Activist, Say No to War, Edinburgh, Scotland [Say no to War. http://www.nysntw.vesana.com/html/modules/myalbum Edinburgh, Scotland.] .

Iraq

*'Abdul 'Aziz Shawish, Head of the Parliamentary Commission for Financial Affairs (2000-2003), Baghdad, Iraq [ Nissman, D., (2001), Iraq Report, 2 February, vol.4, iss.5, Global Security, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/news/iraq/2001/5-020201.html, accessed 13 October 2007] [Choukri, F., Taha, K. (2001), “Iraq Looks to Free Trade Accords to Ease Decade-Old Sanctions”, Agence France Presse, Global Policy Forum, January 30, http://www.globalpolicy.org/security/sanction/iraq1/turnpoint/010130.htm, accessed 13 October 2007 ] .

*Bruska Shawish, Iraqi Deputy Defence Minister (2005-2006). Baghdad, Iraq [ Chrenkoff Arthur. AFTER THE WAR, Voices of Freedom; A roundup of the past two weeks' good news from Iraq. http://www.opinionjournal.com/extra/?id=110006103 January 3, 2005] .

*Rosh Noori Shawish, Interim Vice-President of Iraq (2003-2005), Iraq [The Associated Press APTN (2004), “Iraq Preview”, Story Number: 425198, Tape Number: EF04/0813, 14 August 2004, http://www.aparchive.com/index.aspx, accessed 13 October 2007] [ABC News, Baghdad conference debates interim assembly, http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2004/08/15/1176935.htm Aug 15, 2004] [Le Monde des Parlements (2004), Web Version, “Parliamentary Developments, Iraq, the National Council of Iraq”, October issue 15, http://www.ipu.org/news-f/15-7.htm, accessed 13 October 2007] .

Jordan

*A’abeer Al-Shawish, Head Teacher, Al-Qaru’wan College (2004-present), Jordan [ Alrai Daily Newspaper1-06-2006. http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=110198&select= Amman, Jordan ] .

*Ahmad Al-Shawish, Artist (Painter) and Art Critic, Jordan [ Alrai Daily Newspaper 21-10-2004 http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=4306&select= Amman, Jordan. ] .

*Dr. Ghaleeb Al-Shawish, Head of Education, Muslim Brotherhood (2004-present). Ma'an, Jordan [ Alrai Daily Newspaper 18-03-2005. http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=25542&select= Amman. Jordan. ] .

*Dr Hassan Al-Shawish, Consultant & Specialist in Blood Illnesses, King Hussein Regional Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan [King Hussein Cancer Centre (2004), News and Events, Al-Mihwar, 22 January, http://www.khcc.jo/news/1.22.04_almihwar.asp] [ Alrai Daily Newspaper 14-08-2005. http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=48490&select= Amman Jordan.] [King Hussein Cancer Centre, KHCC Faculty, Profile: Dr. Hassan Shawish, http://www.khcc.jo/bios/hasanshawish.ASP, accessed 13 October 2007 ] .

*Khalil Al-Shawish, Film Director (Music video), Head of Montage, Nurmena TV, Jordan.
**Some popular songs directed by Khalil include:
*** Alzi al-A’askari, (الزي العسكري) (Military Uniform), 2006 [ Alrai Daily Newspaper 18-11-2006. http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=131150&select= Amman, Jordan. ]
*** Ahobak ya Lobnan, (احبك يا لبنان) (Love you Lebanon), 2006 [ Alrai Daily Newspaper 29-08-2006 http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=120333&select= Amman, Jordan.]
*** Raja’a yta’amar Lobnan, (راجع يتعمر لبنان), (Return to Rebuild Lebanon), 2006 [ Alrai Daily Newspaper 21-04-2006 http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=121581&select= Amman, Jordan. ]

*Omar Al-Shawish, Flash Director (Animation), Jordan. [ Dr. Saeed yakteen - arab-ewriters web site 2007. http://www.arab-ewriters.com/saqee3/yakteen.html. ] .
**deal with:Flash animation, e-Learning, Flash websites, interactive CD and Animated cartoon. [ صقيع: تجربة إبداعية عربية جديدة. http://www.arab-ewriters.com/?action=showitem&&id=2613. ]

*Majdi Al-Beit Shawish, Chief Executive Officer of Estarta Solutions (2005-present). Amman, Jordan [ Estarta Solutions http://www.estartasolutions.com/EstartaWebsite/Templates/SearchResult.aspx] .

*Manal Shawish, Athlete (Swimming), Runner-up in Al-astiklal Championship 2006 (Kingdom level), Amman, Jordan [ Alrai Daily Newspaper 28-04-2006. http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=98614&select= Amman, Jordan.] .

*Mohammad Zoheer Al- Shawish, Athlete (football). Defender at Al Faisaly Football club (2005-present). Amman, Jordan [List of players (AL Faisaly). Naseej Sports News http://sports.naseej.com/PlayerPage.aspx?PlayerID=4079] .

*Muhammad Al-Shawish, Member of Local Committee for Education and Teaching (2003-2005), Ma'an, Jordan [ Alrai Daily Newspaper 27-12-2007, http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=14102&select= Amman, Jordan.] .

*Nadia Al-Shawish, The only female member of the Administrative Board of the Banking Union (2005-present), Amman, Jordan. [ Alrai Daily Newspaper 29-06-2006. http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=111289&select= Amman, Jordan.] .

*Dr. Naief Al-Shawish, Junior Minister of Education for Centre Provinces (2005-present.), Jordan [ Alrai Daily Newspaper 30-05-2005. http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=37068&select= Amman, Jordan ] .

*Othman Al-Shawish, Member of Engineers Trade Union (White Islamic List) 2006, Al-Zarqa, Jordan [ Alrai Daily Newspaper 20-02-2006. http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=82361&select= Amman, Jordan.] .

*Sa’aed Muslim Al-Shawish, Member of Union Workers of the Mines and Mining, Jordan [ Alrai Daily Newspaper 25-10-2005. http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=59093&select= Amman, Jordan.] .

*Zeed Al-Shawish, Athlete and Gold Medal Winner in Karate(Kingdom level), 2005, Jordan [ Alrai Daily Newspaper 23- 10-2005. http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=58776&select= Amman, Jordan.] .

Lebanon

*Khaled Shawish, Senior Commander, Fatah Al-Islam Palestinian militant group (2002-present). Nahr al-Bared UNRWA Palestinian refugee camp, Lebanon. Khaled led the Fatah al-Islam team to the cease fire negotiation with the Lebanese army on August 2007 after 8 weeks of fighting at Nahr al-Bared [Lebanese army advances on Fatah al-Islam positions, killing 16 militants. Xinhua News Agency http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-164660304.html June 9, 2007.] [Siniora Fouad. Standing firm against Fatah al-Islam. New Straits Times. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-140897940.html June 23, 2007.] [Designation of Fatah al-Islam under Executive Order 13224.M2 Presswire http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-167589043.html August 13, 2007.] .

*Musa Al-Shawish, Athlete (Karate). Silver medal winner in South Karate Championship, 90 KG (2005). Lebanon [ South Karate Championship, Al-Mustaqbal newspaper. Ed. 1929. 27-05-2005. Page 22. http://www.almustaqbal.com/stories.aspx?StoryID=123016] .

*Ustaz Zuhayr Al-Shawish (Shaweesh), Head of Al-Maktab Al-Islami, Lebanon [Sudan Human Rights Organisation (SHRO) Cairo (2000), The Crisis of Religious Faith and Ruling Politics, a Critique of the International Haraka Islamiya Call to Ahl Al-Sudan(1), http://www.shro-cairo.org/articles/Mahgoubcritique/mahgoubcritique1.html] , contemporary Salafism Scholar, Writer and Publisher, Author of the book "Al-`Aqeedah al-Tahawiyyah" [ [http://206.212.0.47/~laher1/class.html#links al-`Aqeedah al-Tahawiyyah ] ] (See also Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Tahawi). Ustaz Zuhayr was choisen as the Personality of the Year (2004) by Dar Al-Fatwa and Islamic Organizations in Lebanon [ Al-'alawnh Ahmad. Shaykh Zuhayr Al-Shawish, Personality of the Year (2004) by Dar Al-Fatwa and Islamic Organizations in Lebanon. Odaba Al-Sham www.odabasham.net/show.php?sid=6149 London. UK] . Several Islamic Historians claim that Sheikh Zuhayr is a descendant of Prophet Mohammad. His full name is Mohammad Zuhayr bin Mustafa Al-Shawish Al-Husayni Al-Hashemi (Al-Hashemi is the name of Prophet Mohammad’s clan).

Libya

* Professor Bashir Shawish , Professor of English & translation. Member of Association of Professors of English and Translation at Arab Universities. (1997- present) Libya. [ Association of Professors of English and Translation at Arab Universities www.apetau.org] .

*Hassouna Shawesh (Al-Shawesh), Deputy Foreign Minister, Libya (2004 – Present), Tripoli, Libya [MBendi Directory of Organisations (2007), Government of Libya, List of Directors/Managers, http://www.mbendi.co.za/orgs/cfwj.htm, accessed 13 October 2007] .
**Hassouna is a keen promoter of honest and open International Relations [ BBC News Online (2004), “Hints of Libya Israel Relations”, 7 January 2004, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3373519.stm, accessed 13 October 2007] [BBC News Online, Gardner, F. (2001), “Analysis: Gaddafi keeps West guessing”, 2 February 2001, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/1150057.stm, accessed 13 October 2007] , economic cooperation between Libya and the West [Morris, H., (2004), World News: Leak Threat to Secret Israeli Talks with Libya, Financial Times, 09 January, http://search.ft.com/nonFtArticle?id=040109000176, accessed 13 October 2007] , and security and stability in the region [Kessler, G. (2004), Washington Post, “Arab Officials Criticize US Support of Israel”, Saturday 11 December 2004, http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A57342-2004Dec11?language=printer, accessed 13 October 2007] .

Palestine

* Inas Shawish, Founder of The Open Workshop for Culture and Art (OWCA) (2001-present). Ramallah, Palestine [The Open Workshop for Culture and Art (OWCA). http://www.owca.org/inas.html] .

*Jamal Shawish, Founder and Head of Rose; a charity that represents thousands of disabled people in Jerusalem old city [Abu Toameh Khaled. Jerusalem Post. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-74333941.html May 30, 2003] .

*Khaled (Khalid) Jamal Mussah Shawish, Fatah Military Officer, Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades leader in Ramallah, Palestine.
**Born in 1971 in Jenin, West Bank, Khaled Shawish is a well-known Palestinian militant under Yasser Arafat’s Fatah party, and one of Arafat’s trusted men [ ABC News (2003), “Deal Made to Keep Militants in Arafat Headquarters”, August 4, http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2003/08/04/916274.htm ] [Willacy, M., (2003), “Palestinians Warned against Collaborating with Israel”, The World Today, ABC Local Radio, Australia, Thursday 14 August, http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2003/s924523.htm ] . He was involved in several attacks in Israel and was on Israeli Army's most-wanted list for many years before his arrest in February 2007 [ Klein, A. (2007), “Terror Chief Received US Assault Rifles, Arrested Militant Doubled as Officer in American-Backed Security Detail”, World Net Daily, 30 May, http://www.wnd.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=55914 ] [Kershner, I., (2007), “Barak in Runoff to Lead Israeli Labor Party”, The New York Times, Middle East, May 29, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/29/world/middleeast/29mideast.html?_r=1&n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/Organizations/H/Hezbollah&oref=slogin ] . Shawish is accused for the killing of Binyamin Ze'ev Kahane, son of Rabi Meir Kahane. During his fighting Shawish carried out a few interviews with Western media, such as Reuters and NBC News, voicing his loyalty to Palestine and encouragement for support and resistance against the Israeli occupation [Allen, R. (2004), Television News archive, TVN Record Number 772144 NBC Evening News, November 21, Aired from 05:49:50 to 05:52:50, Ramallah, http://openweb.tvnews.vanderbilt.edu/2004-11/2004-11-21-NBC-12.html ] [Willacy, M., (2003), “Palestinians Warned against Collaborating with Israel”, The World Today, ABC Local Radio, Australia, Thursday 14 August, http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2003/s924523.htm ] .

*Khaled Yussef Shawish (1969-1989), Victim of the "Jaffa Gate Shooting" (10 April 1989). Khaled was shot and killed by an [unidentified] Jewish gunman dressed with Israeli Defence Force (IDF) uniform and armed with a sub-machine gun [REPORT OF THE SPECIAL COMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE ISRAELI PRACTICES AFFECTING THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF THE POPULATION OF THE OCCUPIED TERRITORIES. http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/85255db800470aa485255d8b004e349a/7dfb706ce5c2de5505256625006a23de!OpenDocument 12 October 1989] . Three Jewish extremists were arrested and charged for the anti-Arab crime [ Cody, Edward. The Washington Post, April 12, 1989.] [Yehuda Litani. TWO PARTS OF A CITY. Jerusalem Post. Jerusalem. Apr 14, 1989] [Izenberg Dan & Getzler Dvorah. 3 HELD AS SEARCH MOUNTED FOR JAFFA GATE GUNMAN. Jerusalem Post. Jerusalem. Apr 12, 1989.] .

*Nasser Shawish, Senior Islamic Jihad figure in Jenin [ISA ARRESTS YOUNG PALESTINIAN WOMAN INVOLVED IN 21.March.2002 JERUSALEM BOMBING. June 2, 2002 http://www.imra.org.il/story.php3?id=12283 ] . Nasser was responsible for the organization of the King George street (Jerusalem) attack on 21-March-2002, in which three Israelis were killed [ RIGHTS GROUP PROTESTS SECRETARY RICE'S MEETING TODAY WITH TERRORIST LEADER WHO INJURED US CITIZENS. http://www.imra.org.il/story.php3?id=31152 October 4, 2006]

Other Arab countries

* Sheykh Abdul Aziz Shawish, Editor of “Al Lewa,” Newspaper (1907). Cairo, Egypt [ Pickthall, Marmaduke. The Situation in Egypt. A Reply to Duse Mohamed. The New Age. Vol. VII. No. 9.

JUNE 30, 1910. London. UK. http://dl.lib.brown.edu/pdfs/1140813940203343.pdf ] .

*Dr. Basima Al-Shawish, Senior Researcher, Tunis University, Tunis, Tunisia [ Alrai Daily Newspaper 03-05-2006. http://www.alrai.com/pages.php?news_id=99725&select= Amman, Jordan. ] .

*Mohammed Al-Shawish, Lawyer, Head of Prosecution at Sana'a high court(2005-present). Sana'a, Yemen. Mohammed leads the prosecution lawyers team in a high profile trial of Mohammed Al-Asadi, the Editor-in-Chief of the Yemen Observer for publishing cartoons of the Prophet Mohammad [ Help Save A Man's Life: Yemen editor faces capital punishment for printing cartoons. Freedom's Zoon. March 9, 2006. http://www.freedomszone.com/archives/2006/03/help_save_a_mans_life_yemen_ed.php] .

*Dr Mohammed Abdullah Shawish, Director of Jeddah Mental Hospital (2004-present). Jeddah, Saudi Arabia [WWP-Business Opportunities in Africa & the Middle East. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-100977721.html May 1, 2003] .

*Dr. Othman Shawesh, Environment Expert for the Arab Organization for Agricultural Development, Khartoum, Sudan [Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, Central and West Asia and North Africa Regional Meeting Report, http://www.fao.org/ag/AGP/agps/Pgrfa/append1b.htm] , previously Head of Range and Forestry, Ministry of Agriculture, Libya [United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD), http://www.unccd.int/cop/cst/experts/individualDetails.php?id=2160] , also Chairman of the National Committee to Combat Desertification [ Mediterranean Trainng Programme, Focal Points, http://www.case.ibimet.cnr.it/MTPprogramme/content.php?page=netw_02&arg=netw, accessed 13 October 2007 ] .
**Dr. Shawesh also carried out several studies and wrote a number of publications, including:
***Aridity and Desertification and Their Effects on Food Security (1996) [ Shawesh, O.M., K.A. Suleiman and T.A. Yahia, 1996. Aridity and Desertification and their effects on food security. National Council for Scientific Research, Tripoli, Libya, Pages 455-542 ] .
***Basic Nutrient Constituents for Some Range Plants in Bir Al-Ghanam Range Project [ Shawesh, O.M., and A.T. Abuzakhm, 1993. Basic nutrient constituents for some range plants in Bir Al-Ghanam Range Project. Libyan Journal of Agriculture, Vol. 4 ] .
***Atriplex Species and their Importance in Range Improvement in the North African Countries of the Green Belt Project [Al-Jadouyi, J.M. and O.M. Shawesh and A.M. Al-Hamrouni, 1984. Atriplex species and their importance in range improvement in the North African countries of the Green Belt Project. National Office for Agriculture Advice and Studies. Tripoli/Libya, Page 137] .
***Evaluation of Development Potentials of Existing Range Projects in Western Libya [Le Houerou, H.N., Servoz, T. Telahigue and O.M. Shawesh, 1988. Evaluation of development potentials of existing range projects in Western Libya. UTFN/Lib./D11/Lib. ] .
***A Study of Reconnaissance Inventory and Improvement of Libyan Rangelands [Suleiman, M.M., O.M. Shawesh, Abuzakham and M.K. Ayoub. 1982. A study of reconnaissance inventory and improvement of Libyan rangelands. Arab organization for Agriculturel Development. Khartoum, Sudan, page 130] .

External links

* [http://www.3disrael.com/jerusalem/damascus_gate.cfm Virtual Tour of the Damascus Gate (Jerusalem) - December 2007]
* [http://www.3disrael.com/jerusalem/muslim_quarter.cfm Virtual Tour of the Arab Quarter of the Old City (Jerusalem) - December 2007]

References