Woburn, Massachusetts

Infobox Settlement
official_name = Woburn, Massachusetts
nickname = The Wu (pronounced "woo")
motto = Virtue et Industria (Virtue and Industry)


imagesize = 250px
image_caption = Benjamin Thompson House, Woburn, Massachusetts
image_

---

mapsize = 250px
map_caption = Location in Middlesex County, Massachusetts


mapsize1 =
map_caption1 =
subdivision_type = Country
subdivision_name = United States
subdivision_type1 = State
subdivision_name1 = Massachusetts
subdivision_type2 = County
subdivision_name2 = Middlesex
established_title = Settled
established_date = 1640
established_title2 = Incorporated
established_date2 = 1642
established_title3 =
established_date3 =
government_type = Mayor-council city
leader_title = Mayor
leader_name = Thomas L. McLaughlin
leader_title1 = Ward
aldermen
leader_name1 = Charles E. Doherty (1) Richard F. Gately Jr. (2) Scott D. Galvin (3) James J. Dwyer (4) Darlene Mercer-Bruen (5) John A. Ciriello (6) Raymond B. Drapeau (7)
leader_title2 = At-large
aldermen
leader_name2 = Paul J. Denaro Joanna Gonsalves
area_magnitude =
area_total_km2 = 33.4
area_total_sq_mi = 12.9
area_land_km2 = 32.8
area_land_sq_mi = 12.7
area_water_km2 = 0.6
area_water_sq_mi = 0.2
population_as_of = 2007
settlement_type = City
population_total = 37,042
population_density_km2 = 1,129.3
population_density_sq_mi = 2,916.7
elevation_m = 30
elevation_ft = 100
timezone = Eastern
utc_offset = -5
timezone_DST = Eastern
utc_offset_DST = -4
latd = 42 |latm = 28 |lats = 45 |latNS = N
longd = 71 |longm = 09 |longs = 10 |longEW = W
website = [http://www.cityofwoburn.com/ www.cityofwoburn.com]
postal_code_type = ZIP code
postal_code = 01801 / 01888
area_code = 339 / 781
blank_name = FIPS code
blank_info = 25-81035
blank1_name = GNIS feature ID
blank1_info = 0612270
footnotes =

thumb|right|200px|Statue of Benjamin Thompson (Count Rumford) outside the library of his hometown, Woburn, Massachusetts. (A copy of the original in Munich.)

Woburn (pronEng|ˈwuːbɚn)is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, USA. The population was 37,258 at the 2000 census. Woburn is the birthplace of Anglo-American scientist Benjamin Thompson, later known as Count Rumford, who made great contributions to the nascent science of thermodynamics. Woburn is located 11 miles north of Boston, Massachusetts, and just south of the intersection of I-93 and I-95. Woburn is pronounced "woo-burn" rather than "woe-burn" as many believe it to be. With a Boston Accent, many people, especially those who live in Woburn, pronounce it "woo-bin."

History

Woburn was first settled in 1640 near Horn Pond a primary source of the Mystic River, and was officially incorporated in 1642. At that time the area included present day towns of Woburn, Winchester, Burlington and parts of Stoneham and Wilmington. In 1730 Wilmington separated from Woburn. In 1799 Burlington separated from Woburn and in 1850 Winchester separated from Woburn.

Woburn got its name from Woburn, Bedfordshire. Woburn played host to the first religious ordination in the Americas on Nov. 22, 1642. Rev. Thomas Carter was sworn in by many of the most prominent men of New England including John Cotton, minister of the First Church of Boston, Richard Mather minister of the First Church of Dorchester and Capt. Edward Johnson co-founder of the church and town of Woburn. The establishment of the church preceded the incorporation of the town, as was customary in those days.

Gershom Flagg's tannery was built in 1668. The Middlesex Canal was opened in 1803. Thompson established a tannery at Cummingsville in 1823. The Boston and Lowell Railroad started operating thru Woburn in 1835 and the Woburn Sentinel newspaper began in 1839. In 1840 the first membership library opened. The telegraph started operating in Woburn in 1867, the public library opened in 1879. The telephone was introduced in Woburn in 1882 and electric lights in 1885. In 1951 Route 128 opened, in 1960 Route 93 was built thru town, and in 1962 the rail depot closed.

"America's oldest active gun club," the Massachusetts Rifle Association, was founded in 1875 and moved to Woburn in 1876. It is still open today.

Groundwater Contamination Incident

In contemporary history, Woburn was the scene of a high profile water contamination crisis. During the mid to late 1970's, the local community became concerned over the high incidence of childhood leukemia and other illnesses, particularly in the Pine Street area of east Woburn. After high levels of chemical contamination were found in City of Woburn’s Wells G & H in 1979, some members of the local community suspected that the unusually high incidence of leukemia, cancer and a wide variety of other health problems were linked to the possible exposure to volatile organic chemicals in the groundwater pumped from Wells G & H. In May, 1982, a number of citizens whose children had either developed or died from leukemia filed a civil lawsuit against two corporations, W. R. Grace and Company and Beatrice Foods. Grace's subsidiary, Cryovac, and Beatrice were suspected of contaminating the groundwater by improperly disposing of trichloroethylene (TCE), perchloroethylene (Perc) and other industrial solvents at their facilities in Woburn near Wells G & H. In a controversial decision with Judge Walter Jay Skinner presiding over what many considered a bungled trial (the judge ruled the jurors should answer questions which the jurors and many others considered confusing) Beatrice was acquitted and Grace only paid 6.6 million, most of which went to the lawyers and lawyer fees. An EPA report later found Beatrice and Grace both responsible for the contamination. [ [http://frontpage.et.byu.edu/woburn/brief.htm Brief History ] ] [ [http://www.boston.com/news/globe/obituaries/articles/2005/05/11/judge_walter_skinner_77_oversaw_woburn_grace_case/ Judge Walter Skinner, 77; oversaw Woburn-Grace case - The Boston Globe ] ] [ [http://www.usfca.edu/pj/articles/Civil_Action-Asimow.htm A Civil Action - Asimow ] ] A book titled "A Civil Action" was written about the case by author Jonathan Harr, and in 1998 the book was turned into a movie starring John Travolta and Robert Duvall, also entitled "A Civil Action".

Geography

Woburn is located at coor dms|42|29|4|N|71|9|7|W|city (42.484545, -71.152060).GR|1 It is bordered by the towns of Wilmington, Reading, Stoneham, Winchester, Lexington, and Burlington.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 12.9 square miles (33.4 km²), of which, 12.7 square miles (32.8 km²) of it is land and 0.2 square miles (0.6 km²) of it (1.71%) is water.

Demographics

As of the censusGR|2 of 2000, there were 37,258 people (37,010 by 2006 estimate), 14,997 households, and 9,658 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,939.6 people per square mile (1,135.4/km²). There were 15,391 housing units at an average density of 1,214.3/sq mi (469.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 90.57% White, 1.87% African American, 0.10% Native American, 4.85% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 1.44% from other races, and 1.13% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.09% of the population.

There were 14,997 households out of which 26.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.5% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.6% were non-families. 28.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.09.

In the city the population was spread out with 21.1% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 34.9% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 15.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 95.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $54,897, and the median income for a family was $66,364. Males had a median income of $45,210 versus $33,239 for females. The per capita income for the city was $26,207. About 4.5% of families and 6.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.9% of those under age 18 and 5.4% of those age 65 or over.

Education

There are nine public elementary schools in Woburn. The schools are the Goodyear Elementary, Altavesta Elementary, Daniel P. Hurld Elementary, Shamrock Elementary, Malcolm White Elementary, Clyde Reeves Elementary, Linscott Elementary, Clapp Elementary, and Wyman Elementary. There have also been the Tarkey School, Plympton School, Golden School and Veterans' Memorial School, which have closed. The Veterans' Memorial School building now serves as the Woburn Senior Center.

The two middle schools are the John F. Kennedy Middle School and Joyce Middle School.

The high school is Woburn Memorial High School.

In recent years, a number of the city's schools have been rebuilt, starting with the Reeves. After the new Reeves school was completed, the Shamrock Elementary moved into the old Reeves building, so that the new Shamrock building could be built on the same location as its predecessor. Upon the completion of the Shamrock, the Malcolm White School moved into the old Reeves building so that the new White School could be built. Most recently, Woburn Memorial High School was rebuilt, and the entire campus was redone. It is proposed that the Goodyear Elementary will be rebuilt in coming years.

There is also a private Catholic school, St. Charles. Its grades range from K-8 along with a newly added pre-school. It is part of the adjacent St. Charles Parish.

Transportation

*Anderson Regional Transportation Center is a transit hub, with Amtrak service to Portland, Maine and MBTA Commuter Rail service to Boston's North Station and Lowell, Massachusetts, as well as bus service to Logan International Airport and Manchester-Boston Regional Airport
*Mishawum is a stop on the MBTA Commuter Rail's Lowell Line that has currently has only limited reverse rush hour service.
*MBTA Bus routes also run through Woburn, along its main road such as, Main Street, Montvale Ave., Lexington Street and Cambridge Road. The routes run north to Burlington and Wilmington and south to Boston.

Notable residents

* Col. Loammi Baldwin, Revolutionary War engineer under Washington, engineer of the Middlesex Canal.
*Eric Bogosian, playwright and actor.
*John Carter, former NHL hockey player [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Carter_(ice_hockey)]
*Charles Goodyear, inventor of vulcanized rubber, lived on Montvale Avenue in the 1830s
*Courtney Kennedy, dual Olympic Medal Winner in Women's Ice Hockey
*Ebenezer Locke is reputed to have fired the famous shot heard 'round the world, the first shot fired by an American at the Battle of Lexington.1
*Stephen McCauley, author ("The Object of My Affection, The Easy Way Out, The Man of the House, True Enough")Fact|date=May 2007
*Charles McMahon, Marine Corporal, last casualty in Vietnam
*David Robinson, drummer for the successful New Wave bands, The Cars and The Modern Lovers
*Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford, scientist and inventor
*Lyle R. Wheeler, Academy Award-winning art-director ("Gone with the Wind", "The King and I")
*Philemon Wright, founder of Ottawa, Canada
*Frederick Zollo, producer of Mississippi Burning, Quiz Show, and Ghosts of MississippiFact|date=May 2007
*Jim Nagle, semi-pro hockey player in Germany

Points of interest

[
Edward Convers House, first house built in Woburn, 1640]
* 1790 House
* Baldwin House
* Benjamin Thompson House
* Winn Memorial Library
* Woburn Memorial High School

References

Further reading

* [http://users.rcn.com/woblib/chrnlgy.htm Chronological History of Woburn.]
*http://users.rcn.com/waynemccarthy/LMM2002/EbenLocke.html
* [http://www.salemdeeds.com/atlases_results.asp?ImageType=index&atlastype=MassWorld&atlastown=&atlas=MASSACHUSETTS+1871&atlas_desc=MASSACHUSETTS+1871 "1871 Atlas of Massachusetts".] by Wall & Gray. [http://www.salemdeeds.com/atlases_pages.asp?ImageName=PAGE_0010_0011.jpg&atlastype=MassWorld&atlastown=&atlas=MASSACHUSETTS+1871&atlas_desc=MASSACHUSETTS+1871&pageprefix= Map of Massachusetts.] [http://www.salemdeeds.com/atlases_pages.asp?ImageName=PAGE_0044_0045.jpg&atlastype=MassWorld&atlastown=&atlas=MASSACHUSETTS+1871&atlas_desc=MASSACHUSETTS+1871&pageprefix= Map of Middlesex County.]
* "History of Middlesex County, Massachusetts", [http://books.google.com/books?id=QGolOAyd9RMC&dq=intitle:History+intitle:of+intitle:Middlesex+intitle:County+intitle:Massachusetts&lr=&num=50&as_brr=0&source=gbs_other_versions_sidebar_s&cad=5 Volume 1 (A-H)] , [http://books.google.com/books?id=hNaAnwRMedUC&pg=PA506&dq=intitle:History+intitle:of+intitle:Middlesex+intitle:County+intitle:Massachusetts&lr=&num=50&as_brr=0#PPA3,M1 Volume 2 (L-W)] compiled by Samuel Adams Drake, published 1879-1880. 572 and 505 pages. [http://books.google.com/books?id=hNaAnwRMedUC&pg=PA506&dq=History+of+Middlesex+County,+Massachusetts#PPA526,M1 Woburn article] by George M. Chamney in volume 2, pages 526-554.
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=hNaAnwRMedUC&pg=PA506&dq=History+of+Middlesex+County,+Massachusetts#PPA526,M1 "The History of Woburn, Middlesex County, Massachusetts",] by Samuel Sewall, Charles Chauncy Sewall, Samuel Thompson; published 1868, 657 pages.
* [http://docs.unh.edu/towns/WoburnMassachusettsMapList.htm Old USGS Maps of Woburn.]

External links

* [http://www.cityofwoburn.com/ Woburn official website]
* [http://www.woburnpublicschools.com/ Woburn Public Schools website]
* [http://www.sciwoburn.org/ SCI Woburn Community Website]
* [http://www.woburnadvocate.com/ Woburn Advocate] (Newspaper)
* [http://www.woburnonline.com/ Woburn Daily Times Chronicle] (Newspaper)
* [http://docs.unh.edu/towns/WoburnMassachusettsMapList.htm Old USGS Maps of Woburn.]