Yeontan

Yeontan, yontan, or ybnt'an, is the name for large coal briquettes used in South Korea for cooking and home heating. Made of coal dust and a gluing agent, they were a welcome alternative to firewood and natural coal partly because they came in a consistent, stackable size and shape. There are 5 standard sizes for yeontan, and the 2nd standard is widely used in households. The 2nd stantard briquette is cylindrical in shape, weighs 3.5 kg, and is about 20 cm in height and 15 cm in diameter. The standard yeontan has 22 holes drilled into its top to facilitate steady, efficient burning, and a household typically used one to three briquettes per day in the winter. A new yeontan would sometimes be placed atop the current one when it was halfway burned, to continuously maintain the fire.

The same fire used for cooking also served to heat the house, through a Korean radiant underfloor heating system called ondol.

Introduced to Korea from Japan in the 1920s, yeontan rose in popularity following the Korean war. By 1988, 78% of Korean households used yeontan, but this fell to 33% by 1993 as people switched to oil and gas boilers, and was estimated to be used by just 2% of households by 2001. The boilers reduced the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning, which was a major cause of death in coal-heated houses.

References

*Lankov, Andrei. (2007-06-21). [http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/include/print.asp?newsIdx=5149 "At Coalface of Heating."] "Korea Times", via koreatimes.co.kr. Retrieved on 2007-09-06.

*(2003-02-22). [http://www.skynews.co.kr/article_view.asp?mcd=72&ccd=6&scd=5&ano=98 "Korea's Image."] "SkyNews," via skynews.co.kr. Retrieved on 2007-09-06.

*Sayers, Robert, and Ralph Rinzler. (July 1987). [http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/Folklife/text/SCFS-0005.txt "The Korean Onggi Potter."] "Smithsonian Folklife Studies", number 5. Retrieved on 2007-09-06.

*(2000-11-18). [http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-67031207.html "Coal Briquette Consumption on Rise."] "Korea Times" (Seoul, Korea), introduction via highbeam.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-06.