Asian whiting

Taxobox
name = Asian whiting
status = LC

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image_width = 240 px
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Actinopterygii
ordo = Perciformes
subordo = Percoidei
superfamilia = Percoidea
familia = Sillaginidae
genus = "Sillago"
species = "S. asiatica"
binomial = "Sillago asiatica"
binomial_authority = McKay, 1983
range_

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range_map_width = 240px
range_map_caption = Range of the Asian whitingThe Asian whiting, "Sillago asiatica", is a species inshore marine fish in the smelt whiting family,Sillaginidae, distributed along the Asian coastline from the Gulf of Thailand to Taiwan. The Asian whiting's appearance is very similar to other closely related species in the genus "Sillago", with swim bladder morphology and ray counts of fins the most reliable identifying features. The species inhabits slightly deeper water than many of the sillaginid species its distribution overlaps, forming an important part of the whiting fishery in the countries within its range.

Taxonomy and naming

The Asian whiting is a species of the genus "Sillago", one of three divisions of the smelt-whiting family Sillaginidae. The Sillaginidae are members of the Perciformes suborder Percoidei, with 67 other families. [ITIS | ID = 646039 | taxon = Sillago asiatica | year = 2008 | date = 05 May]

The species was described and named "Sillago asiatica" by McKay in 1983 based on the holotype specimen taken from Chantaburi in the Gulf of Thailand in 1975, with paratypes from Taiwan also examined. The species had been known from a small sample of "Sillago" species taken from Thailand but was considered to be a subspecies of "S. japonica" by the biologists who first examined it. A review of the holotype by McKay led to the correct identification, with the author noting that the swim bladder morphology and vertebrae count were beyond any variation in "S. japonica". The name is derived from 'Asiaticus', meaning Asiatic, which is also reflected in the species' common name.cite journal |last=McKay |first=R.J. |year=1985 |title=A Revision of the Fishes of the Family Silaginidae |journal=Memoirs of the Queensland Museum |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=1–73 |doi=]

Description

The profile of the Asian whiting is typical of all members of the genus "Sillago", possessing an elongate, slightly compressed body covered in ctenoid scales, tapering toward the terminal mouth.FishBase species | genus = Sillago | species = asiatica | year = 2007 | month = Jul ] The head of the species is more dorsoventrally compressed that most other sillaginids, although more detailed analysis is needed to confirm the identity a specimen. The species has a known maximum size of 15 cm, making it one of the smaller smelt-whitings. cite book | last = McKay | first = R.J. | coauthors = | title = FAO Species Catalogue: Vol. 14. Sillaginid Fishes Of The World | publisher = Food and Agricultural Organisation | date = 1992 | url = ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/009/t0538e/t0538e06.pdf | location = Rome | pages = 19-20 | isbn = 92-5-103123-1 ]

The first dorsal fin contains 11 spines while the second has one spine and 20 or 21 soft rays. The anal fin has 2 spines with between 21 and 23 soft rays posterior to the spines. The lateral line scales number between 67 and 70, while there are 34 vertebrae. The swim bladder morphology is also distinctive, with three anterior extensions, the middle one projecting forward and the anterolateral ones curving backward along the swim bladder. There is a single posterior extension toward the caudal region. A duct like process is present from the ventral surface to the urogenital opening.

The Asian whiting has a typical sillaginid colouring, with the body and head a pale sandy brown to light fawn, often with an indistinct pale midlateral band. The belly is paler than the body, occasionally white. The operculum is transparent with a crescentic patch of fine black-brown spots in a pigmented area. The fines are hyaline in appearance with the unpaired fins spotted with brown. The upper and lower margins of the caudal fins are shaded dark brown to black.

Distribution and habitat

The Asian whiting is distributed along the Asian coastline from the South of the Gulf of Thailand northward to upper Taiwan. [cite journal |last=Shao |first=K.T. |coauthors=S.C. Shen & L.W. Chen |year= |month= |title=A newly recorded Sandborer, "Sillago (Sillaginipodys) chondropus" Bleeker, with a synopsis of the fishes of family Sillaginidae of Taiwan |journal=Bulletin of the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica |volume=25 |issue= |pages=1410–1502 |doi=] The species may be even more widespread to the west into the Indian Ocean, however it is often confused with "S. sihama". The Asian whiting inhabits slightly deeper water than many of the "Sillago" genus, living in water between 10 and 50m deep, venturing into larger estuaries on occasion. [cite journal |last=Kuo |first=S.R. |coauthors=K.T. Shao|year=1999 |month= |title= Species Composition of Fish in the Coastal Zones of the Tsengwen Estuary, with Descriptions of Five New Records from Taiwan |journal=Zoological Studies |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=391–404 |url = http://zoolstud.sinica.edu.tw/Journals/38.4/391-404.pdf |doi=] Very little else is known about the species' biology or ecology.

Relationship to humans

A number of smelt-whiting species are present throughout the range of the Asian whiting and are taken as food for local consumption. There is often no distinction between species and the total catch of the species is unknown, but it certainly makes up a proportion of the whiting taken. cite book | last = McKay | first = R.J. | editor = Carpenter, K.E. and Niem, V.H. (eds.)| title = FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes: The Living Marine Resources Of The Western Central Pacific: Volume 4 Bony fishes, part 2 (Mugilidae to Carangidae) | publisher = Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations | date = 1999 | location = Rome | pages = 2069-2790 | isbn = 92-5-104301-9 ] The most important fishery where the species is involved is in Taiwan.

References

External links

* [http://filaman.ifm-geomar.de/Summary/SpeciesSummary.php?id=8496 Asian whiting at Fishbase]