Language merger
- Language merger
Language merger, in
linguistics , is a theoretical phenomenon whereby two or more distinctlanguage s combine to form a single language. It is a controversial concept among linguists, who are divided over whether it represents an actual phenomenon, or merely a mistaken view of another process (e.g.language shift ,language convergence ). Even among those linguists who argue that language merger is a real phenomenon, it is nevertheless considered a monumentally rare occurrence.Language death , in the form oflanguage murder orlanguage suicide , are far more likely outcomes oflanguage contact than a merger.The term specifically refers to a natural, rather than synthetic, process.
Rumantsch Grischun , a standardized form of Romansh, was developed in1982 byHeinrich Schmid . This language is in actual spoken use, becoming the standard language of all Rhaetian-speakers inSwitzerland . However, as the result of artificial development by Schmid and his colleagues, it is not a product of language merger.It has been proposed by some linguists that "actual" merger was the source of what would ultimately become the modern
German language , arising as a homogenizeddachsprache of several regional Germandialect s. This process, which took place over a period of several centuries, was neither truly natural nor truly artificial. What began as a formal language of the clergy and aristocracy developed progressively into an everyday spoken language, and has now nearly completely displaced the original dialectical forms of German. In most regions, there still exist parallel dialectical forms. However, these are rapidly dying out, and in some regions, such asHamburg , local dialect is already practically indistinguishable from the standard language.ee also
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Mixed language
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