- Artamon Matveev
Artamon Sergeyevich Matveyev (Артамон Сергеевич Матвеев in Russian) (1625 - 1682) was a Russian
statesman ,diplomat andreformer .Due to the fact that his father -
Sergey Matveyev - was a notable diplomat, Artamon Matveyev was brought up at the royal court since the age of thirteen, where he would become close friends with Alexius I. Matveyev started his career as a government official, who worked in Ukraine and took part in some of Russia's wars with Poland. He was a member of the Russiandelegation at the conclusion of theTreaty of Pereyaslav in 1654 and Russiandiplomatic mission to Poland in 1656-1657. As the head of theStreltsy Department , Matveyev participated in suppression of theCopper Riot in 1662. Seven years later, he was put in charge of the "Malorossiysky Prikaz ", i.e. Ministry of the Ukrainian Affairs, and in 1671 - head of the "Posolsky Prikaz " (foreign affairs office) and other ministries. Matveyev was known to have consideredunification of Ukraine and Russia as the most important issue of the Russianforeign policy . He once said that it was even possible to temporarily forget about the struggle with the Swedes for theBaltic Sea for the sake of unification with Ukraine. In 1672, Matveyev managed to secureKiev for Russia during the talks with Poland.In 1671, the
tsar Alexius I and Artamon were already on intimate terms, and, on the retirement ofAfanasy Ordin-Nashchokin , Matveyev became the tsar's chief counselor. It was at his house that Alexius, after the death of his first consortMaria Miloslavskaya , met Matveyev's niece and favorite student, the beautifulNatalia Naryshkina , whom he married onJanuary 22 ,1671 . At the end of the year Matveyev was raised to the rank of "okolnichy ", and onSeptember 1 ,1674 attained the still higher dignity ofboyar . The deplorable physical condition of Alexius's immediate successor, Feodor III, suggested to Matveyev the desirability of elevating to the throne the sturdy littletsarevich Peter, then in his fourth year. He purchased the allegiance of the "Streltsy " and then, summoning the boyars of the council, earnestly represented to them that Feodor was unable to reign and urged the substitution of little Peter. But thereactionary boyars, among whom were the near kinsmen of Feodor, proclaimed him tsar and Matveyev wasbanish ed toPustozyorsk , where he remained till Feodor's death onMay 7 ,1682 . Immediately afterwards Peter was proclaimed tsar by Patriarch Joachim, and the first "ukaz " issued in Peter's name summoned Matveyev to return to the capital and act as chief adviser to thetsaritsa Natalia. Matveyev came toMoscow onMay 11 , and four days later had to meet with the rebellious "Streltsy", who had been instigated to rebel by the anti-Petrine faction. He had already succeeded in partially pacifying them, when one of theircolonel s began to abuse the still hesitating and suspicious musketeers. Infuriated, they seized Matveyev and hacked him to pieces.Matveyev was a very educated and versatile individual for his time. He organized a
publishing house on the premises of the "Posolsky Prikaz" and compiled the so-called "Book of Titles" (Царский титулярник), an illustrated reference book abouttitle s of the Russian tsar and foreign rulers, with some information on Russian history, pictures of differentcoats of arms ,stamp s,monarch s andpatriarch s. Matveyev was also a collector of rare books and had a hugelibrary . He decorated his house with pieces of fine art,optical devices and models of different ships. Matveyev was the one to introducetheater to the court by organizing a group of actors who staged various plays. He was also one of the organizers of the first apothecary in Moscow. His sonAndrey Matveev was made a count and served as the first President ofJustice Collegium .----
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