Old Copper Complex

Old Copper Complex: Native copper nugget from glacial drift, Ontonagon County, Michigan. An example of the raw material worked by the people of the Old Copper Complex.

Old Copper Complex is a term used for ancient Native North American societies known to have been heavily involved in the utilization of copper for weaponry and tools. It is to be distinguished from the Copper Age (Chalcolithic era), when copper use becomes systematic.

The Old Copper Complex of the Western Great Lakes is the best known of these. Great Lakes natives of the Archaic tradition located 99% pure copper in the area of Lake Superior, both in veins and nuggets in gravel beds. Eventually they learned to hammer the copper and produce a variety of spearpoints, tools and decorative objects. In addition to practical use, the Copper Complex peoples traded copper goods to obtain other exotic materials.

The Copper Complex can be dated as far back as 6,000 years. By about 3,000 years ago the use of copper is increasingly restricted to jewelry and other status-related items, rather than for tools. This is thought to represent the development of more complex hierarchical cultures in the area.^[1]^[2]^[3]

See Also

Copper Culture State Park

References

^ Thomas C. Pleger, "A Brief Introduction to the Old Copper Complex of the Western Great Lakes: 4000-1000 BC", Proceedings of the Twenty-seventh Annual Meeting of the Forest History Association of Wisconsin, Oconto, Wisconsin, October 5, 2002, pp. 10-18.

^ Thomas E. Emerson, Dale L. McElrath, Archaic Societies: Diversity and Complexity Across the Midcontinent, SUNY Press, 2009 ISBN 1438427018.

^ William Marder (2005). Indians in the Americas: the untold story. Book Tree. pp. 28–29. ISBN 1585091049. http://books.google.co.jp/books?id=Obgdz8auwkMC&pg=PA28.

v · d · e Pre-Columbian North America

Archaeological cultures

North American pre-Columbian chronology – Adena – Alachua – Ancient Pueblo (Anasazi) – Baytown – Belle Glade – Buttermilk Creek Complex – Caborn-Welborn – Calf Creek – Caloosahatchee – Clovis – Coles Creek – Deptford – Folsom – Fort Ancient – Fort Walton – Fremont – Glades – Glacial Kame – Hopewell (List of Hopewell sites) – Hohokam – Leon-Jefferson – Mississippian (List of Mississippian sites) – Mogollon – Monongahela – Old Cordilleran – Oneota – Paleo-Arctic – Paleo-Indians – Patayan – Plano – Plaquemine – Poverty Point – Prehistoric Southwest – Red Ocher – Santa Rosa-Swift Creek – St. Johns – Steed-Kisker – Tchefuncte – Tocobaga – Troyville

Archaeological sites

Angel Mounds – Bandelier National Monument – The Bluff Point Stoneworks – Cahokia – Chaco Canyon – Casa Grande – Coso Rock Art District – Eaker – Effigy Mounds National Monument – Etowah Indian Mounds – Eva – Folsom Site – Fort Ancient – Fort Center – Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument – Holly Bluff Site – Hopewell Culture National Historical Park – Kincaid Mounds – Kolomoki – Manitou Cliff Dwellings – Marksville – Meadowcroft Rockshelter – Mesa Verde – Moorehead Circle – Moundville – Mummy Cave – Nodena Site – Ocmulgee National Monument – Old Stone Fort – Parkin Park – Pinson Mounds – Portsmouth Earthworks – Poverty Point – Pueblo Bonito – Rock Eagle – Rock Hawk – Salmon Ruins – Serpent Mound – Spiro Mounds – SunWatch – Taos Pueblo – Toltec Mounds – Town Creek Indian Mound – Winterville

Miscellaneous

Ballgame – Black drink – Buhl woman – Calumet – Chunkey – Clovis point – Container Revolution – Eastern Agricultural Complex – Eden point – Effigy mound – Falcon dancer – Folsom point – Green Corn Ceremony – Horned Serpent – Kennewick man – Kiva – Metallurgy – Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing – Medicine wheel – Mound builders – N.A.G.P.R.A. – Norse colonization of the Americas – Piasa – Pueblo dwellings – Southeastern Ceremonial Complex – Three Sisters agriculture – Thunderbird – Underwater panther

Related: Genetic history · Indigenous Portal of North America · Pre-Columbian era

Categories:
Archaic period in the Americas
Archaeological cultures of North America
Pre-Columbian cultures
History of indigenous peoples of North America
Native American history
Native American history of Michigan
Great Lakes

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать реферат

Look at other dictionaries:

Copper — For other uses, see Copper (disambiguation) … Wikipedia
Copper Age — The Chalcolithic (Greek khalkos + lithos copper stone ) period or Copper Age period [also known as the Eneolithic (Æneolithic)] , is a phase in the development of human culture in which the use of early metal tools appeared alongside the use of… … Wikipedia
Copper Culture State Park — Oconto Site U.S. National Register of Historic Places U.S. National Historic Landmark … Wikipedia
Copper peptide GHK-Cu — IUPAC name 6 amino 2 [[2 [(2 aminoacetyl)amino] 3 (1H imidazol 5 yl)propanoyl]amino]hexanoic acid; copper … Wikipedia
Copper deficiency — Classification and external resources ICD 10 E61.0 ICD 9 275.1 Copper deficiency is a very ra … Wikipedia
Old Stone Fort (Tennessee) — Old Stone Fort U.S. National Register of Historic Places … Wikipedia
Copper metallurgy in Africa — encompasses the study of copper production across the continent and an understanding of how it influenced aspects of African archaeology. Contents 1 Origins 2 Ore Sources 3 Mining and Processing … Wikipedia
Old Mackinac Point Light — Location Mackinaw City, Michigan Year first constructed 1892 Year first lit 1892 Deactivated 1957 Foundation Ashlar limestone … Wikipedia
Old City Hall (Toronto) — Old City Hall Toronto s Old City Hall Former names City Hall General information Type civi … Wikipedia
Old City, Hyderabad — Old City • حیدر آباد قديم شهر, City of Pearls,City of Minars,[1] City of Lakes[2] … Wikipedia

Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias

Old Copper Complex

See Also

References

Look at other dictionaries:

Share the article and excerpts

Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias

Wikipedia

Old Copper Complex

See Also

References

Look at other dictionaries:

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link