- Aéroplanes Voisin
Aéroplanes Voisin (also known as "Brothers Voisin", _fr. Les Frères Voisin) was a French
aircraft company, one of the first in the world. The company was formed in 1906 by the brothers Charles andGabriel Voisin . Gabriel had previously collaborated with fellow pioneerLouis Blériot at the Blériot-Voisin company.Gabrial Voisin bought out Louis Blériot and established what was then the "Appareils d'Aviation Les Frères Voisin" (Voisin Brothers' Flying Machines) with Charles. The company was based at
Billancourt , nearParis ; "this was the first commercial aircraft factory in Europe". [Davilla & Soltan, p. 541] Early Voisin products, Blériot tractor-engined monoplane designs, were unsuccessful. In 1907 theDelagrange No. 1 , the first Voisin to adopt the pusher-engined biplane design which would be the company's trademark, was flown. It was followed by theDelagrange No. 2 , the first European aircraft to complete a one-kilometer flight. Both machines were built forLeon Delagrange .Henri Farman also flew a Voisin in his early record-braking flights. In 1910 theCanard Voisin , aseaplane , became one of the most successful designs of the company. Some eighty aircraft had been built by 1912, when Charles was killed in a motor accident.The "Type L", or
Voisin I , was developed for the French Army's 1912 trials. It performed successfully, and some seventy were built in France, and a small number inRussia , before it was replaced by the "Type LA" orVoisin III design. A large number of Voisin IIIs followed, production increasing with the outbreak of theFirst World War . The Voisin III was followed by improved "Type LB" and "Type LBS", orVoisin IV andVoisin V aircraft. The larger "Type LC",Voisin VII , followed in 1916, but was not a success and only a hundred were built.Soon after the outbreak of the First World War, it became apparent that the French aviation industry could not produce aircraft in sufficient numbers to meet military requirements. Manufacturers from other fields became subcontractors, and later license-builders, of the aviation industry's designs. The earliest such partnership was between
Louis Breguet andMichelin . Gabriel Voisin was late to this field, although his designs were produced in quantity by Russian licensees. By 1918, Voisin was involved with the Voisin-Lafresnaye company, a major constructor of airframes, and the Voisin-Lefebvre company, a major builder of aircraft engines.Following the Voisin VII came the more powerful, and more successful, "Type LAP" and "Type LBP", known as the
Voisin VIII . This was the French army's main night bomber in 1916–1917, with over one thousand built. TheVoisin IX , or "Type LC", was an unsuccessful design for a reconnaissance aeroplane, which lost out to the superiorSalmson 2 andBreguet 14 . TheVoisin X , "Type LAR" and "Type LBR", was the Voisin VIII with a more reliableRenault engine in place of the previousPeugeot design. Deliveries were much delayed, but some nine hundred were built by the end of the war.The last significant Voisin design, the
Voisin XII , was successful in trials in 1918, but with the end of the war, no production was ordered. Unlike previous Voisins, the Voisin XII was a large, twin-tractor-engined biplane night bomber, rather more elegant than previous, boxy Voisins.After 1918, Gabriel Voisin abandoned the aviation industry in favor of
automobile construction.References
Bibliography
* Carlier, Claude, "Sera Maître du Monde, qui sera Maître de l'Air": La Création de l'Aviation militaire française." Paris: Economica/ISC, 2004. ISBN 2-7178-4918-1
* Davilla, James J., & Soltan, Arthur M., "French Aircraft of the First World War." Stratford, Connecticut: Flying Machines Press, 1997. ISBN 0-9637110-4-0
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.