Prunus nigra

Prunus nigra

Taxobox
name = "Prunus nigra"



image_caption = fruiting spray
regnum = Plantae
divisio = Magnoliophyta
classis = Magnoliopsida
ordo = Rosales
familia = Rosaceae
subfamilia = Prunoideae
genus = "Prunus"
subgenus = "Prunus"
sectio = "Prunocerasus"
species = "P. nigra"
binomial = "Prunus nigra"
binomial_authority = Aiton

"Prunus nigra" (Canada Plum or Black Plum) is a species of "Prunus", native to eastern North America from New Brunswick west to southeastern Manitoba, and south to Connecticut across to Iowa.Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?30053 "Prunus nigra"] ] It formerly also occurred south to Ohio but is now thought to be extinct in that state.Ohio DNR: [http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/tabid/1507/default.aspx "Prunus nigra" Aiton Canada Plum] ]

It is a deciduous shrub or small tree growing to 10 m tall with a trunk up to 25 cm diameter, with a low-branched, dense crown of stiff, rigid, branches. The bark is gray-brown, older layers coming off in thick plates. The branchlets are bright green at first, later become dark brown tinged with red, and spiny. The winter buds are chestnut brown, acuminate, up to 8 mm long. The leaves are alternate, simple, oblong-ovate or obovate, 5–12 cm long and 3–7 cm broad, wedge-shaped or slightly heart-shaped or rounded at base, doubly crenaulate-serrate, abruptly contracted to a narrow point at the apex, feather-veined, midrib conspicuous; they emerge from the bud convolute, downy, slightly tinged with red, are smooth, becoming bright green above and paler beneath when full grown. The leaf petioles are stout, bearing two large dark glands and early deciduous, lanceolate or three to five-lobed stipules. The flowers are 15–25 mm diameter, with five rounded petals, white fading to pale pink, with a more or less erose margin; they are slightly fragrant, borne in three to four-flowered umbels, with short, thick peduncles, and appear before the leaves in mid to late spring. The flower pedicels are slender and dark red. The calyx is conic, dark red, five-lobed, the lobes acute, finally reflexed, glandular, smooth on the innner surface, imbricate in bud, ovate, with short claws, imbricate in bud. There are 15–20 stamens, inserted on the calyx tube; filaments thread-like; anthers purplish, introrse, two-celled; cells opening longitudinally; the pistil has a superior ovary in the bottom of calyx tube, one-celled, with two ovules. The fruit is an oblong-oval drupe, 25–30 mm long with a tough, thick, orange red skin, free from bloom, yellow flesh adherent to the stone; the stone oval, compressed. It matures in late summer or early autumn. The cotyledons are thick and fleshy. The species grows best in alluvial soils.New Brunswick tree and shrub species of concern: [http://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/subsite/mx-212/canadaplum "Prunus nigra"] ] Keeler, H. L. (1900) "Our Native Trees and How to Identify Them" pp. 119-122. Charles Scriber's Sons, New York.]

It can easily be confused with the related "Prunus americana", differing most obviously in the leaf margins having blunt, gland-tipped teeth, rather than the sharp, glandless teeth of "P. americana" leaves.

A fungus in the genus "Taphrina" often attacks the plums; the young ovaries swell, often much larger than full grown plums, become hollow and often persist on the tree in winter. Known as "plum pockets", they appear pale green, leathery to the touch, and hollow with the exception of a few fibrous bands. The disease reduces regeneration of the plums.

Uses

The fruit is eaten raw or cooked and is made into preserves and jellies.

The wood is bright red brown; heavy, hard, strong and close-grained, with a density of 0.6918.

References


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Prunus nigra — Prunus nigra …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Prunus nigra — Prunus nigra …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Prunus nigra — juodoji slyva statusas T sritis vardynas apibrėžtis Erškėtinių šeimos dekoratyvinis, vaisinis augalas (Prunus nigra), paplitęs Šiaurės Amerikoje. atitikmenys: lot. Prunus americana var. lanata; Prunus americana var. mollis; Prunus nigra angl.… …   Lithuanian dictionary (lietuvių žodynas)

  • Prunus nigra — juodoji slyva statusas T sritis augalininkystė apibrėžtis Kaulavaisinis erškėtinių (Rosaceae) šeimos augalas, iš kitų slyvų išsiskiriantis žemaūgiškumu (iki 3 m aukščio) ir ištvermingumu žiemą. atitikmenys: lot. Prunus nigra angl. Canadian plum… …   Žemės ūkio augalų selekcijos ir sėklininkystės terminų žodynas

  • PRunUS NIGRA AIT. - СЛИВА КАНАДСКАЯ, ИЛИ ЧЕРНАЯ — см. 384. Дерево. P. nigra Ait. С. канадская, или черная Hort. Kew (1789) 165. Хедрик (1937) 122. Дер. и куст. III (1954) 714. Жуковский (1964) 511. S у n. Cerasus nigra Lois.; P. americana var. nigra Waugh.; P. mollis Torr.; P. bortalis Poir. Р а …   Справочник растений

  • Prunus nigra — ID 68092 Symbol Key PRNI Common Name Canadian plum Family Rosaceae Category Dicot Division Magnoliophyta US Nativity Native to U.S. US/NA Plant Yes State Distribution CT, IA, IL, IN, MA, ME, MI, MN, NH, NY, OH, VT, WI Growth Habit Tree …   USDA Plant Characteristics

  • Prunus nigra — noun small tree native to northeastern North America having oblong orange red fruit • Syn: ↑Canada plum • Hypernyms: ↑plum, ↑plum tree …   Useful english dictionary

  • Prunus nigra Aiton — Symbol PRNI Common Name Canadian plum Botanical Family Rosaceae …   Scientific plant list

  • Prunus — cerasus (Sour Cherry) in bloom Scientific classification Kingdom …   Wikipedia

  • Prunus — Schlehdorn (Prunus spinosa), mit Früchten Systematik Eurosiden I Ordnung: Rosenartige (Rosales) …   Deutsch Wikipedia

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