- Parivara
Parivara (
Pali for "accessory") is the third and last book of the TheravadinVinaya Pitaka . It includes a summary and multiple analyses of the various rules identified in the Vinaya Pitaka's first two books, theSuttavibhanga and theKhandhaka , primarily for didactic purposes. As it includes a long list of teachers in Ceylon, even Theravada fundamentalists recognize that, at least in its present form, it is of late date. Scholars give it a late date, some suggesting it may be even later than the Fourth Council in Ceylon in the last centuryBCE , at which thePali Canon was written down from oral tradition ["This work (the Parivara) is in fact a very much later composition, and probably the work of a Ceylonese Thera." from: "Book of the Discipline", volume VI, page ix (translators' introduction)] .Translation: "The Book of the Discipline", tr I. B. Horner, volume VI, 1966,
Pali Text Society [http://www.palitext.com] , LancasterThe book is in 19 chapters:
# catechisms on the rules of the monks'
Patimokkha
# similar on the nuns' rules
# verse summary of origins; an action can be originated by body and/or speech, in each of the three cases with oir without intention, making six origins in all; this chapter goes through all the Patimokkha rules for monks and nuns, saying which of these six are possible
# in two parts:
## repetitions on types of legal case involved in offences
## which rules for settling disputes are to be applied to legal cases
# questions onKhandhaka
# lists arranged numerically (cf.Anguttara Nikaya )
#in two parts:
## beginning the recitation of the Patimokkha
## exposition of reasons for rules
# collection of stanzas
# on legal cases
# additional collection of stanzas (mainly on reproving)
# on reproving
# lesser collection on disputes
# greater collection on disputes
# kathina: the process of making up robes
# Upali asks the Buddha questions, the answers being lists of five
# another chapter on origins
# second ("sic") collection of stanzas
# "sweat-inducing stanzas": a collection of riddles (answers not given here); perhaps intended as 2exam questions"
# in five parts:
## formal acts of the sangha
## reasons for rules
## laying down of rules
## what was laid down
## nine classificationsSee also
*
Vinaya Pitaka Notes
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